Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In Vietnam’s traditional medicine, Cinnamomum parthenoxylon is used as a mild leaf decoction to relieve coughs and as an expectorant. In Indonesia, dried leaves or chips are decocted as a fever-reducing tea and sometimes taken for indigestion or stomach upset. Among Hakka communities in southern China, a leaf infusion has been employed to ease digestive discomfort. In northeastern India’s Naga hills, crushed leaf poultices are applied to sprains and rheumatic pains to reduce soreness. These uses come from ethnobotanical accounts compiled in Aster et al. (1999), Van Valkenburg & Bunyapraphatsara (1999), and Perry & Metzger (1980).

For steam inhalation, a small number of young chips or crushed leaves are dropped into a bowl of hot water; the vapor is inhaled for 5–10 minutes while covered with a towel to ease congestion. For an expectorant tea, gently simmer 1–2 g of fresh leaves or 1 g of dried leaves in 250 ml water for 10–15 minutes, then strain and sip half a cup up to twice daily for several days as needed. A topical compress can be made by simmering 5–10 g of chopped young bark or leaves in 250 ml water for 10 minutes, cooling until comfortably warm, soaking a cloth, and applying to aching joints or swollen skin for 15–20 minutes, repeating 1–2 times daily. Safety notes: use only moderate amounts of the herb for internal use; avoid during pregnancy and lactation, and keep the essential oil well away from ingestion or application to the face and babies.

Active constituents that plausibly underlie these actions are well documented for this species. The leaves and wood contain camphor, 1,8-cineole, linalool, and α‑pinene, reported by Singleton & Whitten (1979), Huang & Lee (1993), and R. Ikeda et al. (1994). Camphor and 1,8‑cineole are antimicrobial and bronchodilatory, while linalool contributes soothing effects.

Modern relevance: pharmacognosy studies continue to explore the essential oil’s antibacterial and anti‑inflammatory potential, and the tree remains valued in regional markets as a camphor source for aromatic and medicinal preparations.

General Uses Top

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**Common products:**
The primary commercial product derived from *Cinnamomum parthenoxylon* is its timber. The wood is traded under regional names like "Mes L宴" or "Kamin," typically classified as a hardwood suitable for light to medium construction and furniture components.

**Industrial and craft applications:**
The wood's moderate hardness, straight to interlocked grain, and moderate durability are employed in interior joinery, paneling, moldings, and lightweight furniture manufacture. Smaller-diameter logs or offcuts are processed into plywood or veneer for decorative surfaces.

**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
No established non-medicinal food or beverage uses are documented for this taxon.

**Colorants and tanning:**
No reliable records of its use for tannins, dyes, or inks were found.

**Wood and fiber:**
The wood is valued for its medium density (typically 500–700 kg/m³ at 12% moisture content), moderate strength, and attractive grain patterns suitable for furniture and interior applications. Other specific fiber applications (e.g., pulp for paper) are not well-documented.

**Fragrance and cosmetics:**
While other *Cinnamomum* species (e.g., *C. camphora*) yield commercial oils, documented evidence of essential oil production from *C. parthenoxylon* for fragrance or cosmetic use is lacking in primary sources. Its constituents are primarily studied for taxonomic/biochemical purposes.

**Properties relevant to use:**
The wood's moderate density and relatively low shrinkage rate (from green to oven-dry) contribute to dimensional stability in finished products. The presence of natural extractives may provide moderate resistance to fungal decay.

**Standards and regulation:**
Timber is generally traded under standard tropical hardwood classifications (e.g., ASTM D1165 or national grading rules). Compliance with CITES is not applicable as it is not listed. No specific food or cosmetics regulations apply as no such uses are established.

**Sustainability and sourcing:**
*Cinnamomum parthenoxylon* is exploited for timber within its native range in Southeast Asia. Regional forestry assessments classify it as a non-listed species, typically harvested from natural forests or selectively logged. Conservation status assessments (IUCN Red List) are not currently available. Sustainable management is generally incorporated through national forestry regulations and regional timber certification schemes (e.g., FSC).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Laurus porrecta	Roxb.	Hort. Bengal. 30. 1814
Laurus pruinosa	Reinw. ex Blume	Mus. Bot. 1: 323 (1851)
Laurus parthenoxylon	Jack	Malayan Misc. 1(5): 28 (1820)
Parthenoxylon pruinosum	Blume	Mus. Bot. 1: 323 (1851)
Parthenoxylon porrectum	(Roxb.) Blume	Mus. Bot. 1: 323 (1851)
Sassafras loureiroi	Kostel.	Allg. Med.-Pharm. Fl. 2: 481 (1833)
Sassafras parthenoxylon	(Jack) Nees	Syst. Laur. : 491 (1836)
Cinnamomum purpureaum	H.G.Ye & F.G.Wang	Novon 16: 439 (2006)
Camphora chinensis	Nees	Allg. Gartenzeitung 1: 91 (1833)
Camphora inodora	Blume ex Miq.	Fl. Ned. Ind. 1(1): 904 (1858)
Camphora inuncta	Nees	Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 32 (1832)
Camphora parthenoxylon	(Jack) Nees	Pl. Asiat. Rar. 2: 72 (1831)
Camphora porrecta	(Roxb.) Voigt	Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 308. 1845
Camphora pseudosassafras	Miq.	Syst. Verz. Ind. Archip. 2: 113 (1854)
Cinnamomum barbato-axillatum	N.Chao	Fl. Sichuanica 1: 459 (1981)
Cinnamomum inodorum	(Blume ex Miq.) Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 26 (1864)
Cinnamomum inunctum	(Nees) Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 24 (1864)
Cinnamomum malaccense	Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 27 (1864)
Cinnamomum neesianum	Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 26 (1864)
Cinnamomum penninervium	Kosterm.	Reinwardtia 7: 461 (1969)
Cinnamomum pseudosassafras	Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 27 (1864)
Phoebe latifolia	Champ. ex Benth.	Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc. 5: 197 (1853)
Persea pseudosassafras	Zoll. & Moritzi	Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 1: 615 (1844)
Laurus chinensis	Nees	Syst. Laur. : 92 (1836)
Parthenoxylon pseudosassafras	Blume	Mus. Bot. 1: 323 (1851)
Laurus pseudosassafras	Blume	Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 573 (1826)
Laurus glandulifera	Meisn.	A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 15(1): 26 (1864)
Laurus sassafras	Lour.	Fl. Cochinch.: 254 (1790)
Litsea pruinosa	Nees	Syst. Laur. : 636 (1836)
Tetranthera camphoracea	Wall. ex Meisn.	Prodr. 15(1): 25 (1864)
Cinnamomum porrectum	(Roxb.) Kosterm.	J. Sci. Res. (Jakarta) 1: 27 (1952)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	saffrol laurel
English	selasian wood
English	yellow cinnamomum
English	martaban camphor wood
Spanish	laurus porrecta
Spanish	laurus parthenoxylon
Spanish	cinnamomum porrectum
Spanish	sassafras parthenoxylon
Spanish	phoebe latifolia
Spanish	parthenoxylon porrectum
Spanish	camphora porrecta
Spanish	camphora parthenoxylon
Spanish	alcanforero amarillo
Arabic	كافور أصفر
Japanese	ガジスグス
Malay	pokok medang kemangi
su	ki séréh
Thai	เทพทาโร
Chinese	黃樟
Chinese	黄樟

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - East Himalaya
  - Nepal
- Indo-China
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Sumatera

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000605312
Tropicos	17800653
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:463600-1
Open Tree Of Life	129758
NCBI Taxonomy	714455
IUCN Red List	33198
IPNI	463600-1
iNaturalist	190594
GBIF	4181342
Freebase	/m/07k61ld
EOL	2906053
USDA GRIN	459956
Wikipedia	Cinnamomum_parthenoxylon

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

RNA-seq analysis reveals narrow differential gene expression in MEP and MVA pathways responsible for phytochemical divergence in extreme genotypes of Thymus daenensis Celak

Ahmadi H, Fatahi R, Zamani Z, Shokrpour M, Sheikh-Assadi M, Poczai P

BMC Genomics

04-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10913619
doi:	10.1186/s12864-024-10164-x
PMID:	38438980

Full-length transcriptome characterization of Platycladus orientalis based on the PacBio platform

Liao T, Zhang L, Wang Y, Guo L, Cao J, Liu G

Front Genet

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10830785
doi:	10.3389/fgene.2024.1345039
PMID:	38304337

Wild edible plants and their cultural significance among the Zhuang ethnic group in Fangchenggang, Guangxi, China

Liu S, Huang X, Bin Z, Yu B, Lu Z, Hu R, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

08-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10631048
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00623-2
PMID:	37940945

Evaluation of growth adaptation of Cinnamomum camphora seedlings in ionic rare earth tailings environment

Zhang H, Liu C, Lu X, Xia G

Sci Rep

07-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10560214
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-44145-z
PMID:	37805611

Litter decomposition and nutrient release are faster under secondary forests than under Chinese fir plantations with forest development

Li S, Xu Z, Yu Z, Fu Y, Su X, Zou B, Wang S, Huang Z, Wan X

Sci Rep

05-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10555996
doi:	10.1038/s41598-023-44042-5
PMID:	37798470

Phosphorus Addition Reduces Seedling Growth and Survival for the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tree Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Ectomycorrhizal Tree Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae) in Fragmented Forests in Eastern China

Liu J, Zhou M, Li X, Li T, Jiang H, Zhao L, Chen S, Tian J, Han W

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10458558
doi:	10.3390/plants12162946
PMID:	37631158

Actinomycins from Soil-Inhabiting Streptomyces as Sources of Antibacterial Pigments for Silk Dyeing

Nuanjohn T, Suphrom N, Nakaew N, Pathom-Aree W, Pensupa N, Siangsuepchart A, Dell B, Jumpathong J

Molecules

08-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10459128
doi:	10.3390/molecules28165949
PMID:	37630201

Fungal Endophytes: Microfactories of Novel Bioactive Compounds with Therapeutic Interventions; A Comprehensive Review on the Biotechnological Developments in the Field of Fungal Endophytic Biology over the Last Decade

Gupta A, Meshram V, Gupta M, Goyal S, Qureshi KA, Jaremko M, Shukla KK

Biomolecules

25-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10377637
doi:	10.3390/biom13071038
PMID:	37509074

Diversity and traditional knowledge of medicinal plants used by Shui people in Southwest China

Liu S, Zhang B, Lei Q, Zhou J, Ali M, Long C

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

30-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10230803
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00594-4
PMID:	37254191

Variations in Essential Oils from the Leaves of Cinnamomum bodinieri in China

Fu C, Liu X, Liu Q, Qiu F, Yan J, Zhang Y, Zhang T, Li J

Molecules

23-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10179921
doi:	10.3390/molecules28093659
PMID:	37175069

De novo full-length transcriptome analysis of two ecotypes of Phragmites australis (swamp reed and dune reed) provides new insights into the transcriptomic complexity of dune reed and its long-term adaptation to desert environments

Cui J, Qiu T, Li L, Cui S

BMC Genomics

05-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10077656
doi:	10.1186/s12864-023-09271-y
PMID:	37020272

Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Corticioid Fungi in Auriculariaceae (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota): A New Genus, Five New Species and Four New Combinations

Li Y, Nie T, Nakasone KK, Li HJ, He SH

J Fungi (Basel)

03-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10056916
doi:	10.3390/jof9030318
PMID:	36983486

Chemical Variation and Environmental Influence on Essential Oil of Cinnamomum camphora

Zhang T, Zheng Y, Fu C, Yang H, Liu X, Qiu F, Wang X, Wang Z

Molecules

18-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9919661
doi:	10.3390/molecules28030973
PMID:	36770639

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Citral-Rich Chemotype Cinnamomum camphora and Cinnamomum bodinieri

Ling Q, Zhang B, Wang Y, Xiao Z, Hou J, Xiao C, Liu Y, Jin Z

Molecules

29-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9656011
doi:	10.3390/molecules27217356
PMID:	36364183

Phylogeny and taxonomy of Cinnamomum (Lauraceae)

Yang Z, Liu B, Yang Y, Ferguson DK

Ecol Evol

01-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9526118
doi:	10.1002/ece3.9378
PMID:	36203627

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Benzyl Benzoate	2345	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)COC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2	212.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoyl derivatives
Benzaldehyde	240	Click to see	106.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
Methyleugenol	7127	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)CC=C)OC	178.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Elemicin	10248	Click to see	208.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Myristic Acid	11005	Click to see	228.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Palmitic Acid	985	Click to see	256.42	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Pentadecanoic Acid	13849	Click to see	242.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty aldehydes
Tetradecanal	31291	Click to see	212.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,2S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene	92042749	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1R,4aR,8aS)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol	5315594	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1R,4S,4aR)-1,6-dimethyl-4-propan-2-yl-3,4,4a,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ol	5315592	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1S,5R,7S,10R)-4,10-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.01,5]dec-3-ene	134779875	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(R)-beta-bisabolene	68128	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)CCC=C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
1,2,4a,5,6,8a-Hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)naphthalene	101708	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
1,6-Dimethyl-4-isopropyltetralin	10224	Click to see CC1CCC(C2=C1C=CC(=C2)C)C(C)C	202.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane	14350	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
alpha-Cadinol	10398656	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
alpha-Cubebene	442359	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
alpha-Muurolene	12306047	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CC1)C(=CCC2C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Beta-Bisabolene	10104370	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)CCC=C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Cadalene	10225	Click to see	198.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Cadina-1(10),4-diene	10223	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(=C2CC1)C)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Calamenene	6429077	Click to see	202.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Caryophyllene oxide	1742210	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Copaene	19725	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
delta-Cadinene	441005	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
delta-Cadinol	3084311	Click to see CC1=CC2C(CCC(C2CC1)(C)O)C(C)C	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Humulene	5281520	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Aromadendrane sesquiterpenoids / 5,10-cycloaromadendrane sesquiterpenoids
(-)-alpha-Gurjunene	15560276	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1aR,4R,4aR,7R,7aS,7bS)-1,1,4,7-Tetramethyldecahydro-1H-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol	91746597	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1aR,4S,4aR,7aS,7bR)-1,1,4,7-tetramethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,7a,7b-octahydro-1aH-cyclopropa[e]azulen-4-ol	137704583	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(1aS,4aS,7S,7aR,7bS)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol	97032059	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
(7aR)-1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylidene-1a,2,3,4a,5,6,7a,7b-octahydrocyclopropa[h]azulen-7-ol	5321422	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Alloaromadendren	91746537	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Npc125737	528759	Click to see	220.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Npc239037	101716	Click to see	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Viridiflorol	11996452	Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(C)O	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Viridiflorol (incomplete stereochemistry)	94174	Click to see CC1CCC2C1C3C(C3(C)C)CCC2(C)O	222.37	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Elemene	6918391	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eremophilane, 8,9-secoeremophilane and furoeremophilane sesquiterpenoids
4a,5-Dimethyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7-octahydronaphthalene	288227	Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(CC(CC2)C(=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Valencene	9855795	Click to see CC1CCC=C2C1(CC(CC2)C(=C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
Beta-Selinene	442393	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids
(S,1Z,6Z)-8-Isopropyl-1-methyl-5-methylenecyclodeca-1,6-diene	91723653	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Germacrene D	5317570	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C=CC(CC1)C(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Guaianes
Guaiazulene	3515	Click to see	198.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
Piperonal	8438	Click to see	150.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462
Safrole	5144	Click to see	162.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1995.9698462

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Cinnamomum parthenoxylon

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top