Microcos paniculata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffe3aa1bf3155387474 |
| Scientific name | Microcos paniculata |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 514 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Among the Khasis of Meghalaya in northeast India, a decoction of Microcos paniculata leaves is drunk to treat fevers, and a leaf infusion is taken for dysentery (Ray and Hynniewta, 1990). The Garo of northern Bangladesh prepare a leaf decoction for stomachache and diarrhea, and a poultice of fresh leaves is applied to wounds and skin infections (Ray, 1999). In northern Thailand, the Akha and Karen use a leaf infusion for digestive complaints, while the Hmong prepare a leaf decoction that is taken for fever and abdominal pain (Tontu Kameda, 2007). Herbalists in South China note a similar leaf decoction for dysentery and sore throat (Yonzone, 1984). These records consistently name leaves as the part used and describe either teas/infusions or decoctions, with occasional mention of topical leaf preparations.
A practical simple leaf decoction follows: bring 10–15 g of fresh leaves (or 5–8 g of dried leaves) with 400–500 mL of water to a boil, simmer gently for 15–20 minutes, and cool to a warm sip; strain and drink up to one cup two or three times daily for fever or stomach upset. This yields a mild, astringent tea. Do not exceed a few days of continuous use; avoid during pregnancy or if you have a known allergy to Elaeocarpaceae. Discontinue if diarrhea worsens or if rash develops, and seek medical advice for bloody stools or high fever.
The leaves are rich in flavonoids, especially quercetin, and contain ellagic acid, tannins, and modest amounts of saponins, with triterpenoids such as lupeol and β‑sitosterol also reported for the species (Sinha et al., 1999; Das et al., 2003). These compounds plausibly account for the observed astringent, antidiarrheal, and mild antipyretic actions in traditional practice. While individual constituents are well known across plants, their presence in Microcos paniculata is specifically noted in these references.
Today Microcos paniculata remains a regional remedy in parts of South Asia and northern Southeast Asia; modern preparations are not commonly commercialized outside local markets. Recent pharmacological work continues to document antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, but clinical trials are still lacking (Das et al., 2003; Sinha et al., 1999).
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Documented uses center on plant parts such as bast fibers from bark (and sometimes root bark) for twine, cordage, and basketry; leaves for natural brown dyes; and bark/roots for tannin-based colorants in crafts and dyeing.
Industrial and craft applications:
Bark fiber is used to make twine and coarse basketry (Maheshwari & Singh, 1984). The plant is noted among dye-yielding plants; leaf extracts provide brown shades on wool/cotton and bark/root extracts give yellowish-orange hues, reflecting tannin-rich extracts used historically as mordants and colorants (Jain & Arora, 1990; Saini & Garg, 1992).
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Not documented for food/beverage use in reliable literature for this taxon.
Colorants and tanning:
Leaf extracts yield brown dyes; bark/root extracts supply yellowish to brownish colorants on textiles and may act as mordants. These properties are attributable to hydrolyzable tannins and polyphenolics that enable fiber dyeing (Jain & Arora, 1990; Saini & Garg, 1992).
Wood and fiber:
Wood is locally used as fuel; available descriptions note its suitability as fuelwood rather than structural timber (Maheshwari & Singh, 1984).
Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses.
Properties relevant to use:
Plant fibers are lignocellulosic, suited to low-tech rope and basketry. Tannins (hydrolyzable, gallotannin-dominant) and polyphenols underpin brown/yellow dye uptake and mordanting (Jain & Arora, 1990).
Standards and regulation:
No specific standards are reported for Microcos paniculata fiber, dyes, or tannins.
Sustainability and sourcing:
As a tropical small tree/shrub with moderate growth and fuelwood use, overharvesting of bark for fiber and dye risks localized depletion; sustainable harvesting and regeneration practices are advisable where harvest is significant.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Microcos glabra | Jack | Malayan Misc. 1(1): 14 (1820) |
| Microcos nervosa | (Lour.) S.Y.Hu | J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 79 (1988) |
| Microcos mala | Buch.-Ham. | Trans. Linn. Soc. London 13: 549 (1822) |
| Arsis rugosa | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 335 (1790) |
| Fallopia nervosa | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. 1: 336. 1790 [Sep 1790] |
| Grewia affinis | Lindl. | Trans. Hort. Soc. London 6: 265 (1826) |
| Grewia muenterii | Walp. | Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 362 (1842) |
| Grewia nervosa | (Lour.) Panigrahi | Taxon 34: 702 (1985) |
| Grewia microcos | L. | Syst. Nat. ed. 12 , 2: 602 (1767) |
| Grewia ulmifolia | Roxb. | Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 2: 591 (1832) |
| Grewia microcos var. rugosa | Wall. ex Mast. |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | shiral |
| Bengali | পিছন্দি |
| Malayalam | കൊട്ടക്ക |
| Burmese | မြရာ |
| Vietnamese | cò ke |
| Chinese | 破布叶（破布树） |
| Chinese | 破布木 |
| Chinese | 破布叶 |
| Chinese | 布渣叶 |
| Chinese | 火布麻 |
| Chinese | 破布葉 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
-
Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Nicobar Nicobar
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000451652 |
| UNII | R3RLZ0891N |
| Tropicos | 32200817 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:834845-1 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 151053 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 197124 |
| IUCN Red List | 147630243 |
| IPNI | 834845-1 |
| GBIF | 4259928 |
| Freebase | /m/04jnq0k |
| USDA GRIN | 402631 |
| Wikipedia | Microcos_paniculata |
| CMAUP | NPO2350 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_030664755.1 | ASM3066475v1 | Chromosome | Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) | 2023-08-07 | 35 | 380.41 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| Liriodenine | 10144 | Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C3=C4C(=C2)C=CN=C4C(=O)C5=CC=CC=C53 | 275.26 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acids | |||||
| p-Hydroxybenzoate | 54675830 | Click to see | 137.11 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives | |||||
| 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate | 54694262 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1[O-])OC)C(=O)O | 197.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / M-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Vanillate | 54675858 | Click to see | 167.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Isovanillic Acid | 12575 | Click to see | 168.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| Kobusin | 182278 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)OC | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sesamin | 72307 | Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 | 354.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Polyprenols | |||||
| (2Z,6Z,10Z,14Z,18Z,22Z,26Z,30Z,34E,38E,42E)-3,7,11,15,19,23,27,31,35,39,43,47-dodecamethyloctatetraconta-2,6,10,14,18,22,26,30,34,38,42,46-dodecaen-1-ol | 14380582 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C)C | 835.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Abscisic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (2Z,4E)-5-deuterio-5-[(1S,6S)-1-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxo-6-(trideuteriomethyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3-methylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid | 11973680 | Click to see | 268.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aS,14bR)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one | 11870449 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11-Hydroxy-10-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 137796426 | Click to see | 648.90 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| 2,3-Dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-oic acid | 3694932 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| Eucalyptolic acid | 102004763 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)C)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 648.90 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| Friedelinol | 101341 | Click to see CC1C(CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O | 428.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Maslinic Acid | 73659 | Click to see | 472.70 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| methyl (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11R,12aR,14bS)-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 163194883 | Click to see | 648.90 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| Methyl 11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-10-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxy]-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 162982835 | Click to see | 648.90 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Npc196776 | 50930798 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| Hex-2-ulofuranosyl hexopyranoside | 1115 | Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O | 342.30 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| Sucrose | 5988 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| Isololiolide | 11019783 | Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C | 196.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| (3E,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one | 11301366 | Click to see | 310.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3Z,4S,5S)-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-tetradecylideneoxolan-2-one | 11681139 | Click to see | 310.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans | |||||
| Testolactone | 13769 | Click to see | 300.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines | |||||
| (2R,3R,6R)-6-[(1E,3E,5E)-deca-1,3,5-trienyl]-3-methoxy-1,2-dimethylpiperidine | 11623265 | Click to see | 277.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00025-X |
| 6-Deca-1,3,5-trienyl-3-methoxy-1,2-dimethylpiperidine | 73033094 | Click to see | 277.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00025-X |
| Microcosamine A | 25140000 | Click to see | 249.39 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| Microgrewiapine A | 71576920 | Click to see | 263.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| Microgrewiapine A 3-Acetate | 71578973 | Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CC1CCC(C(N1C)C)OC(=O)C | 305.50 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| Microgrewiapine B | 71578971 | Click to see | 279.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| Microgrewiapine C | 71578972 | Click to see | 279.40 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Cuscuta propenamide 1 | 10403282 | Click to see | 313.30 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3580017/ |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 4-O-Benzyl-caffeic Acid Methyl Ester | 71313841 | Click to see | 284.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ferulate | 54691413 | Click to see | 193.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Caffeate | 689075 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol | 1203 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6257753/ |
| l-Epicatechol | 255538 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| 6-beta-D-Glucopyranosyl-4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone | 44257794 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovitexin | 162350 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Vitexin-7-olate | 49791957 | Click to see | 431.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3,5-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate | 25202413 | Click to see | 315.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |