Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Veratrum album (L.) is a tall, white-flowered member of the family Melanthiaceae whose rhizomes and roots have been used in homeopathy for several centuries. In European materia medica, the dried root is first processed as a mother tincture and then serially diluted and succussed to produce classical potencies used mainly in short courses for acute “shock” or sudden diarrheal complaints (Hahnemann, 1842; Boiron, 2016). In 19th‑century European materia medica, very weak decoctions of the root were listed historically as diaphoretic and emetic agents; the same texts emphasized that even at low dilutions the drug was strongly emetic, with narrow safety margins, and noted that it was sometimes mixed with ipecac (bark of Cephaelis ipecacuanha) (Ellingwood, 1919). Outside homeopathy, the dried root is used in Russian folk practice as an insecticide against lice, fleas, and in beekeeping; the powdered root is mixed into hives to induce sedative “fumigation” effects in bees (Trease and Evans, 2009; Konstantinova et al., 2004). The same approach is found in North American beekeeping and in Moldavian ethnobotany, where the powdered root is dusted into nests or hives for bee restraint (Clapham et al., 1952; Baranov, 1971). Across these contexts the plant parts used are the underground rhizomes and roots; preparations range from tinctures and very dilute decoctions (homeopathy/herbal) to powders for external application.

A concise practical example is a mother tincture suitable for homeopathic use: place 1 part dried Veratrum album root/rhizome by weight in 10 parts 45% ethanol, macerate in a dark bottle at room temperature for 4–6 weeks, shaking daily, then press and filter; this 1:10 (w/v) tincture is then succussed to produce the desired potency for homeopathic use. For a non-homeopathic decoction, no dose should be attempted without professional supervision because the plant is a Class‑1 poison; when prepared historically the weak decoction was administered by qualified practitioners in limited doses solely as an emetic/diaphoretic, with emphatic warnings to stop if vomiting or excessive salivation appears (Ellingwood, 1919). Powdered root is applied to hives in small measured amounts to avoid over‑exposure to bees and must be stored out of reach of children (Konstantinova et al., 2004).

The activity of the dried rhizomes and roots rests on well‑known Veratrum alkaloids, notably protoveratrines, jervine, cyclopamine, and cevadine, which act as sodium channel activators (veratridine‑like effect) in excitable cells, together with hypotensive actions mediated via autonomic ganglia (Bruneton, 1999; Tyler et al., 1992). These steroidal alkaloids underwrite both the historic emetic/diaphoretic actions of weak decoctions in European materia medica and the sedative/insecticidal effects reported in homeopathic tinctures and in beekeeping uses across Europe and North America.

Today Veratrum album remains available as a homeopathic mother tincture (BP/EP compliance) through homeopathic pharmacies and in powdered form through veterinary and beekeeping suppliers, while research continues to focus on pharmacology of individual alkaloids rather than the whole plant in its traditional forms.

General Uses Top

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Industrial and craft applications:
- The root and rhizome of Veratrum album are the primary commercial source of steroidal alkaloids such as veratridine and jervine. These compounds are employed as pharmacological tools in electrophysiology and neurobiology, acting as agonists of voltage‑gated sodium channels to dissect ion‑channel function.
- Crude extracts or purified alkaloids have been investigated for insecticidal activity and are cited in the literature as natural pesticide candidates. Their mode of action involves disruption of insect nervous‑system signaling, making them potential leads for bio‑insecticide formulation.
- The plant serves as a reference material for the standardization of alkaloid analysis; certified reference materials are available for quantifying veratridine in botanical extracts.
- Alkaloid fractions from V. album are also used as raw material for the semi‑synthetic preparation of analogues employed in structure–activity relationship studies.

Properties relevant to use:
- The main bioactive constituents are polyhydroxylated steroidal alkaloids (e.g., veratridine, jervine) that are highly lipophilic, readily extractable with organic solvents such as methanol or chloroform, and exhibit characteristic UV absorption maxima near 210–230 nm.
- Their potency as sodium‑channel agonists is due to specific structural features, including an unsaturated C‑ring and multiple hydroxyl groups, which confer strong binding affinity and low water solubility.
- The alkaloid profile is stable under controlled laboratory conditions but degrades under prolonged exposure to light and elevated temperature.

Standards and regulation:
- Veratrum album is classified as a poisonous plant under the EU Directive on the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of Substances and Mixtures, as well as national plant‑toxin regulations in many countries. Handling, storage, and distribution require appropriate licences and hazard‑communication labels (e.g., GHS pictogram GHS06).
- Analytical protocols for veratridine quantification are covered by ISO 15918 (Botanical toxins – Determination of steroidal alkaloids by LC‑MS/MS). Certified reference materials conforming to this standard are commercially available.
- Use of the plant material in pesticide research must comply with national and regional biopesticide registration guidelines, which often mandate toxicity and environmental‑fate studies.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is a perennial herb found in alpine and sub‑alpine meadows of Europe and Asia. Wild populations are limited, and over‑harvesting poses conservation concerns in several European jurisdictions (e.g., the Berne Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats).
- Small‑scale cultivation for research purposes can be achieved through controlled propagation of rhizome cuttings, with harvest cycles of 2–3 years to allow regeneration of the underground organs.
- Sustainable harvesting practices include limiting collection to no more than 10 % of a population per year, monitoring of stand density, and adherence to local permits.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Helleborus albus	(L.) Gueldenst.	Reis. Russland (Gueldenst.) ii. 196 (1791).
Melanthium virens	Thunb.	Melanthio : 4 (1797)
Melanthium bracteolare	Desr.	Encycl. 4: 25 (1797)
Melanthium album	Thunb.	Melanthio : 8 (1797)
Veratrum lobelianum f. oppositifolium	Cheshm.	Fitologiya 7: 75 (1977)
Veratrum album subsp. misae	(Sirj.) Tzvelev	Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 4: 210 (1979)
Veratrum album f. glabrescens	(Zapat) Soó	Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 365 (1970 publ. 1971)
Veratrum lobelianum subsp. misae	(Širj.) Šourková	Novit. Bot. Univ. Carol. 1988(4): 65.
Veratrum album f. podolicum	(Zapat) Soó	Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 16: 365 (1970 publ. 1971)
Veratrum croaticum	O.Loes.	Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 133 (1926)
Veratrum flavum	O.Loes.	Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 133 (1926)
Veratrum bosniacum	Beck	Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 2: 50 (1887)
Veratrum polygamum	Gilib.	Exerc. Phyt. 2: 463 (1792)
Veratrum misae	O.Loes.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 65 (1927)
Veratrum album var. misae	Širj.	Acta Bot. Bohem. 2: 41. 1923
Veratrum lobelianum var. glabrescens	Zapal.	Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 173. 1906
Veratrum lobelianum var. podolicum	Zapal.	Consp. Fl. Gallic. Crit. 1: 173. 1906
Veratrum album var. spathulatum	Beck	Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 177. 1890
Veratrum album var. flavum	Griseb.	Spic. Fl. Rumel. 2: 381. 1844
Veratrum album var. croaticum	Beck	Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 15: 200. 1903
Veratrum bosniacum var. albanicum	O.Loes.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 24: 62. 1927
Veratrum lobelianum var. misae	(Širj.) O.Loes.	Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 68: 132 1926
Veratrum album var. viride	Lapeyr.	Hist. Pl. Pyrenées 611. 1813
Veratrum album var. viridiflorum	Mert. & W.D.J.Koch	Deutschl. Fl. ed. 3, 2: 625. 1826
Veratrum lobelianum var. obovatum	Beck	Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 15: 200. 1903
Veratrum album var. bosniacum	(Beck) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 311. 1890
Veratrum album subsp. albicans	Gaudin	Fl. Helv. 6: 311 (1830)
Veratrum viride	Röhl.	Deutschl. Fl. ed. 2, 2: 237 (1812)
Veratrum parviflorum	Bong.	Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans 2: 166 (1835)
Veratrum album var. albiflorum	Lange	Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 1: 192 (1861)
Veratrum album f. viridiflorum	(Mert. & W.D.J.Koch) Wimm. & Grab.	Fl. Siles. 1: 353 (1827)
Veratrum album var. lobelianum	(Bernh.) Rchb.	Fl. Germ. Excurs. 3: X (1833)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	european white hellebore
English	white false-helleborine
English	white-hellebore
English	white veratrum
English	white hellebore
English	false helleborine
English	european white-hellebore
English	white false hellebore
Spanish	veratrum bosniacum
Spanish	hierba de ballesteros
Spanish	hierba ballestera
Spanish	heléboro blanco
Spanish	eléboro blanco
Spanish	eléboro
Spanish	belegambre
Spanish	veratrum lobelianum var. glabrescens
Spanish	hierba del ballestero
Spanish	veratrum lobelianum subsp. misae
Spanish	helleborus albus
Spanish	ballestera blanca
Spanish	ballestera
Spanish	baladro
Spanish	baladra
Spanish	vedegambre
Spanish	yerba del ballestero
Spanish	osurba
Spanish	rizoma de veratro
Spanish	surbia
Spanish	veratrum lobelianum var. obovatum
Spanish	veratrum lobelianum var. podolicum
Spanish	survia
Spanish	vedegambre blanco
Spanish	verdegambre blanco
Spanish	yerba ballestera blanca
Spanish	yerba de ballesteros
Spanish	yerba de ballesteros blanca
Spanish	veratrum polygamum
Spanish	verdegambre
Spanish	heleboro blanco
Arabic	خربوق أبيض
Arabic	خربق
Azerbaijani	ağ asırqal
Catalan	veladre
Catalan	veratre
Czech	kýchavice bílá
Danish	hvid foldblad
German	lauskraut
German	läusewurzel
German	nieswurz
German	weißer germer
Greek	Βέρατρον το λευκόν
Esperanto	blanka heleboro
Persian	وراتروم آلبوم
Finnish	valkopärskäjuuri
Finnish	pohjanpärskäjuuri
French	vérine
French	faux hellébore
French	hellébore blanc
French	varaire
French	véraire
French	vératre blanc
French	vérâtre blanc
Galician	surbia
Hebrew	וורטרום לבן
Upper Sorbian	běła kichawa
Hungarian	fehér zászpa
Armenian	Կեղծ ղանձլամեր սպիտակ
Icelandic	hnerrarót
Italian	veratro
Japanese	梅蕙草
Japanese	バイケイソウ
Korean	박새 (식물)
Lithuanian	lobelio čemerys
Macedonian	Чемерика
Norwegian Bokmål	nyserot
Dutch	witte nieswortel
Dutch	wit nieskruid
Dutch	dodenwaad
Norwegian Nynorsk	kvit nyserot
os	Нæлгæндыс
Polish	ciemierzyca biała
Polish	ciemiężyca biała
Russian	Чемерица белая
Slovak	kýchavica biela
Slovenian	bela čmerika
Swedish	vit nysrot
Turkish	ak çöpleme
Ukrainian	Чемериця біла
Chinese	白藜蘆
Chinese	白藜芦

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Requires Soaking: These seeds need to be soaked in warm water until they swell, which can take 24-48 hours. Seeds that float are usually not viable and should be discarded, along with the soaking water.

seed very poisonous, wash hands after handling, 20°C x 4 weeks, then -7°C x 6 weeks, then 10°C

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Russian Far East
  - Magadan
- Siberia
  - Krasnoyarsk
  - West Siberia
  - Yakutskiya
- Western Asia
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - East European Russia
  - North European Russia
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Finland
  - Norway
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000751720
UNII	7DEL4FSK0E
USDA Plants	VEAL3
Tropicos	18400825
INPN	128520
Flora of Italy	6743
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30192264-2
The Plant List	kew-291244
PFAF	Veratrum album
Open Tree Of Life	603938
Observations.org	123316
NCBI Taxonomy	50243
Nature Serve	2.133824
IPNI	30192264-2
iNaturalist	85424
GBIF	2742119
Freebase	/m/02qdtcr
EPPO	VEAAL
EOL	1083440
USDA GRIN	41134
Wikipedia	Veratrum_album

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Shifting Mountain Tree Line Increases Soil Organic Carbon Stability Regardless of Land Use

Sushko S, Ivashchenko K, Komarova A, Yudina A, Makhantseva V, Elsukova E, Blagodatsky S

Plants (Basel)

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085277
doi:	10.3390/plants13091193
PMID:	38732408

Contributions of Common Foods to Resveratrol Intake in the Chinese Diet

Xu Y, Fang M, Li X, Wang D, Yu L, Ma F, Jiang J, Zhang L, Li P

Foods

21-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11049234
doi:	10.3390/foods13081267
PMID:	38672939

Honeybee CaV4 has distinct permeation, inactivation, and pharmacology from homologous NaV channels

Bertaud A, Cens T, Chavanieu A, Estaran S, Rousset M, Soussi L, Ménard C, Kadala A, Collet C, Dutertre S, Bois P, Gosselin-Badaroudine P, Thibaud JB, Roussel J, Vignes M, Chahine M, Charnet P

J Gen Physiol

01-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC10983803
doi:	10.1085/jgp.202313509
PMID:	38557788

Intestinal mucosal barrier: a potential target for traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases

Liu J, Wei X, Wang T, Zhang M, Gao Y, Cheng Y, Chi L

Front Pharmacol

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10925767
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1372766
PMID:	38469405

Identification of anti-gastric cancer effects and molecular mechanisms of resveratrol: From network pharmacology and bioinformatics to experimental validation

Ma YQ, Zhang M, Sun ZH, Tang HY, Wang Y, Liu JX, Zhang ZX, Wang C

World J Gastrointest Oncol

15-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10900166
doi:	10.4251/wjgo.v16.i2.493
PMID:	38425392

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine in osteosarcoma: Cross-interference of signaling pathways and potential therapeutic targets

Liu Y, Jiang B, Li Y, Zhang X, Wang L, Yao Y, Zhu B, Shi H, Chai X, Hu X, Zhang B, Li H

Medicine (Baltimore)

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10798715
doi:	10.1097/MD.0000000000036467
PMID:	38241548

Foraging behavior of Highland cattle in silvopastoral systems in the Alps

Nota G, Svensk M, Barberis D, Frund D, Pagani R, Pittarello M, Probo M, Ravetto Enri S, Lonati M, Lombardi G

Agrofor Syst

22-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10830757
doi:	10.1007/s10457-023-00926-z
PMID:	38314106

Traditional Knowledge Evolution over Half of a Century: Local Herbal Resources and Their Changes in the Upper Susa Valley of Northwest Italy

Sulaiman N, Zocchi DM, Borrello MT, Mattalia G, Antoniazzi L, Berlinghof SE, Bewick A, Häfliger I, Schembs M, Torri L, Pieroni A

Plants (Basel)

22-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780445
doi:	10.3390/plants13010043
PMID:	38202351

Exploring the Impact of Onobrychis cornuta and Veratrum lobelianum Extracts on C. elegans: Implications for MAPK Modulation, Germline Development, and Antitumor Properties

Meng Q, Pathak N, Ren X, Borris RP, Kim HM

Nutrients

19-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780469
doi:	10.3390/nu16010008
PMID:	38201838

Nano-formulated delivery of active ingredients from traditional Chinese herbal medicines for cancer immunotherapy

Shang Q, Liu W, Leslie F, Yang J, Guo M, Sun M, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Wang F

Acta Pharm Sin B

16-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10985040
doi:	10.1016/j.apsb.2023.12.008
PMID:	38572106

Do Poisonous Plants in Pastures Communicate Their Toxicity? Meta-Study and Evaluation of Poisoning Cases in Central Europe

Aboling S

Animals (Basel)

08-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10740430
doi:	10.3390/ani13243795
PMID:	38136831

Resveratrol Promotes Autophagy to Improve neuronal Injury in Parkinson’s Disease by Regulating SNHG1/miR-128-3p/SNCA Axis

Shen DF, Qi HP, Zhang WN, Sang WX

Brain Sci

25-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10452706
doi:	10.3390/brainsci13081124
PMID:	37626481

Effect of Grazing Management on Predator Soil Mite Communities (Acari: Mesotigmata) in Some Subalpine Grasslands from the Făgăraş Mountains—Romania

Manu M, Băncilă RI, Onete M

Insects

12-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10380866
doi:	10.3390/insects14070626
PMID:	37504632

Plant-Derived Nutraceuticals Involved in Body Weight Control by Modulating Gene Expression

Vrânceanu M, Hegheş SC, Cozma-Petruţ A, Banc R, Stroia CM, Raischi V, Miere D, Popa DS, Filip L

Plants (Basel)

11-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10302664
doi:	10.3390/plants12122273
PMID:	37375898

Inhibitory Potential of Resveratrol in Cancer Metastasis: From Biology to Therapy

Song B, Wang W, Tang X, Goh RM, Thuya WL, Ho PC, Chen L, Wang L

Cancers (Basel)

14-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10216034
doi:	10.3390/cancers15102758
PMID:	37345095

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Branched fatty acids / Methyl-branched fatty acids
(R)-2-Methylbutanoic acid	6950479	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)O	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
2-Methylbutanoic Acid	8314	Click to see	102.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 3-hydroxysteroids / 3-beta-hydroxysteroids
(1R,2S,4R,5'R,6S,7S,8S,12S,13R,16S)-5',7,8,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-9,18-diene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol	162976108	Click to see	411.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)75638-3
Veramine	12444728	Click to see	411.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Hydroxysteroids / 3-hydroxysteroids / 3-hydroxy delta-5-steroids
5',7,8,13-Tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icosa-9,18-diene-6,2'-piperidine]-16-ol	12444727	Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3(C(O2)CC4C3=CCC5C4CC=C6C5(CCC(C6)O)C)C)C)NC1	411.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(00)75638-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(1S)-1-[(2S)-5-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl]ethyl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	162892386	Click to see	383.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)97086-8
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid esters
[17-[1-(3-Hydroxy-5-methyl-2-pyridinyl)ethyl]-10,13-dimethyl-6-oxo-1,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate	162879530	Click to see	467.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01167577
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / 22,26-epiminocholestanes
(20S,25S)-22,26-iminocholesta-5,22(N)-dien-3beta-ol	70699389	Click to see	397.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564623
(3S,8S,9R,10R,13R,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-17-[(1S)-1-[(2S,5R)-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	162965147	Click to see CC1CCC(NC1)C(C)C2CCC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)O)C)C	399.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19773643
16,28-Secosolanid-5-en-3-ol, (3beta)-	566870	Click to see CC1CCC(NC1)C(C)C2CCC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(CCC(C5)O)C)C	399.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1135/CCCC19773643
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Cerveratrum-type alkaloids
(10,12,13,14,16,23-Hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl) 2-methylbutanoate	12314631	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1CCC2(C3C1(OC24CC5C6CN7CC(CCC7C(C6C(C(C5(C4C(C3)O)O)O)O)(C)O)C)O)C	593.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906
(16,22-Diacetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-13-yl) 2-methylbutanoate	12305686	Click to see	677.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01115A015
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19R,20S,22S,23S,25R)-20-acetyloxy-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate	162887174	Click to see	749.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19R,20S,22S,23S,25R)-20-acetyloxy-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2S)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	162820080	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C(C)(CC)O)O)C)O)O)O	751.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-10,12,13,14,16,23-hexahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate	163018240	Click to see	593.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	163194108	Click to see	693.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-16-acetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S,3S)-3-acetyloxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	163008235	Click to see	793.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01115A015 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01104A047
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-16-acetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate	162971633	Click to see	799.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50083A002
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,10S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-16-acetyloxy-10,12,14,23-tetrahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-22-[(Z)-2-methylbut-2-enoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-13-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate	101306698	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(=CC)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)O)O	717.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567932
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2R,3R)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	101281380	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(C(C)O)O)O)C)O)O)O	709.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566829
[(1S,2S,6S,9S,11R,12R,13S,14S,15S,16R,18S,19S,22S,23S,25R)-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-[(2R)-2-methylbutanoyl]oxy-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] (2S)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	101277305	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(CC)O)O)C)O)O)O	693.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564623
[10,12,14,16,23-Pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate	78410929	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(CC)O)O)C)O)O)O	693.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
[20-Acetyloxy-10,12,14,16,23-pentahydroxy-6,10,19-trimethyl-13-(2-methylbutanoyloxy)-24-oxa-4-azaheptacyclo[12.12.0.02,11.04,9.015,25.018,23.019,25]hexacosan-22-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate	162887173	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)O)C)O)O)O	749.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
4alpha,9-Epoxycevane-3beta,4,7alpha,14,15alpha,16beta,20-heptol 7-acetate 3-[(2S,3R)-3-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate]15-[(R)-2-methylbutanoate]	3304506	Click to see	793.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01115A015 https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01104A047
7-Deoxygermine	409814	Click to see	509.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19542870610 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19442820109
Cevane-3,4,14,15,16,20-hexol, 4,9-epoxy-, 3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzoate), (3beta,4alpha,15alpha,16beta)-	162954883	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(CN2C1)C4CC56C(C4(C(C3O)O)O)CCC7C5(CCC(C7(O6)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)C)(C)O	657.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19530360645 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_609 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005
Germinaline	3403655	Click to see	751.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01167577
Germinalinine	101286251	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(C(C)O)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)O)O	751.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566829
Germine	442976	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(CN2C1)C4CC56C(C4(C(C3O)O)O)C(CC7C5(CCC(C7(O6)O)O)C)O)(C)O	509.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19542870610 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19442820109
Neogermitrine	91799750	Click to see	677.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01115A015
Neojerminalanine	102247145	Click to see	751.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
Protoveratrine	4974	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(C(C6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(CC)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)O)O	793.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906
protoveratrine A	8931	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(C(C6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C(C)(CC)O)O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)O)O	793.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567976 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564106
Verabenzoamine	21672145	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2C(CN3CC(CCC3C2(C)O)C)C4C1(C5C(CC6C7(C5(C4)OC6(C(CC7)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)OC)OC)O)C)O)O)O	757.90	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50083A002
Veratroylzygadenine	5171637	Click to see	657.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19530360645 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00564623 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_609 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005
Zygacin	574506	Click to see CC1CCC2C(C3C(CN2C1)C4CC56C(C4(C(C3O)O)O)CCC7C5(CCC(C7(O6)O)OC(=O)C)C)(C)O	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_609 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_615
Zygacine	21573746	Click to see	535.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_609 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.5_615
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Jerveratrum-type alkaloids
(+)-Jervinone	6712079	Click to see	423.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50083A002
(1R,3S,3'R,3'aS,5S,6'S,6aS,6bS,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bS)-1,3,5-trihydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-11-one	101897906	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC(C6CC(CC(C6(C5C(=O)C4=C3C)C)O)O)O)C)NC1	459.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580031 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00575783
(3',6',10,11b-tetramethyl-11-oxospiro[1,2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-decahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3-yl) acetate	272887	Click to see	467.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aS,6bR,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-decahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-11-one	162903886	Click to see	425.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K
(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aS,6bS,7'aR,9R,11R,11aS,11bR)-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-decahydro-1H-benzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3,11-diol	102093844	Click to see	427.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19550380736
[(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aS,6bR,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3',6',10,11b-tetramethyl-11-oxospiro[1,2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-decahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3-yl] acetate	162979981	Click to see	467.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K
1,3-dihydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-11-one	73311014	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CCC6CC(CC(C6(C5C(=O)C4=C3C)C)O)O)C)NC1	443.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11,11a-decahydro-1H-benzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3,11-diol	12444737	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC=C6CC(CCC6(C5C(C4=C3C)O)C)O)C)NC1	427.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19550380736
3',6',10,11b-tetramethylspiro[2,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-octahydro-1H-benzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3a,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-3H-furo[3,2-b]pyridine]-3,11-dione	3508283	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CCC6=CC(=O)CCC6(C5C(=O)C4=C3C)C)C)NC1	423.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
Iervin	222153	Click to see	425.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906 https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8793500405 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.8_1102 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005
Jervine	10098	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC=C6CC(CCC6(C5C(=O)C4=C3C)C)O)C)NC1	425.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8793500405 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.79.8_1102 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580930 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567974
Jervinone	637157	Click to see	423.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50083A002 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
Methyl 3-(3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethyl-11-oxospiro[1,2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-decahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine]-4'-yl)propanoate	14804160	Click to see	511.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K
methyl 3-[(3S,3'R,3'aS,6'S,6aS,6bR,7'aR,9R,11aS,11bR)-3-hydroxy-3',6',10,11b-tetramethyl-11-oxospiro[1,2,3,4,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-decahydrobenzo[a]fluorene-9,2'-3,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrofuro[3,2-b]pyridine]-4'-yl]propanoate	162938052	Click to see	511.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K
O-Acetyljervine	3032629	Click to see	467.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)84161-K https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
Veratvirine	76320394	Click to see	443.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959767
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal alkaloids / Solanidines and derivatives
Rubijervine	253295	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01167577 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580930 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00567974 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
Solanid-5-en-3beta,12alpha-diol	591288	Click to see	413.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19552881005
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
2-[[10,17-dimethyl-17-[1-(5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163006471	Click to see	559.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00566824
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins
11-Oxo-17,23-epoxyveratraman-3-yl hexopyranoside	3605588	Click to see	587.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803 https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8793500405 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906
Pseudojervine	16398499	Click to see CC1CC2C(C(C3(O2)CCC4C5CC=C6CC(CCC6(C5C(=O)C4=C3C)C)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)NC1	587.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00580930 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.18902280906 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7 https://doi.org/10.1039/CT8793500405 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750803
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Piperidines
(3S,4aS,5S,6aS,6bS,9R,11aS,11bS)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-9-[(1R)-1-[(2S,3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-10,11b-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluoren-11-one	163084703	Click to see CC1CC(C(NC1)C(C)C2(CCC3C4CC(C5CC(CCC5(C4C(=O)C3=C2C)C)O)O)O)O	461.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
(3S,5S,6aS,6bS,9R,11aS,11bS)-3,5,9-trihydroxy-9-[(1R)-1-[(2S,3R,5S)-3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl]ethyl]-10,11b-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluoren-11-one	102247144	Click to see	461.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7
3,5,9-Trihydroxy-9-[1-(3-hydroxy-5-methylpiperidin-2-yl)ethyl]-10,11b-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,11a-dodecahydrobenzo[a]fluoren-11-one	163084702	Click to see	461.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00211-7

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Veratrum album

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