Lophira alata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffd6675dad012418275 |
| Scientific name | Lophira alata |
| Authority | Banks ex C.F.Gaertn. |
| First published in | Suppl. Carp. : 52 (1805) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Sawn timber for lumber, construction, and joinery.
- Veneer and plywood for interior paneling and furniture.
- Tannin‑rich bark for leather tanning (condensed tannins).
- Charcoal production from the high‑calorific wood.
- Wood pulp for paper (kraft pulp) owing to high lignin content.
Industrial and craft applications:
- Heavy construction timbers (beams, bridge decks, pilings, railway sleepers) exploit natural durability.
- Flooring and decking need high strength and termite resistance.
- Furniture, cabinetry, and interior joinery use the reddish‑brown heartwood.
- Boat hulls, marine pilings, and other maritime structures benefit from moisture resistance.
- Musical instrument parts and specialty woodcraft value acoustic properties.
Colorants and tanning:
- The bark contains condensed tannins used in leather tanning.
- Wood extractives provide a brownish hue for natural textile dye.
Wood and fiber:
- Heartwood reddish‑brown, sapwood pale; density 0.85–0.95 g cm⁻³ and Janka hardness ≈5–7 kN, indicating strong performance.
- Lignin content (~30 % of dry mass) supports kraft pulp production.
- Extractives (polyphenols, resin acids) give natural insect and decay resistance.
Properties relevant to use:
- High density and hardness enable load‑bearing structures.
- Natural durability reduces the need for chemical preservatives.
- Good dimensional stability after drying allows fine finishing and veneer work.
- Calorific value (~30 MJ kg⁻¹) favors charcoal production.
Standards and regulation:
- ISO 24294 classifies timber and defines testing protocols; ISO 13061 covers density measurement.
- National timber regulations (e.g., Ghana Forestry Commission Act, Nigeria Forestry Regulations) impose harvest quotas and export permits.
- Certification schemes such as FSC and PEFC require traceability and responsible harvesting practices.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Slow maturation (>80 years) limits plantations; most supply comes from natural forests.
- Over‑harvesting has prompted selective logging, community‑based forest management, and export controls.
- Certification and adherence to ITTO guidelines aim to balance commercial demand with conservation.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lophira simplex | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 814 (1831) |
| Lophira barberi | Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 15: 186 (1901) |
| Lophira africana | Loud. ex G.Don | Gen. Hist. 1: 814 (1831) |
| Lophira procera | A.Chev. | Vég. Ut. Afr. Trop. Franç. 5: 154 (1909) |
| Lophira alata var. procera | (A.Chev.) Burtt Davy | Forest Trees Timbers Brit. Emp. 2: 78 1933 |
| Lophira barteri | Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 15: 186 (1901) |
| Lophira macrophylla | Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 15: 186 (1901) |
| Lophira thollonii | Tiegh. | J. Bot. (Morot) 15: 187 (1901) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | azobe |
| Spanish | lophira macrophylla |
| Spanish | lophira africana |
| Spanish | lophira barteri |
| Spanish | metel |
| Spanish | lophira procera |
| Spanish | lophira simplex |
| Czech | lofira křídlatá |
| Danish | jerntræ |
| Danish | azobé |
| German | azobé |
| German | bongosi |
| German | bongossi |
| German | lophira procera |
| German | azobe |
| Finnish | siipibongossipuu |
| French | azobe |
| French | azobé |
| Hausa | kujeme |
| Italian | azobè |
| Japanese | ボンゴシ |
| Japanese | アソベ |
| ln | bokole |
| Dutch | azobé |
| Dutch | azobe |
| Russian | Лофира крылатая |
| Russian | Лофира высокая |
| Russian | lophira procera |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Uganda
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Sudan
-
West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Nigeria
- Sierra Leone
-
West-central Tropical Africa
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- Zaïre
-
East Tropical Africa
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000443232 |
| Tropicos | 22800469 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:321039-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2493774 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 5750805 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 549775 |
| IUCN Red List | 33056 |
| IPNI | 321039-1 |
| iNaturalist | 186076 |
| GBIF | 3695610 |
| Freebase | /m/02xb9qm |
| EPPO | LOHAL |
| EOL | 5715979 |
| USDA GRIN | 22665 |
| Wikipedia | Lophira_alata |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzophenones | |||||
| Arugosin H | 11844239 | Click to see | 356.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50070A029 |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylmethanes | |||||
| (2R)-2-(7-hydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl)-3,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid | 101607250 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.55.1151 |
| Lophiraic acid | 5487419 | Click to see | 418.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.55.1151 |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans | |||||
| (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methanone | 162912725 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CC2C(C(OC2C3=C(C=C(C=C3)O)O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)O)O)O | 514.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82195-4 |
| (2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-[5-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methanone | 14162794 | Click to see | 514.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)82195-4 |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5S)-4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-2,5-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)oxolan-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone | 102056152 | Click to see | 528.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83612-3 |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5R)-5-[5-[(R)-[(2R,3R,3aR,4R,9bS)-7-hydroxy-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone | 162982736 | Click to see | 1011.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83733-F |
| [(2S,3S,4S,5R)-5-[5-[(S)-[(2S,3S,3aS,4S,9bR)-7-hydroxy-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone | 101634666 | Click to see | 1011.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83733-F |
| [(2S,3S,4S,5S)-5-[5-[(S)-[(2S,3S,3aS,4S,9bR)-7-hydroxy-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3,3a,4,9b-tetrahydro-2H-furo[3,2-c]chromen-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methanone | 101634667 | Click to see | 1011.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83733-F |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| Lithospermoside | 10065132 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC#N)C(C(C1O)O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 329.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-1978(02)00187-4 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Oxepanes | |||||
| (1S,2R,5R,8R,9S)-4,4,8-trimethyl-13-oxatricyclo[6.3.2.02,5]tridecane-1,9-diol | 163013188 | Click to see | 254.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83612-3 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / 2-arylbenzofuran flavonoids | |||||
| (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S)-3-[(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-methoxymethyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]prop-2-en-1-one | 101630348 | Click to see | 526.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)83612-3 |
| (E)-3-[(2R,3S)-3-[(S)-[5-[(R)-[5-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-[(2R,3S)-5-[(E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methyl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 162896689 | Click to see | 1503.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00832-1 |
| (E)-3-[3-[[5-[[5-[4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-[5-[(E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl]methyl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 16148290 | Click to see | 1503.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(99)00832-1 |
| (E)-3-[3-[[5-[4-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-yl]-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl]-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl]-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one | 16168529 | Click to see | 1009.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80198-N |
| Lophirone D | 14376455 | Click to see | 400.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50070A029 |
| Lophirone E | 14376454 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50070A029 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| (2,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-[5-[3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7,17-dihydroxy-11,21-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-10,12,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.014,19]henicosa-4(9),5,7,14(19),15,17-hexaen-6-yl]-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-3-yl]methanone | 162970838 | Click to see | 1009.00 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80198-N |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones | |||||
| 3-[5-[(E)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-2-hydroxyphenyl]-7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 14311191 | Click to see | 510.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50070A029 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Hydroxyflavonoids / 7-hydroxyflavonoids | |||||
| (E)-1-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-[4-hydroxy-3-[7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-chromen-3-yl]phenyl]prop-2-en-1-one | 14756397 | Click to see | 494.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50070A029 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones | |||||
| Lophirone A | 5488805 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(C3=COC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4)O)C(=O)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)O)O)O | 510.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB1961.55.1151 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |