Chrysobalanus icaco, also known as cocoplum, paradise plum, abajeru or icaco, is a low shrub or bushy tree found in tropical regions of Africa, the Americas, and the Caribbean. It is an evergreen plant that can also be found on other tropical islands, where it has become an invasive species. There is some disagreement among taxonomists about the number of subspecies or varieties of this plant, but it is recognized to have two ecotypes - an inland and a coastal variety. Both the fruit and the seed of this plant are edible. The fruit is variable in shape and color, with the coastal form being round and the inland form being oval. The fruit is often used for jam and the seed is ground into a powder and used as a spice in West African cuisine. Chrysobalanus icaco is commonly used as an ornamental shrub in subtropical regions due to its appearance, manageable size, and tolerance of different soils and partial shade. It has also been found to have medicinal properties, including being hypoglycemic, antioxidant, and antifungal.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Chrysobalanus icaco var. pellocarpus	(G.Mey.) Souza	Ann. Univ. Abidjan, C 15: 104 (1979 publ. 1980):.
Prunus icaco	Labat	Itin. Am. 3: 30 1722

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	coco plant
English	icaco coco plum
English	icaco
English	cocoplum
English	coco plum
Catalan	cocoplum
Persian	آلوی کاکائو
French	icaquier
ht	ponm zikak
Italian	hicaco, icaco
Japanese	ココプラム
Korean	코코플럼
koi	Икако
kv	Икако
lbe	Икако
mrj	Икако
Norwegian Bokmål	kokosplommetre
Dutch	ikakopruim
Portuguese	guajuru
Portuguese	abajeru
Russian	Икако
Russian	Слива золотая
udm	Икако
Chinese	可可梅
Chinese	一口可梅

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Chrysobalanus icaco subsp. atacorensis	(A.Chev.) F.White	Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 46: 275 (1976)
Chrysobalanus icaco subsp. icaco		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Tanzania
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
  - Zambia
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Equatorial Guinea
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Seychelles

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indo-China
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Malaya

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Central
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- South-central Pacific
  - Marquesas
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Samoa

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Bermuda
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Venezuelan Antilles
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000830291
UNII	4KMY5K3W2Y
Florida Plant Atlas	2765
USDA Plants	CHIC
Tropicos	7400184
INPN	447078
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:722181-1
The Plant List	kew-367588
Open Tree Of Life	1083430
NCBI Taxonomy	22978
Nature Serve	2.139262
IUCN Red List	72231760
IPNI	722181-1
iNaturalist	160544
GBIF	2985082
Freebase	/m/08ymyp
EPPO	CBLIC
EOL	629655
USDA GRIN	10397
Wikipedia	Chrysobalanus_icaco

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Anticancer properties and metabolomic profiling of Shorea roxburghii extracts toward gastrointestinal cancer cell lines

Janthamala S, Promraksa B, Thanee M, Duenngai K, Jusakul A, Kongpetch S, Kraiklang R, Thanee K, Pinlaor P, Namwat N, Saya H, Techasen A

BMC Complement Med Ther

30-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11061966
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04479-1
PMID:	38689275

Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918603
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:	38455154

Pest categorisation of Diaprepes abbreviatus

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

15-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10648563
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8318
PMID:	38027434

Paradigms and Success Stories of Natural Products in Drug Discovery Against Neurodegenerative Disorders (NDDs)

Singh S, Chib S, Akhtar MJ, Kumar B, Chawla PA, Bhatia R

Curr Neuropharmacol

06-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10964107
doi:	10.2174/1570159X21666230105110834
PMID:	36606589

Patterns of use of wild food plants by Brazilian local communities: systematic review and meta-analysis

Gomes LC, Medeiros PM, Prata AP

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10601232
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00619-y
PMID:	37880767

Biosecurity and Management Strategies for Economically Important Exotic Tephritid Fruit Fly Species in Australia

Hoskins JL, Rempoulakis P, Stevens MM, Dominiak BC

Insects

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10607784
doi:	10.3390/insects14100801
PMID:	37887813

Macro and trace element compositions and physicochemical parameters of guajiru fruits (Chrysobalanus icaco l.) from two Brazilian states

de Melo Rodrigues YJ, dos Santos NR, Lordelo Guimarães Tavares PP, Eugênia de Oliveira Mamede M, Menezes-Filho JA

Heliyon

22-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10520804
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20291
PMID:	37767506

Effect of the Aqueous Extract of Chrysobalanus icaco Leaves on Maternal Reproductive Outcomes and Fetal Development in Wistar Rats

Rodrigues NE, Oliveira AR, Lima SM, Nunes DM, de Albuquerque PB, da Cunha MD, Wanderley AG, Júnior FM, Silva JB, Teixeira ÁA, da Silva TG

Curr Issues Mol Biol

19-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10529352
doi:	10.3390/cimb45090479
PMID:	37754263

TeloBase: a community-curated database of telomere sequences across the tree of life

Lyčka M, Bubeník M, Závodník M, Peska V, Fajkus P, Demko M, Fajkus J, Fojtová M

Nucleic Acids Res

21-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10767889
doi:	10.1093/nar/gkad672
PMID:	37602392

Precision Horticulture: Application of Optical Sensor Technology for Nitrogen Monitoring Status in Cocoplum, a Native Landscaping Plant

Costa BN, Tucker DA, Khoddamzadeh AA

Plants (Basel)

08-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9959769
doi:	10.3390/plants12040760
PMID:	36840108

Identification and Analysis of Metabolites That Contribute to the Formation of Distinctive Flavour Components of Laoxianghuang

Chen X, Lin L, Cai H, Gao X

Foods

16-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9858094
doi:	10.3390/foods12020425
PMID:	36673517

Tri‐trophic interactions among Fopius arisanus, Tephritid species and host plants suggest apparent competition

Moquet L, Jobart B, Fontaine R, Delatte H

Ecol Evol

11-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9834009
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9742
PMID:	36644698

From single- to multi-omics: future research trends in medicinal plants

Yang L, Yang Y, Huang L, Cui X, Liu Y

Brief Bioinform

22-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9851310
doi:	10.1093/bib/bbac485
PMID:	36416120

Potential therapeutic use of plant flavonoids in AD and PD

Meng-zhen S, Ju L, Lan-chun Z, Cai-feng D, Shu-da Y, Hao-fei Y, Wei-yan H

Heliyon

07-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9660604
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11440
PMID:	36387565

Phytochemical Analysis, Total Phenolic, Flavonoid Contents, and Anticancer Evaluations of Solvent Extracts and Saponins of H. digitata

Alshehri OM, Alshamrani S, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MM, Khan JA, Shah M, Alshehri MA, Zafar R, Zahoor M, Jan MS, Hassan SS, Sadiq A

Biomed Res Int

04-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9553491
doi:	10.1155/2022/9051678
PMID:	36246962

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
(2e)-7-Phenylhepta-2-en-4,6-diyn-1-yl acetate	23274467	Click to see CC(=O)OCC=CC#CC#CC1=CC=CC=C1	224.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
9,11,13-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester	27746	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	292.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
alpha-Eleostearic acid	5281115	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
cis-Parinaric acid methyl ester	91699935	Click to see CCC=CC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	290.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
Methyl 4-oxooctadeca-9,11,13-trienoate	53680500	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCC(=O)CCC(=O)OC	306.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
Methyl alpha-eleostearate	21718552	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC	292.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
Octadeca-9,11,13-trienoic acid	93077	Click to see CCCCC=CC=CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O	278.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
ent-15-Oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid	392454	Click to see CC12CCCC(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(=C)C4=O)(C)C(=O)O	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CHIN.199136246
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Flamvelutpenoid D	57327793	Click to see CC1(C(=O)CC(C1(C)C2=CC(=O)C(CC2=O)(C)O)O)C	280.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
CID 3838010	3838010	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
Pomolic acid	382831	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1(C)O)C)C(=O)O	472.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3835(02)00593-1 https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
5-Cholestene-3-ol, 24-methyl-	312822	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
Campesterol	173183	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	122544	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
Beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
Rha(a1-6)L-Glc(b)-O-Bn	162995017	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O	416.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(2R,4bR,6aS,12bS,12cS,14aS)-4b-deoxy-beta-aflatrem	139585245	Click to see CC1(C2C(=O)C=C3C4CCC5CC6=C(C5(C4(CCC3(O2)O1)C)C)NC7=C6C=C(C=C7)C(C)(C)C=C)C	485.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(67)90012-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Rhamnocitrin	5320946	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC(=C(C2=O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-011-9953-X

Biological Material Top

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Chrysobalanus icaco

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top