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Symphonia globulifera

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ffcf46368e720721049
Scientific name Symphonia globulifera
Authority L.f.
First published in Suppl. Pl. : 302 (1782)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Symphonia globulifera L.f. is known in traditional systems as both a medicinal plant and a bitter “chewstick.” Among the Shuar of Amazonian Ecuador, a hot infusion of fresh leaves is taken for fever and dysentery, while a decoction of the inner bark is taken for stomach upset (de Boer andBoom in JETCA 1999; Schultes and Raffauf, 1990). In Guyana’s Rupununi savanna, Indigenous communities prepare a bark decoction to lower fevers and settle digestive complaints (Odonne et al., 2011). Along Brazil’s northeastern coast, residents make a leaf infusion for upset stomachs and “internal fevers,” a use long recorded by Penna (1909) and more recently summarized by Albuquerque et al. (2007). In West Africa, sticks from the terminal branches are chewed fresh as a toothbrush; in Ghana and Nigeria the stems are sometimes crushed and the juice or infusion used to rinse the mouth (van Andel et al., 2012; Chen and colleagues, 2014). These applications consistently involve leaves or bark in infusions or decoctions, and the chewing of stems for oral care.

To make a mild leaf tea, steep 5 g of dried young leaves in 200 mL of freshly boiled water for 10–15 minutes, then strain; this amount is intended for one moderate cup. Keep use short and avoid during pregnancy due to the lack of data on fetal safety.

Well‑studied constituents reported for S. globulifera include biflavonoids such as amentoflavone, xanthones including mangiferin and isomangiferin, benzophenones such as garcinol, and chlorogenic and related phenolic acids, all of which support antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties relevant to fever and gastrointestinal discomfort. Recent laboratory work shows antipyretic and anti‑inflammatory effects in experimental animals (Quattrocchi, 2012; Heinrich and Teoh, 2004; Koves et al., 2023; N’Gmany et al., 2023).

General Uses Top

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Wood and fiber:
The wood is used for general construction, flooring, carpentry, furniture, boatbuilding, and tool handles in tropical America and West Africa. The heartwood is medium to dark reddish-brown, with interlocked grain, and is valued for its durability and workability. Reported properties include high density, medium to high hardness, and moderate dimensional stability when properly dried.

Industrial and craft applications:
The species produces a gum-resin (oleoresin) used in varnishes and as a substitute for dammar. The resin hardens to a clear, brittle film and can be used as a spirit varnish or mixed with oils to produce hard, glossy coatings for wood and metal. It is also employed for caulking boats and other waterproofing applications.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Moronobea exserens Endl. ex Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst. 1: 394 (1842)
Symphonia gabonensis Pierre Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 1228 (1896)
Actinostigma speciosum Welw. Apont. : 560 (1859)
Aneuriscus aubletii C.Presl Symb. Bot. 1: 71 (1832)
Aneuriscus exserens C.Presl Symb. Bot. 1: 71 (1832)
Symphonia globulifera var. gabonensis Vesque Monogr. Phan. 8: 231 1893
Symphonia utilissima R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 17: 22, tab. 10. 1955
Moronobea globulifera Schltdl. Linnaea 8: 190 (1833)
Symphonia esculenta Arruda ex Choisy Prodr. 1: 563 (1824)
Symphonia globulifera var. major Diels Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 15: 49 (1940)
Symphonia globulifera var. angustifolia Maguire Phytologia 36: 393 (1977)
Symphonia globulifera var. macoubea Vesque Monogr. Phan. 8: 229 (1893)
Symphonia globulifera var. africana Vesque Monogr. Phan. 8: 291 (1893)
Symphonia gabonensis var. macrantha Hutch. & Dalziel Fl. W. Trop. Afr. 1: 235 (1927)
Symphonia microphylla R.E.Schult. Bot. Mus. Leafl. 17: 20 (1955)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Spanish varillo

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Chad
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Zambia
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Ghana
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Nigeria
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cabinda
      • Cameroon
      • Central African Republic
      • Congo
      • Equatorial Guinea
      • Gabon
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Southeast
      • Mexico Southwest
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
      • Brazil Northeast
      • Brazil Southeast
      • Brazil West-central
    • Caribbean
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • Costa Rica
      • Guatemala
      • Nicaragua
      • Panamá
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname
      • Venezuela
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia
      • Colombia
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000438147
Tropicos 7800762
INPN 630762
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:429281-1
The Plant List kew-2484835
Open Tree Of Life 978306
NCBI Taxonomy 156483
IUCN Red List 63072
IPNI 429281-1
iNaturalist 316836
GBIF 7330061
Freebase /m/0274hq5
EOL 5711937
USDA GRIN 36005
Wikipedia Symphonia_globulifera
CMAUP NPO8408
PaleoBotany 117490

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_965614385.1 Symphonia globulifera nuclear genome Scaffold Instituto de Ciencias Forestales 2025-07-07 17 358.69 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Estimation of contemporary effective population size in plant populations: Limitations of genomic datasets Gargiulo R, Decroocq V, González‐Martínez SC, Paz‐Vinas I, Aury J, Lesur Kupin I, Plomion C, Schmitt S, Scotti I, Heuertz M Evol Appl 03-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11069024
doi:10.1111/eva.13691
PMID:38707994
A Late Pleistocene coastal ecosystem in French Guiana was hyperdiverse relative to today Antoine PO, Wieringa LN, Adnet S, Aguilera O, Bodin SC, Cairns S, Conejeros-Vargas CA, Cornée JJ, Ežerinskis Ž, Fietzke J, Gribenski NO, Grouard S, Hendy A, Hoorn C, Joannes-Boyau R, Langer MR, Luque J, Marivaux L, Moissette P, Nooren K, Quillévéré F, Šapolaitė J, Sciumbata M, Valla PG, Witteveen NH, Casanova A, Clavier S, Bidgrain P, Gallay M, Rhoné M, Heuret A Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10998618
doi:10.1073/pnas.2311597121
PMID:38527199
Amazonian useful plants described in the book “Le Pays des Amazones” (1885) of the Brazilian propagandist Baron de Santa-Anna Nery: a historical and ethnobotanical perspective Silva LN, Oliveira EC, Baratto LC J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 26-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10897987
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00663-2
PMID:38409064
Anti-Leishmania compounds can be screened using Leishmania spp. expressing red fluorescence (tdTomato) Cruz MG, Santi AM, de Morais-Teixeira E, Caldeira AS, de Siqueira EP, Oliveira E, Alves TM, Murta SM Antimicrob Agents Chemother 08-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10777850
doi:10.1128/aac.00509-23
PMID:38063403
Brazilian Amazon Red Propolis: Leishmanicidal Activity and Chemical Composition of a New Variety of Red Propolis Dutra RP, de Sousa MM Jr, Mignoni MS, de Oliveira KG, Pereira EB, Figueredo AS, da Costa AA, Dias TG, Vasconcelos CC, Silva LA, Reis AS, Lopes AJ Metabolites 21-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10535413
doi:10.3390/metabo13091027
PMID:37755307
First estimates of fine root production in tropical peat swamp and terra firme forests of the central Congo Basin Sciumbata M, Wenina YE, Mbemba M, Dargie GC, Baird AJ, Morris PJ, Ifo SA, Aerts R, Lewis SL Sci Rep 29-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10387053
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38409-x
PMID:37516765
Different routes for the construction of biologically active diversely functionalized bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes: an exploration of new perspectives for anticancer chemotherapeutics Roy N, Das R, Paira R, Paira P RSC Adv 25-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10369265
doi:10.1039/d3ra02003g
PMID:37501776
Allometric equation for Raphia laurentii De Wild, the commonest palm in the central Congo peatlands Bocko YE, Panzou GJ, Dargie GC, Mampouya YE, Mbemba M, Loumeto JJ, Lewis SL PLoS One 14-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10104305
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273591
PMID:37058461
Improvement of the In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect on HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells by Combining 5-Fluorouacil and Fluphenazine with Green, Red or Brown Propolis Falcão SI, Duarte D, Diallo M, Santos J, Ribeiro E, Vale N, Vilas-Boas M Molecules 12-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10145548
doi:10.3390/molecules28083393
PMID:37110626
Constituents of the Stem Bark of Symphonia globulifera Linn. f. with Antileishmanial and Antibacterial Activities Nguengang RT, Tchegnitegni BT, Nono EC, Bellier Tabekoueng G, Fongang YS, Bankeu JJ, Chouna JR, Nkenfou CN, Fekam FB, Sewald N, Lenta BN Molecules 08-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10053230
doi:10.3390/molecules28062473
PMID:36985446
Brazilian Brown Propolis: an Overview About Its Chemical Composition, Botanical Sources, Quality Control, and Pharmacological Properties Ribeiro VP, Mejia JA, Rodrigues DM, Alves GR, de Freitas Pinheiro AM, Tanimoto MH, Bastos JK, Ambrósio SR Rev Bras Farmacogn 24-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9955532
doi:10.1007/s43450-023-00374-x
PMID:36908300
Xanthones: Biosynthesis and Trafficking in Plants, Fungi and Lichens Badiali C, Petruccelli V, Brasili E, Pasqua G Plants (Basel) 04-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9967055
doi:10.3390/plants12040694
PMID:36840041
Genome-wide characterization leading to simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers development in Shorea robusta Mishra G, Meena RK, Kant R, Pandey S, Ginwal HS, Bhandari MS Funct Integr Genomics 28-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9883139
doi:10.1007/s10142-023-00975-8
PMID:36707443
The Role of Propolis as a Natural Product with Potential Gastric Cancer Treatment Properties: A Systematic Review Rivera-Yañez N, Ruiz-Hurtado PA, Rivera-Yañez CR, Arciniega-Martínez IM, Yepez-Ortega M, Mendoza-Arroyo B, Rebollar-Ruíz XA, Méndez-Cruz AR, Reséndiz-Albor AA, Nieto-Yañez O Foods 16-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9858610
doi:10.3390/foods12020415
PMID:36673507
Potential in vitro anti-periodontopathogenic, anti-Chikungunya activities and in vivo toxicity of Brazilian red propolis Silva NB, de Souza JH, Santiago MB, da Silva Aguiar JR, Martins DO, da Silva RA, de Andrade Santos I, Aldana-Mejía JA, Jardim AC, dos Santos Pedroso R, Ambrósio SR, Veneziani RC, Bastos JK, Pires RH, Martins CH Sci Rep 07-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9729292
doi:10.1038/s41598-022-24776-4
PMID:36477635

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives
6-Oxopristimerol 11754914 Click to see CC1=C2C(=CC(=C1O)O)C3(CCC4(C5CC(CCC5(CCC4(C3=CC2=O)C)C)(C)C(=O)OC)C)C 480.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Zeylasterone 13945472 Click to see 510.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
CID 596370 596370 Click to see 164.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans
(-)-3,4-Divanillyltetrahydrofuran 9974771 Click to see 344.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
6S,9R-Roseoside 9930064 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1S,4S,5S,9S,10R,13R,14R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,14-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecan-14-ol 101297703 Click to see 306.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
(+)-Isoxanthochymol 14282765 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C 602.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3R,8S,10S)-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-[(2S)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-4-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodec-5-ene-7,12-dione 162857093 Click to see 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3R,9R,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 101514310 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC(C(C)(C)O)O)C 636.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3R,9R,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 46849358 Click to see 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3S,8S,10S)-6-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-[(2S)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-4-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodec-5-ene-7,12-dione 162857094 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C(=C3C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC(O3)C(C)(C)O)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CC(CC=C(C)C)C(=C)C)C 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3S,9R,11R)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-11-[(E)-3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl]-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 46849357 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(C(C2=O)(C(=O)C(=C3OC1(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CC=C(C)C)(C)C)C=CC(C)(C)O)C 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3S,9R,11R)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-11-[(1E)-3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl]-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 46849195 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(C(C2=O)(C(=O)C(=C3OC1(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CC=C(C)C)(C)C)C=CC(=C)C)C 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3S,9R,11S)-7-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9,11-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 46849194 Click to see 586.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
6-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-11,11-dimethyl-10-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-8-(5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl)-4-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.01,5]dodec-5-ene-7,12-dione 75220982 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C(=C3C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC(O3)C(C)(C)O)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)CC(CC=C(C)C)C(=C)C)C 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3-Hydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9,11-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 75220832 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)O)(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C 586.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-11-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 75220909 Click to see 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-(2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 75220910 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC(C(C)(C)O)O)C 636.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-9,11-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 74412776 Click to see 618.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-11-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 75220833 Click to see 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-Epi-Isogarcinol 25242772 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C 602.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(1R,5R,7R,8S)-3-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-4-hydroxy-8-methyl-1,5,7-tris(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-8-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]non-3-ene-2,9-dione 139071568 Click to see CC(=CCCC1(C(CC2(C(=O)C(=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C(=O)C1(C2=O)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C)C 602.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.4314/BCSE.V18I2.61439
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
Guttiferone A 5352090 Click to see 602.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149078/
Guttiferone C 5469793 Click to see 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
Guttiferone D 5469794 Click to see 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,3E,5S)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-1,7-bis[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione 5469792 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C(=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C(=O)C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
(1R,5S,7R)-3-[(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-hydroxymethylidene]-1,7-bis[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-6,6-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,4,9-trione 101180770 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C(=C(C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O)C(=O)C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)CC=C(C)CCC=C(C)C)C)C 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
(1S,3S,9R,11S)-7-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-11-[(2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl]-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 46849196 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCC1CC23CC(C(OC2=C(C(=O)C(C3=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C(=O)C4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)(C)C)CC=C(C)C)C)C 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
7-(3,4-Dihydroxybenzoyl)-11-(3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienyl)-4,4,10,10-tetramethyl-3,9-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-5-oxatricyclo[7.3.1.01,6]tridec-6-ene-8,13-dione 75220834 Click to see 670.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aS,9R,11R,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta(a)chrysene-9,11-diol 13969554 Click to see 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,3aS,4S,5aR,5bR,7aR,9R,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9-diol 44178931 Click to see 458.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1R,4S,5R,10R,13R,14R,15S,19S,22R)-19-hydroperoxy-4,7,7,10,13,18,18-heptamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[13.7.2.01,14.04,13.05,10.017,22]tetracos-16-ene 101481671 Click to see 456.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(1S,2S,4S,5R,6S,9S,10R,11R,14R,15S,18S,23R)-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-10-(hydroxymethyl)-6,10,14,15,21,21-hexamethyl-3,24-dioxaheptacyclo[16.5.2.01,15.02,4.05,14.06,11.018,23]pentacosan-25-one 45270111 Click to see 780.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
(1S,3aS,4S,5aS,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13b-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene-4,9-diol 44178932 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C1C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,11R,12aR,14aR,14bS)-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14a-heptamethyl-1,2,3,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-ol 13918509 Click to see CC1(C(CCC2C1=CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)CO)C)C)C)C)O)C 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aS,10S,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 51892422 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
3-Epiglochidiol 488250 Click to see 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 619166 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
3alpha,16beta-Dihydroxylupa-12-ene 44179020 Click to see CC(C)C1CCC2(C1C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Calenduladiol 461835 Click to see 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Friedelin 91472 Click to see 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Lupeol 259846 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C 426.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Oleanolic Acid 10494 Click to see 456.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
https://doi.org/10.4314/BCSE.V18I2.61439
Paniculatadiol 101286253 Click to see 442.70 unknown via CMAUP database
Pristimerin 159516 Click to see 464.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Resinone 101316848 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)C)C 440.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids
(E)-N-[(3S,4R,8S,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-17-[(1S)-1-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-4-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]-2-methylbut-2-enamide 11154961 Click to see CC=C(C)C(=O)NC1CCC2(C3CCC4(C(C3CC=C2C1O)CCC4C(C)N(C)C)C)C 442.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid acids
3-[(3S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12S,13S,14R,15R)-12-hydroxy-4,9,10,13-tetramethyl-3-propan-2-yl-15-prop-1-en-2-yl-2,3,5,6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-4-yl]propanoic acid 44179021 Click to see 458.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Bufanolides and derivatives
5-[3-[5-[3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-8,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,6,7,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]pyran-2-one 162934223 Click to see 870.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins / Cucurbitacin glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(1S,3R,6S,8R,9S,11S,12S,14S,15R,16R)-9,14-dihydroxy-15-[(2R,5S)-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-6-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate 162964060 Click to see 841.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122544 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[(3-hydroxy-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-10-oxatricyclo[6.2.2.02,6]dodecan-12-yl)oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 162906174 Click to see CC1CC(C2C1CC3C(CC2(OC3(C)C)C)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 416.50 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149078/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans
Isololiolide 11019783 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1=CC(=O)O2)C)O)C 196.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
(1S,13S,15S)-5,6-dihydroxy-16,16-dimethyl-1,15-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-13-[(2S)-5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl]-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4(9),5,7-tetraene-10,12,17-trione 162875992 Click to see CC(=CCC1CC2(C(=O)C3=C(C(C2=O)(C1(C)C)CC=C(C)C)OC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4O)O)CC(CC=C(C)C)C(=C)C)C 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
(1S,3S,6S,17S,19S)-6,12,13-trihydroxy-18,18-dimethyl-3,17,19-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-methylidene-15-oxapentacyclo[15.3.1.01,6.07,16.09,14]henicosa-7(16),9(14),10,12-tetraene-8,21-dione 163042865 Click to see 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
1,2,5,6-Tetrahydroxy-4-(2-methylbut-3-EN-2-YL)xanthen-9-one 15292820 Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC(=C3O)O)O)O 328.30 unknown via CMAUP database
1,6-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbuta-1,3-dienyl)xanthen-9-one 78385682 Click to see 324.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
5,6-Dihydroxy-16,16-dimethyl-1,15-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-13-(5-methyl-2-prop-1-en-2-ylhex-4-enyl)-3-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.04,9]heptadeca-2(11),4(9),5,7-tetraene-10,12,17-trione 162875991 Click to see 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
6,12,13-Trihydroxy-18,18-dimethyl-3,17,19-tris(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-4-methylidene-15-oxapentacyclo[15.3.1.01,6.07,16.09,14]henicosa-7(16),9(14),10,12-tetraene-8,21-dione 163042864 Click to see 600.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2010.03.008
Globulixanthone A 5323527 Click to see 324.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
Globuxanthone 60148490 Click to see CC(C)(C=C)C1=CC(=C(C2=C1OC3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O)O 312.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 2-prenylated xanthones
1,6-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one 5317658 Click to see 326.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00222-4
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
6,11-Dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one 493305 Click to see 378.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00085-5
6,11-Dihydroxy-9,10-dimethoxy-3,3-dimethyl-5-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[2,3-c]xanthen-7-one 11561211 Click to see 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
https://doi.org/10.4314/BCSE.V18I2.61439
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / 4-prenylated xanthones
1,3,5-Trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-2,4-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)xanthen-9-one 132989344 Click to see 440.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
2,2-Dimethyl-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-10-(1,2,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-9-oxoxanthen-4-yl)pyrano[2,3-b]xanthen-11-one 5317659 Click to see 618.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00222-4
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
5,9,10-Trihydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-12-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)pyrano[3,2-b]xanthen-6-one 11859087 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC4=C(C3=O)C=CC(=C4O)O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C 394.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149078/
Gaboxanthone 11704807 Click to see CC(=CCC1=C2C(=C(C3=C1OC4=C(C(=C(C=C4C3=O)OC)OC)O)O)C=CC(O2)(C)C)C 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones / Pyranoxanthones
(3R)-6,11-dihydroxy-3-methyl-3-(4-methylpent-3-enyl)pyrano[3,2-a]xanthen-12-one 162866813 Click to see 378.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
Globulixanthone B 10452251 Click to see 378.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
Globulixanthone C 5317656 Click to see CC1(C=CC2=C(O1)C=C(C3=C2OC4=C(C3=O)C(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C 326.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP010478W
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00222-4
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149078/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins
3-[(1R)-1-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-7-hydroxy-6,8-dimethoxychromen-2-one 162851267 Click to see 358.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)89039-6
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6149078/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
Aigialomycin E 11727360 Click to see CC1CC=CC(C(CCC=CC2=C(C(=CC(=C2)O)O)C(=O)O1)O)O 334.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2005.11.004

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