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Knema laurina

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643ff3ad26047829548457
Scientific name Knema laurina
Authority (Blume) Warb.
First published in Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 606 (1897)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Seeds yield a hard fat (seed oil) that is extracted for industrial applications. The wood is used locally as general-purpose timber and in small-scale craft and construction.

Industrial and craft applications:
The seed fat is suitable for soap making due to its high content of saturated triglycerides and associated soap stock (saponifiable matter). Reported characteristics include high saponification value (about 200–210 mg KOH/g), relatively high iodine value (about 30–60 g I2/100 g) and a slip melting point around 30–40 °C, which facilitate saponification and offer consistent hardness in soap bars. The wood is employed for light framing, interior joinery, cooperage, carving, tool handles, and boat planking where moderate durability and workability are adequate.

Wood and fiber:
Wood is light hardwood with straight to interlocked grain, fine to medium texture, and generally low resin exudation that simplifies machining. It is amenable to sawing, planing, turning, and finishing with conventional adhesives and coatings, enabling its use in furniture and joinery without extensive preprocessing.

Properties relevant to use:
Seed fat properties—high saponification value, moderate iodine value, and melting point in the low-to-mid thermal range—enable ready conversion to soap stocks and provide the physical characteristics needed for soap formulation. The wood’s air-dry density in the moderate range, low natural durability when exposed to soil or continuous moisture, and moderate dimensional stability with low tangential/radial shrinkage ratio support its use in indoor, above-ground applications and in craft items with appropriate finishing.

Standards and regulation:
Timber and wood products are subject to applicable national timber grading and trade regulations. Seed oil and products intended for human consumption (if any) are covered by food-grade processing, safety, and labeling requirements of national food authorities.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Knema laurina is harvested from natural forest stands in Southeast Asia and may be collected in mixed woodland mosaics. Selective logging and management that maintain species representation are recommended to avoid overharvesting. Seed fat yields vary among trees, and oil extraction is typically small-scale, suggesting interest in conservation-oriented harvest planning and potential cultivation on a trial basis.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Knema cantleyi Warb. Nova Acta Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 68: 554 (1897)
Myristica cantleyi Hook.f. Fl. Brit. India 5: 110 (1886)
Myristica laurina Blume Rumphia 1: 189 (1837)
Palala cantleyi Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 567 (1891)
Palala laurina Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 567 (1891)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Indonesian mendarahan
Malay pokok darah-darah kerantu

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Knema laurina var. heteropilis W.J.de Wilde Blumea 25: 381 (1979)
Knema laurina var. laurina Unknown

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Myanmar
      • Nicobar Nicobar
      • Thailand
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Malaya
      • Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000356809
Tropicos 21800235
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:585881-1
Open Tree Of Life 206501
NCBI Taxonomy 224862
IPNI 585881-1
iNaturalist 426968
GBIF 7333634
Wikipedia Knema_laurina

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Multifunctional role of natural products for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease: At a glance Rahman MM, Wang X, Islam MR, Akash S, Supti FA, Mitu MI, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Aktar MN, Khatun Kali MS, Jahan FI, Singla RK, Shen B, Rauf A, Sharma R Front Pharmacol 06-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9590378
doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.976385
PMID:36299886
Antimicrobial Properties of Compounds Isolated from Syzygium malaccense (L.) Merr. and L.M. Perry and Medicinal Plants Used in French Polynesia Quenon C, Hennebelle T, Butaud JF, Ho R, Samaillie J, Neut C, Lehartel T, Rivière C, Siah A, Bonneau N, Sahpaz S, Anthérieu S, Lebegue N, Raharivelomanana P, Roumy V Life (Basel) 14-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9147835
doi:10.3390/life12050733
PMID:35629400
Metabolomic Profiling of Malaysian and New Zealand Honey Using Concatenated NMR and HRMS Datasets Yusoff YM, Abbott G, Young L, Edrada-Ebel R Metabolites 17-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8781004
doi:10.3390/metabo12010085
PMID:35050207
Putative Anticancer Compounds from Plant-Derived Endophytic Fungi: A Review Hridoy M, Gorapi MZ, Noor S, Chowdhury NS, Rahman MM, Muscari I, Masia F, Adorisio S, Delfino DV, Mazid MA Molecules 04-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8746379
doi:10.3390/molecules27010296
PMID:35011527
Endophytic Fungi—Alternative Sources of Cytotoxic Compounds: A Review Uzma F, Mohan CD, Hashem A, Konappa NM, Rangappa S, Kamath PV, Singh BP, Mudili V, Gupta VK, Siddaiah CN, Chowdappa S, Alqarawi AA, Abd_Allah EF Front Pharmacol 26-Apr-2018
PMCID:PMC5932204
doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.00309
PMID:29755344
A Potential Alternative against Neurodegenerative Diseases: Phytodrugs Pérez-Hernández J, Zaldívar-Machorro VJ, Villanueva-Porras D, Vega-Ávila E, Chavarría A Oxid Med Cell Longev 06-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC4736801
doi:10.1155/2016/8378613
PMID:26881043
Natural AChE Inhibitors from Plants and their Contribution to Alzheimer’s Disease Therapy Murray AP, Faraoni MB, Castro MJ, Alza NP, Cavallaro V Curr Neuropharmacol 01-Jul-2013
PMCID:PMC3744903
doi:10.2174/1570159X11311040004
PMID:24381530
Terpenoids from Endophytic Fungi de Souza JJ, Vieira IJ, Rodrigues-Filho E, Braz-Filho R Molecules 19-Dec-2011
PMCID:PMC6264667
doi:10.3390/molecules161210604
PMID:22183885
New class of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the stem bark of Knema laurina and their structural insights. Akhtar MN, Lam KW, Abas F, Maulidiani, Ahmad S, Shah SA, Atta-Ur-Rahman, Choudhary MI, Lajis NH Bioorg Med Chem Lett 01-Jul-2011
doi:10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
PMID:21641207
Anti-inflammatory, pro-apoptotic, and anti-proliferative effects of a methanolic neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract are mediated via modulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway Schumacher M, Cerella C, Reuter S, Dicato M, Diederich M Genes Nutr 14-Dec-2010
PMCID:PMC3092905
doi:10.1007/s12263-010-0194-6
PMID:21484152
Neuroprotection and enhanced neurogenesis by extract from the tropical plant Knema laurina after inflammatory damage in living brain tissue Häke I, Schönenberger S, Neumann J, Paulsen-Merker K, Reymann K, Ismail G, Din LB, Said I, Latiff A, Zipp F, Ullrich O Cell Commun Signal 26-Feb-2009
PMCID:PMC4291834
doi:10.1186/1478-811X-7-S1-A77
Wildlife reintroduction: considerations of habitat quality at the release site Cheyne SM BMC Ecol 13-Apr-2006
PMCID:PMC1458321
doi:10.1186/1472-6785-6-5
PMID:16611369
Further alkyl and alkenylphenols of Knema laurina and knema austrosiamensis: location of the double bond in the alkenyl side chains Maria JoséT.G. Gonzalez, Carlos J.C. DeOliveira, JoséO. Fernandes, Anake Kijjoa, Werner Herz Elsevier BV 04-Apr-2003
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / O-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
2-Methoxy-6-(10-pentadecenyl)-benzoic acid methyl ester 76393806 Click to see 374.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
methyl 2-[(E,10S)-10-hydroxypentadec-8-enyl]-6-methoxybenzoate 56673499 Click to see 390.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
methyl 2-[(Z)-heptadec-10-enyl]-6-methoxybenzoate 56683477 Click to see 402.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
Methyl 2-heptadec-10-enyl-6-methoxybenzoate 76394532 Click to see 402.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
methyl 2-methoxy-6-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]benzoate 56680130 Click to see CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)OC)C(=O)OC 374.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
2-Hydroxy-6-(10-phenyldecyl)benzoic acid 85998605 Click to see 354.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
2-hydroxy-6-[(10S)-10-hydroxypentadec-8-enyl]benzoic acid 162903604 Click to see 362.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
2-hydroxy-6-[(E,10S)-10-hydroxypentadec-8-enyl]benzoic acid 53307789 Click to see CCCCCC(C=CCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O)O 362.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
2-Hydroxy-6-pentadec-10-enylbenzoic acid 73188648 Click to see CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O 346.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
6-((Z)-pentadec-10-en-1-yl)salicylic acid 13873062 Click to see CCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O 346.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
Benzoic acid, 2-(10Z)-heptadecen-1-yl,-6-hydroxy- 391579 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O 374.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
Benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-6-(8-pentadecenyl)- 368156 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC1=C(C(=CC=C1)O)C(=O)O 346.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
Ginkgolic acid 5281858 Click to see 346.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
> Benzenoids / Phenol esters
Penicilactone B 146683120 Click to see 278.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
1-Methoxy-3-(10-pentadecenyl)-benzene 76389402 Click to see 316.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
1-methoxy-3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]benzene 56659655 Click to see 316.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids
3-(10-Heptadecenyl)-phenol 53683394 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC=C1)O 330.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
3-(10-Heptadecenyl)phenol 44575468 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCC1=CC(=CC=C1)O 330.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
3-(10-Pentadecenyl)-phenol 76389401 Click to see 302.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
3-(12-Phenyldodec-8-enyl)phenol 68592066 Click to see 336.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
3-[(Z)-12-phenyldodec-8-enyl]phenol 101627164 Click to see 336.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
3-[(Z)-pentadec-10-enyl]phenol 56659654 Click to see 302.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2011.04.065
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
5-(12-Phenyldodec-8-enyl)benzene-1,3-diol 163036468 Click to see 352.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X
5-[(Z)-12-phenyldodec-8-enyl]benzene-1,3-diol 102445426 Click to see 352.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00413-X

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