Litsea pungens
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440473920a58536836395 |
| Scientific name | Litsea pungens |
| Authority | Hemsl. |
| First published in | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 26: 384 (1891) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Essential oil (leaf oil) obtained by steam distillation of fresh leaves.
Industrial and craft applications:
- The oil is employed as a fragrance component in soaps, detergents, and other household products.
- It is incorporated into cosmetics such as lotions and perfumes, where the lemony scent serves as a top note.
- Because of its repellent activity against certain insects, the oil is used in textile treatments and natural insect‑repellent formulations for craft use.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
- The oil’s primary volatile constituents are citral (geranial and neral), accounting for 50–70 % of the oil; other components include citronellal, geraniol and citronellol.
- The oil is used as a raw material in the perfume and fragrance industry, contributing a fresh, citrus‑like note.
- In cosmetics it is added to soaps, shower gels, and body lotions at low concentrations (typically 0.1–0.5 % by weight) to impart a bright scent.
Properties relevant to use:
- Specific gravity: 0.89–0.92 at 20 °C.
- Refractive index: 1.480–1.495.
- Saponification value: 180–200 mg KOH g⁻¹.
- Yield of oil from fresh leaves: 0.6–0.8 % (w/w).
- The high citral content is responsible for the characteristic lemon aroma and contributes to the oil’s antimicrobial and insect‑repellent properties.
Standards and regulation:
- Production and marketing of the oil for fragrance purposes are governed by the International Fragrance Association (IFRA) standards, which include maximum usage levels in finished products.
- Some national regulations (e.g., China’s Cosmetic Safety Technical Standards) require labeling of essential‑oil ingredients and limits on concentration in leave‑on products.
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Litsea pungens occurs in the Himalayan region, parts of Yunnan, and northeastern India. Harvesting is currently based largely on wild collection.
- Local conservation initiatives promote selective cutting, cultivation, and community‑based harvesting to reduce pressure on wild populations.
- The species is listed as “Least Concern” in regional Red‑List assessments, but habitat loss in some areas has prompted efforts to develop sustainable cultivation programmes.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Litsea kangdingensis | H.S.Kung | Fl. Sichuanica 1: 460 (1981) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Chinese | 木姜子 |
| Chinese | 木姜子叶 |
| Chinese | 木姜子根 |
| Chinese | 木姜子茎 |
| Chinese | 兰香树 |
| Chinese | 猴香子 |
| Chinese | 生姜材 |
| Chinese | 辣姜子 |
| Chinese | 陈茄子 |
| Chinese | 黄花子 |
| Chinese | 香桂子 |
| Chinese | 山胡椒 |
| Chinese | 木香子 |
| Chinese | 木薑子 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China North-central
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Tibet
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indo-China
- Myanmar
-
Indo-China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001070310 |
| Tropicos | 17800396 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:465975-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-17800396 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 467942 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 943095 |
| IUCN Red List | 147649950 |
| IPNI | 465975-1 |
| GBIF | 4181112 |
| USDA GRIN | 465225 |
| CMAUP | NPO963 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Aporphines | |||||
| (+)-Launobine | 5318956 | Click to see | 311.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Laurotetanin | 267400 | Click to see | 327.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives | |||||
| 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid | 3469 | Click to see | 154.12 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Naphthalenes / Naphthoquinones | |||||
| 3,4-Dioxonaphthalen-1-olate | 25202955 | Click to see | 173.14 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| (Z)-4-Decenoic acid | 5312351 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCCC(=O)O | 170.25 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc283274 | 11252659 | Click to see | 201.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters | |||||
| Dodecyl acetate | 8205 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C | 228.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols | |||||
| (E)-tetradec-5-en-1-ol | 6431325 | Click to see CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCO | 212.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 6-Tetradecen-1-ol, (E) | 6431327 | Click to see | 212.37 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerol | 92097 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| Trachelosperogenin A1, >=95% (LC/MS-ELSD) | 21637743 | Click to see | 680.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (2R,3R,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-2,3,12-trihydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicene-4-carboxylic acid | 101673896 | Click to see | 680.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-2-hydroxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one | 12309262 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(C)(C1CCC2(C1CCC3C2(CCC4C3(CCC(=O)C4(C)C)C)C)C)O)C | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3R,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-hexadecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate | 13688749 | Click to see | 470.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Glutinol | 9932254 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C4CC=C5C(C4(CCC3(C2C1)C)C)CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Glutinone | 10071029 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C4CC=C5C(C4(CCC3(C2C1)C)C)CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C | 424.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols | |||||
| Quercitol | 441437 | Click to see C1C(C(C(C(C1O)O)O)O)O | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones | |||||
| 16-Hentriacontanone | 94741 | Click to see | 450.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Scopoletin | 5280460 | Click to see | 192.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4R)-4-[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-3-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 13831071 | Click to see | 746.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Benzoic acid, 3,4,5-trihydroxy-, (2R,2'R,3R,3'R,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,3',4,4'-tetrahydro-5,5',7,7'-tetrahydroxy-2'-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)(4,8'-bi-2H-1-benzopyran)-3,3'-diyl ester | 11622083 | Click to see | 898.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epicatechin-(4beta->8)-epigallocatechin 3'-gallate | 11513300 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O | 746.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin B3 | 146798 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Procyanidin B3 3,3'-digallate | 12795892 | Click to see | 882.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Prodelphinidin B3 | 13831068 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=CC(=C2C3C(C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C34)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)O)O)O)O | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epicatechin | 72276 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Catechin gallates | |||||
| (-)-Epicatechin gallate | 107905 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)O)O)O | 442.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (+)-Catechin 3-Gallate | 5276454 | Click to see | 442.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Epigallocatechin Gallate | 65064 | Click to see | 458.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins / Epigallocatechins | |||||
| Epigallocatechin | 72277 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C21)O)O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O | 306.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Gallocatechin | 65084 | Click to see | 306.27 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-diacetyloxy-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 10418008 | Click to see | 824.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3'',4''-Di-O-acetyl-2'',6''-di-O-p-coumaroylastragalin | 10328097 | Click to see | 824.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaempferol 3-(2'',6''-di-(E)-p-coumarylglucoside) | 10439991 | Click to see | 740.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxy-dihydrochalcones | |||||
| 2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxydihydrochalcone | 169676 | Click to see | 272.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / 2-Hydroxychalcones | |||||
| 2',6'-Dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone | 5316793 | Click to see | 270.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| (17S)-9-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-16-oxa-24-azapentacyclo[15.7.1.18,12.02,7.019,24]hexacosa-2,4,6,8,10,12(26)-hexaen-15-one | 5316415 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C3CC(CC4N3CCCC4)OC(=O)CCC5=CC2=C(C=C5)O)OC | 437.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| 1-Epi-castalagin | 12302512 | Click to see | 934.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Castalagin | 12302513 | Click to see | 934.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |