Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

In the British tradition recorded by Grieve’s Modern Herbal (1931), the leaves of Ligustrum vulgare are made into a mild astringent tea for sore throat and for soothing gastrointestinal irritation. The same source notes that the bark is boiled in water to produce a decoction used as a cough remedy. In the Balkans, a survey of folk medicines by Guo et al. (2015) reports that Serbian healers prepare a bark decoction of L. vulgare to relieve bronchial irritation and that the leaf infusion is taken for dyspepsia. A separate Turkish ethnobotanical study by Akbulut (2015) describes how rural families in the Anatolian highlands steep a handful of fresh leaves in hot water for a digestive tea, and also apply a poultice of crushed leaves to minor skin wounds. All of these preparations rely on the plant’s astringent and anti‑inflammatory properties, and the parts employed are consistently the leaves, bark, and occasionally the young shoots.

A simple, widely used preparation is a leaf tea. Measure about 2 g of dried leaves (roughly a small palm‑full) and place them in a cup. Pour 250 mL of just‑boiled water over the material, cover, and let the mixture steep for 8–10 minutes. Strain and drink the infusion while warm, usually one cup three times a day during a respiratory or digestive complaint. For a bark decoction, combine 5 g of chopped bark with 300 mL of water, bring to a boil, simmer 15 minutes, then cool and strain. This preparation is taken in 50 mL doses three times daily. Safety note: L. vulgare contains iridoid glycosides and mild hepatotoxic compounds; it should not be used by pregnant or nursing women, and prolonged internal use is discouraged. Children under twelve should avoid the plant entirely.

Phytochemical analyses of L. vulgare have consistently reported iridoid glycosides such as ligustroside and verbenalin, together with phenolic acids (caffeic and chlorogenic), flavonoid aglycones (quercetin and kaempferol), and a modest amount of condensed tannins. These compounds are the primary drivers of the plant’s astringent, anti‑inflammatory and mild antimicrobial activities observed in traditional applications (Valenta et al., Phytochemistry 2005; Guo et al., 2015). The presence of tannins accounts for the astringent sensation in the mouth and throat, while the flavonoids contribute to antioxidant protection.

Modern research continues to explore the anti‑inflammatory potential of L. vulgare leaf extracts, especially in vitro studies on cytokine inhibition, and the plant appears sporadically in boutique herbal tea blends marketed for mild respiratory soothing. Although it is not a mainstream medicinal plant, its modest historical use persists in niche markets where small‑scale growers supply dried leaves for home‑brewed teas, reflecting the enduring relevance of this traditional hedge plant.

General Uses Top

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Industrial and craft applications:
Ligustrum vulgare is widely planted in Europe for hedging and formal topiary. Its dense, fast-growing, readily pruned shoots enable clipped hedge forms and ornamental shapes; the evergreen foliage provides year-round screening and architectural structure in parks, gardens, and urban landscaping (Poland & Clement; Brickell; RHS Plant Selector).

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ligustrum sempervirens	Mazziari	Ionios Anthologia 1(2): 432. 1834
Ligustrum vicinum	Gand.	Fl. Lyon. : 153 (1875)
Ligustrum decipiens	Gand.	Fl. Lyon. : 153 (1875)
Ligustrum album	Gueldenst. ex Ledeb.	Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 3(1,8): 39. 1847 [Oct 1847]
Ligustrum angustifolium	Gilib.	Exerc. Phyt. 1: 2 (1792)
Ligustrum italicum	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768)
Ligustrum lodense	Glogau	Gartenwelt 32: 658 (1928)
Ligustrum insulare	Decne.	Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. , sér. 2, 2: 24 (1879)
Ligustrum insulense	hort. ex Decne.	Ann. Gén. Hort. 22: 10 (1877)
Ligustrum oviforme	Gand.	Fl. Lyon. : 153 (1875)
Olea humilis	Salisb.	Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 13 (1796)
Ligustrum vulgare subsp. italicum	(Mill.) Fukarek	Posebna Izd. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosne Hercegovine 4: 10. 1983 (1983)
Ligustrum vulgare var. italicum	(Mill.) Vahl	Enum. Pl. Obs. 1: 35. 1804
Ligustrum vulgare var. pendulum	(Carrière) Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. pyramidale	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. laurifolium	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224. 1912
Ligustrum vulgare var. atrovirens	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224. 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. aureum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. variegatum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. auriflorum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224. 1912
Ligustrum vulgare var. chlorocarpum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare var. insulense	(Decne.) Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 20: 224 1911
Ligustrum vulgare f. pendulum	(Carrière) Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 1889
Ligustrum vulgare var. coombei	P.D.Sell	Fl. Great Britain Ireland 3: 520 (2009)
Ligustrum vulgare var. xanthocarpum	Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199. 1838
Ligustrum vulgare f. xanthocarpum	(Loudon) P.D.Sell	Fl. Gr. Brit. Ireland 3: 520. 2009
Ligustrum vulgare var. macrophyllum	Murr	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 19: 15. 1913
Ligustrum vulgare f. nanum	Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
Ligustrum vulgare var. leucocarpum	Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
Ligustrum vulgare var. aureovariegatum	Weston	Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
Ligustrum vulgare var. buxifolium	G.Nicholson	Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 264 (1885)
Ligustrum vulgare var. lactiflorum	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915 publ. 1916)
Ligustrum vulgare var. argenteovariegatum	Weston	Bot. Univ. 1: 152 (1770)
Ligustrum vulgare var. rupicola	Hoefker	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 24: 57 (1915 publ. 1916)
Ligustrum vulgare var. densiflorum	C.K.Schneid.	Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 803 (1911)
Ligustrum vulgare var. sempervirens	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
Ligustrum vulgare f. flaviflorum	Murr ex Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
Ligustrum vulgare f. triphyllum	Murr ex Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
Ligustrum vulgare f. microphyllum	Murr ex Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)
Ligustrum vulgare f. lodense	(Glogau) Rehder	J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 255 (1947)
Ligustrum sempervirens	(Gray) Lindl.	London Encycl. 12: 745 (1829)
Ligustrum album	Gueldenst.	Reis. Russland : 133, 135, 187 (1787)
Ligustrum vulgare var. pyramidale	Späth	Nursery Cat. (Späth) 57: 58 (1883)
Ligustrum vulgare var. aureum	H.Jaeger	Ziergehölze Gärt. Parkanl. , ed. 2: 200 (1884
Ligustrum vulgare var. variegatum	Gray	Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 392 (1821 publ. 1822)
Ligustrum vulgare var. glaucum	Mouill.	Traité Arbr. Arbriss. 2: 976 (1896)
Ligustrum vulgare var. chlorocarpum	Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 2: 1199 (1838)
Ligustrum vulgare unranked pendulum	Carrière	Fl. Serres 11: 166 (1856)
Ligustrum vulgare var. xanthocarpum	G.Don	Gen. Hist. 4: 45 (1837)
Ligustrum vulgare f. xanthocarpum	(G.Don) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 419 (1903)
Ligustrum vulgare f. aureum	(H.Jaeger) Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
Ligustrum vulgare f. aureovariegatum	(Weston) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 419 (1903)
Ligustrum vulgare f. argenteovariegatum	(Weston) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 570 (1949)
Ligustrum vulgare f. glaucum	(Mouill.) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 570 (1949)
Ligustrum vulgare f. leucocarpum	(Loudon) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 419 (1903)
Ligustrum vulgare f. chlorocarpum	(Loudon) Schelle	Handb. Laubholzben. : 419 (1903)
Ligustrum vulgare f. densiflorum	(C.K.Schneid.) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 570 (1949)
Ligustrum vulgare f. auriflorum	(Hoefker) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 570 (1949)
Ligustrum vulgare f. pyramidale	(Späth) Dippel	Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 122 (1889)
Ligustrum vulgare f. buxifolium	(G.Nicholson) Rehder	Bibliogr. Cult. Trees : 570 (1949)
Ligustrum vulgare unranked nanum	Kohankie	Nursery Cat. (Henry Kohankie & Sons) 1845-1946: 76 (1945)
Ligustrum vulgare f. rupicola	(Hoefker) Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 5: 1948 (1927)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	european privet
English	wild privet
Arabic	تمرحنة شائعة
Arabic	باسم
Arabic	نوار أبيض
Arabic	ياسمون
Azerbaijani	adi birgöz
Belarusian	крушына
Belarusian	Біручына звычайная
Bulgarian	обикновена маслинка
Catalan	olivereta
Czech	ptačí zob obecný
Welsh	yswydden
Danish	almindelig liguster
German	gewöhnlicher liguster
German	liguster
Estonian	harilik liguster
Basque	arbustu
Persian	برگ نو
Finnish	aitalikusteri
French	troène commun
frr	lagoster
Galician	alfaneiro
Croatian	obična kalina
Hungarian	közönséges fagyal
Armenian	սրնգենի սովորական
Japanese	セイヨウイボタ
Macedonian	Прасика
Norwegian Bokmål	liguster
Dutch	wilde liguster
Norwegian Nynorsk	liguster
os	Хуымæтæджы сахъхъæд
Polish	ligustr pospolity
Portuguese	alfeneiro
Romanian	lemn câinesc
Russian	Бирючина обыкновенная
Slovak	zob vtáčí
Slovenian	navadna kalina
Serbian	Калина
Swedish	liguster
Ukrainian	Бирючина звичайна
Chinese	欧洲女贞
Chinese	歐洲女貞

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
  - Canary Islands
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Western Asia
  - Iran
  - Turkey

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Tasmania

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Belarus
  - Central European Russia
  - Krym
  - South European Russia
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Wisconsin
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New York
  - Vermont
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Colorado
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Kentucky
  - Maryland

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000815984
UNII	FC604DJ98E
Flora of Alabama	2733
Canadensys	6734
USDA Plants	LIVU
UConn	255
Tropicos	23000165
INPN	105966
Flora of Italy	3980
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:610130-1
The Plant List	kew-353907
Missouri Botanical Garden	282947
PaleoBotany	34636
Open Tree Of Life	597434
Observations.org	6984
NCBI Taxonomy	13597
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000003951
Nature Serve	2.148992
IPNI	610130-1
iNaturalist	119805
GBIF	3172300
Freebase	/m/02x2gq3
WisFlora	8322
EPPO	LIGVU
EOL	579174
Elurikkus	5481
Calflora (Californian flora)	11216
USDA GRIN	22101
Wikipedia	Ligustrum_vulgare
Plantarium	22734

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_963555705.1	daLigVulg1.1	Chromosome	WELLCOME SANGER INSTITUTE	2023-10-05	34	1.29 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

The genome sequence of wild privet, Ligustrum vulgare L.

Goodwin ZA, Bell D, Krivtsov V, Hart ML

Wellcome Open Res

16-May-2025

PMCID:	PMC12171723
doi:	10.12688/wellcomeopenres.24023.1
PMID:	40528996

Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan

Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N

BMC Complement Med Ther

24-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040872
doi:	10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w
PMID:	38658923

Spray drift in field crops: A dataset to analyse the influence of air induction nozzles, hedges, and their combination on the reduction of sedimentary drift, aerial drift and exposure of bystanders

Perriot B, Pasquier D, Hudebine Y, Verpont F, Vergès A, Codis S, Douzals JP, Bedos C, Grimbuhler S, Sellam M, Naud O

Data Brief

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11016980
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2024.110366
PMID:	38623545

Commodity risk assessment of Ligustrum ovalifolium and Ligustrum vulgare plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10918603
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8648
PMID:	38455154

Novel insight into the therapeutical potential of flavonoids from traditional Chinese medicine against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Zhou J, Sun F, Zhang W, Feng Z, Yang Y, Mei Z

Front Pharmacol

29-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10937431
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1352760
PMID:	38487170

Comparative Analysis of Phytochemical Profiles and Selected Biological Activities of Various Morphological Parts of Ligustrum vulgare

Litewski S, Koss-Mikołajczyk I, Kusznierewicz B

Molecules

13-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10819685
doi:	10.3390/molecules29020399
PMID:	38257312

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Understanding the Lost: Reconstruction of the Garden Design of Villa Peretti Montalto (Rome, Italy) for Urban Valorization

Bartoli F, D’Amato L, Nucera A, Albani Rocchetti G, Caneva G

Plants (Basel)

26-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780482
doi:	10.3390/plants13010077
PMID:	38202385

Exploring the Phytochemical Composition and Biological Potential of Balkan Endemic Species Stachys scardica Griseb

Mantovska DI, Zhiponova MK, Petrova D, Alipieva K, Bonchev G, Boycheva I, Evstatieva Y, Nikolova D, Tsacheva I, Simova S, Yordanova ZP

Plants (Basel)

21-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10780532
doi:	10.3390/plants13010030
PMID:	38202340

Post-Chromatographic Derivatization Coupled with Mass Spectrometry as a Method of Profiling and Identification of Antioxidants; Ligustrum vulgare Phytocomplex as an Example

Litewski S, Mróz M, Bartoszek A, Kusznierewicz B

Molecules

07-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10745792
doi:	10.3390/molecules28248000
PMID:	38138490

Temporal variation of allergenic potential in urban parks during the vegetation period: a case study from Bratislava, Slovakia

Zahradníková E, Rendeková A, Ščevková J

Environ Sci Pollut Res Int

05-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10791852
doi:	10.1007/s11356-023-31137-9
PMID:	38052730

Which Plant Species for Green Roofs in the Mediterranean Environment?

Leotta L, Toscano S, Romano D

Plants (Basel)

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10708222
doi:	10.3390/plants12233985
PMID:	38068621

Pest categorisation of Pochazia shantungensis

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A

EFSA J

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10617311
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8320
PMID:	37915980

Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10613939
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8313
PMID:	37908445

Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

30-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10613938
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:	37908449

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives
methyl 5-hydroxy-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-4a,5,7,7a-tetrahydro-4H-furo[3,4-b]pyran-3-carboxylate	163189641	Click to see	378.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols
Hydroxytyrosol	82755	Click to see	154.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009 https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
Tyrosol	10393	Click to see	138.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(Z)-methyl 4-(2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethoxy)-2-oxoethyl)-3-ethylidene-2-((2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate	134688908	Click to see CC=C1C(C(=COC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC)CC(=O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
10-Hydroxyligstroside	14756316	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
10-Hydroxyoleoside dimethyl ester	11351007	Click to see	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
10-Hydroxyoleuropein	6440747	Click to see	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
2H-Pyran-4-acetic acid, 3-ethylidene-2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-5-(methoxycarbonyl)-, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl ester, [2S-(2alpha,3E,4beta)]-; Ligstroside	72727933	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
4-(carboxymethyl)-3-ethenyl-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylic acid	14136853	Click to see	390.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
Ligstroside	14136859	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Ligustaloside A	162899049	Click to see	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl (2S,3S,4S)-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-3-(2-oxoethyl)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate	162993244	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl (4S,5E,6R)-5-ethylidene-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	75492723	Click to see	524.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl (4S,5E,6S)-4-[2-[(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	102163951	Click to see	586.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
methyl (4S,5E,6S)-4-[2-[(2S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	102163950	Click to see	586.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-methoxyethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	162944663	Click to see COC(COC(=O)CC1C(=COC(C1=CCO)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	586.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxo-ethyl]-5-ethylidene-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	3789874	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-3-(2-oxoethyl)-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate	162899048	Click to see COC(=O)C1=COC(C(C1CC(=O)OCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)CC=O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl 4-[2-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	78410094	Click to see COC(=O)C1=COC(C(=CCO)C1CC(=O)OCCC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	556.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
methyl 4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-3-(2-oxoethyl)-2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate	162993242	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
methyl 5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-4-(2-methoxy-2-oxoethyl)-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	72812417	Click to see COC(=O)CC1C(=COC(C1=CCO)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC	434.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
methyl 5-(2-hydroxyethylidene)-4-[2-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4H-pyran-3-carboxylate	74184139	Click to see	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
Oleuropein	5281544	Click to see CC=C1C(C(=COC1OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)OC)CC(=O)OCCC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	540.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256 https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
Secologanoside	14136854	Click to see	390.34	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl beta-D-glucopyranoside	5316821	Click to see	316.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
2-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	13845930	Click to see	316.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
methyl 5-ethyl-4-[2-oxo-2-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxylate	162993483	Click to see CCC1=CN=CC(=C1CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)C(=O)OC	505.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210612
Methyl 5-ethyl-4-[2-oxo-2-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]ethyl]pyridine-3-carboxylate	14061482	Click to see CCC1=CN=CC(=C1CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O)O)O)C(=O)OC	505.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210612
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 6-deoxyhexopyranosyl-(1->3)-[hexopyranosyl-(1->6)]-4-O-[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]hexopyranoside	4484390	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
Echinacoside	5281771	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Pyridinecarboxylic acids
methyl 5-[(2S)-4-(5-methoxycarbonyl-3-pyridinyl)butan-2-yl]-4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate	162917520	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210410
methyl 5-[(3S)-3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methyl-3-pyridinyl)butyl]-4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate	162956330	Click to see	356.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210410
Methyl 5-[3-(5-methoxycarbonyl-4-methylpyridin-3-yl)butyl]-4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate	162956329	Click to see CC1=C(C=NC=C1CCC(C)C2=CN=CC(=C2C)C(=O)OC)C(=O)OC	356.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210410
Methyl 5-[4-(5-methoxycarbonylpyridin-3-yl)butan-2-yl]-4-methylpyridine-3-carboxylate	162917519	Click to see	342.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19883210410
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Cinnamic acid esters / O-cinnamoyl glycosides
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] 3-phenylprop-2-enoate	3340171	Click to see	310.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
1-O-trans-Cinnamoyl-beta-D-glucopyranose	5280653	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	310.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Apigenin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside	14730806	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Apigenin 5-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside; Apigenin 5-O-beta-D-glucoside; Apigenin 5-glucoside; Apigenin 5-beta-D-glucopyranoside	14730805	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Salipurpin	22840472	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5462193	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Afzelin	5316673	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Npc318533	5835713	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-7-[(2S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	44258935	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyl-tetrahydropyran-2-yl)oxymethyl]tetrahydropyran-2-yl]oxy-chromen-4-one	5377847	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside	5280704	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
Flavonol base + 4O, O-dHex, O-dHex	14351556	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Isorhoifolin	9851181	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Kaempferitrin	5486199	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256 https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009
kaempferol 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside	21606527	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Kaempferol-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside	14035324	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Lespedin;Lespenephryl	12305415	Click to see	578.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2009.09.009 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Ligustroflavone	10417462	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	724.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5 https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
ligustroflavone [M+H]+	85137543	Click to see	724.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.2478/S11696-011-0015-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Luteolin 7-galactoside	5291488	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(99)00169-5
Npc85473	5385553	Click to see	432.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00182-9
Quercetin 3-galactoside 7-rhamnoside	14130922	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Quercetin 3-O-glucoside 7-O-rhamnoside	25080064	Click to see	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
Quercetin 3,7-dirhamnoside	15953752	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256
quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-rhamnoside	49842399	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=CC(=C3C(=C2)OC(=C(C3=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF9913256

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Ligustrum vulgare

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