Lathraea squamaria
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffda51efbd070790000 |
| Scientific name | Lathraea squamaria |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 606 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Properties relevant to use:
- The plastid genome of Lathraea squamaria is highly reduced (~30–35 kb) and lacks the majority of photosynthetic genes, a feature documented in peer‑reviewed sequencing studies and deposited in public sequence repositories.
- Sequencing projects have identified loss of many nuclear‑encoded photosynthetic genes in L. squamaria, a hallmark of its obligate parasitic lifestyle.
- The plant is a holoparasite lacking chlorophyll; all carbon is derived from host roots, eliminating photosynthetic processes and simplifying mechanistic studies of plant‑plant parasitism.
- Morphologically, L. squamaria produces small, scale‑like stems and underground rhizomes that attach directly to host roots via specialized haustoria, making it a useful system for developmental anatomy investigations.
- Scanning electron microscopy studies have detailed the ultrastructure of haustoria in L. squamaria, providing anatomical data for comparative parasitism research.
- The species’ host range encompasses several grass species, facilitating studies of host specificity and co‑evolutionary dynamics.
- Herbarium specimens of L. squamaria are curated in major institutions (e.g., Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew), supporting taxonomic and morphological reference work.
Scientific/model organism uses:
- Sequencing data (organellar and transcriptome) from L. squamaria are publicly available (e.g., GenBank, NCBI) and serve as reference genomes for phylogenetic reconstruction and comparative analyses within Orobanchaceae.
- The species is employed as a model system for investigating the molecular basis of haustorial initiation, development, and signaling; peer‑reviewed studies have reported transcriptomic profiling of haustoria, providing insights into the genetic toolkit of parasitism.
- Comparative transcriptomic and genomic studies of L. squamaria versus photosynthetic relatives have been used to elucidate evolutionary trajectories of genome reduction and loss of photosynthetic capacity in obligate parasites.
- The reduced plastid genome provides a minimal model for studying plastid genome evolution and gene loss; data have been incorporated into databases such as the Chloroplast Genome Database for broader comparative genomics.
- L. squamaria is included in the NCBI Taxonomy database and in biodiversity platforms (e.g., GBIF), where it serves as a taxonomic exemplar for holoparasitic species and supports ecological distribution modeling.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lathraea simplex | Gray | Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 316 (1821 publ. 1822) |
| Lathraea staminea | Janka | Magyar Növényt. Lapok 10: 148 (1886) |
| Squamaria orobanche | Scop. | Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 438 (1771) |
| Anblatum tournefortii | G.Don | Gen. Hist. 4: 635 (1838) |
| Clandestina squamaria | (L.) Legrand | Fl. Anal. Berry : 197 (1887) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | common toothwort |
| English | toothwort |
| Arabic | ذؤنون الأرض |
| Belarusian | Грымотнік |
| Belarusian | Вясёлка |
| Belarusian | Цар-трава |
| Belarusian | Таемнік лускаваты |
| Catalan | lathrée écailleuse |
| Czech | podbílek šupinatý |
| Welsh | deintlys |
| Danish | almindelig skælrod |
| Danish | skælrod |
| German | aufrechte schuppenwurz |
| German | gewöhnliche schuppenwurz |
| German | schuppenwurz |
| German | lathrée écailleuse |
| Estonian | harilik käopäkk |
| Persian | علف دندان |
| Finnish | suomukka |
| Finnish | pähkinäsuomukka |
| French | lathrée écailleuse |
| French | clandestine écailleuse |
| Irish | slánú fiacal |
| Upper Sorbian | wšědna šupica |
| Hungarian | kónya vicsorgó |
| Armenian | Գաղտենի թեփուկավոր |
| Lithuanian | gegužinė žvynašaknė |
| Lithuanian | lathrée écailleuse |
| Latvian | sārtā bezlape |
| Norwegian Bokmål | skjellrot |
| Dutch | bleke schubwortel |
| Polish | Łuskiewnik różowy |
| Romanian | muma păduriiy |
| Russian | Петров крест чешуйчатый |
| Russian | Петров Крест обыкновенный |
| Slovak | zubovník šupinatý |
| Slovenian | lusnec |
| Slovenian | navadni lusnec |
| Serbian | Потајница |
| Swedish | lathrée écailleuse |
| Swedish | vätteros |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lathraea squamaria subsp. squamaria | Unknown | |
| Lathraea squamaria subsp. tatrica | Hadač | Rastlinstvo Doliny Siedmich Pramenov : 92 (1960) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Iran
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- East Himalaya
- West Himalaya
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- Krym
- Northwest European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000445615 |
| Tropicos | 23600246 |
| INPN | 105148 |
| Flora of Italy | 5020 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:662054-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2497842 |
| Plantarium | 22121 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 404932 |
| Observations.org | 2591 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 374711 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000004169 |
| IPNI | 662054-1 |
| iNaturalist | 61769 |
| GBIF | 3738478 |
| Freebase | /m/05n014q |
| EPPO | LATSQ |
| EOL | 2867029 |
| Elurikkus | 5392 |
| Wikipedia | Lathraea_squamaria |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_973357735.1 | daLatSqua1.hap1.1 | Chromosome | WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE | 2025-10-26 | 127 | 520.72 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Elaidolinolenic acid | 5282822 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 280.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Linolenic Acid | 5280934 | Click to see | 278.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[[(1R,4aS,5S,7aR)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162978280 | Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 508.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(1R,4aS,5S,7aR)-5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 7160345 | Click to see | 346.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| [(1R,4aS,5S,7aR)-5-hydroxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl benzoate | 163037622 | Click to see | 612.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| [5-Hydroxy-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl benzoate | 73802786 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OCC2=CC(C3C2C(OC=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| [5-Hydroxy-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl benzoate | 163037621 | Click to see | 612.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[5-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-1-yl]oxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | 162978278 | Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 508.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Aucubin | 91458 | Click to see C1=COC(C2C1C(C=C2CO)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 346.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| NCGC00169681-03_C22H26O10_[(1S)-1-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-5-hydroxy-1,4a,5,7a-tetrahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-7-yl]methyl benzoate | 5319332 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C(=O)OCC2=CC(C3C2C(OC=C3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Rhinanthin | 348157 | Click to see | 346.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 86821 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
| Stigmast-5-en-3-ol | 22012 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85164-M |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |