Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fecdfb7174280053468
Scientific name Sideritis taurica
Authority Willd.
First published in Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 3: 66 (1800)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Dried aerial parts (flowers, leaves, stems) marketed as herbal tea or flavoring ingredient.
- Steam‑distilled essential oil supplied by specialty essential‑oil suppliers for aromatic applications.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Essential oil is obtained by hydrodistillation or steam distillation of fresh or partially dried aerial parts; yields reported in the literature range from 0.3 % to 0.8 % (v/w) of fresh biomass.
- The oil is supplied to perfumery houses, fragrance manufacturers, and craft suppliers for use in scented candles, soaps, lotions, and creams.
- Plant material serves as a voucher specimen for molecular phylogenetic studies (e.g., ITS sequencing) and as a source of extracts in chemotaxonomic investigations of the genus Sideritis.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- Dried S. taurica is used in ready‑to‑brew tea bags and in bottled herbal beverage blends, providing a mild herbaceous flavor without pharmacological claims.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
- The oil’s aromatic profile, dominated by monoterpenes (α‑pinene, β‑pinene, 1,8‑cineole) and sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene, α‑humulene), is incorporated into fine‑fragrance compositions, scented soaps, lotions, and creams.
- Its high monoterpene content provides a fresh, pine‑like top note while the sesquiterpene fraction contributes a warm, lingering dry‑down; the presence of 1,8‑cineole and camphor imparts a slight cooling sensation attractive for summer‑season fragrance lines.

Properties relevant to use:
- Typical composition (reported in literature): α‑pinene (≈10–15 % v/v), β‑pinene (≈5–8 %), 1,8‑cineole (≈8–12 %), camphor (≈5–7 %), caryophyllene (≈3–5 %), α‑humulene (≈2–4 %), caryophyllene oxide (≈1–3 %).
- Physical constants: specific gravity 0.910–0.935 at 20 °C; refractive index 1.472–1.485; optical rotation typically −5° to +5°, consistent with terpenic oils and useful for quality‑control assessments.
- The balance of volatile monoterpenes and less‑volatile sesquiterpenes yields a balanced fragrance profile and favorable solubility in alcoholic bases.

Standards and regulation:
- Essential‑oil quality follows ISO 11014 (density and refractive index) and ISO 279 (specification) for identity and purity.
- Use as a flavoring in foods must comply with EU Regulation (EU) No 1334/2008, requiring listing in the Union List and respect for maximum use levels.
- Cosmetic applications are subject to EU Regulation (EC) No 1223/2009, which governs fragrance substances and permissible concentration limits.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species is traditionally wild‑harvested from mountainous habitats in the Balkans and Turkey; the IUCN lists S. taurica as vulnerable in Turkey, prompting collection quotas.
- Recent agronomic trials in the Aegean region show successful seed propagation under controlled greenhouse conditions, with transplant survival exceeding 80 %, offering a sustainable alternative.
- Some producers maintain seed‑banking and reforestation programs to preserve genetic diversity and reduce pressure on wild populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Navicularia syriaca subsp. distans (Willd.) Soják Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 79 (1979 publ. 1980)
Navicularia syriaca subsp. taurica (Steph. ex Willd.) Soják Cas. Nár. Mus., Odd. Prír. 148: 79 (1979 publ. 1980)
Sideritis chlorostegia Juz. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 14: 24 (1951)
Sideritis distans Willd. Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 3: 66 (1800)
Sideritis dura Benth. Labiat. Gen. Spec. : 576 (1834)
Sideritis georgica K.Koch Linnaea 21: 694 (1849)
Sideritis scythica Juz. Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 13: 296 (1950)
Sideritis syriaca Pall. ex M.Bieb. Fl. Taur.-Caucas. 2: 43 (1808)
Sideritis syriaca subsp. taurica (Steph. ex Willd.) Gladkova Fl. Evropeískoí Chasti SSSR 3: 143 (1978)
Sideritis taurica var. dimorpha Fisch. & C.A.Mey. Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 6: 65 (1840)

Common names Top

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Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000310492
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:459113-1
The Plant List kew-191687
Open Tree Of Life 290038
Observations.org 147165
NCBI Taxonomy 155266
IPNI 459113-1
iNaturalist 940252
GBIF 7307360
Elurikkus 586215
USDA GRIN 33909

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Chemical profile of the Anatolian Sideritis species with bioactivity studies Çarıkçı S, Kılıç T, Gören AC, Dirmenci T, Alim Toraman GÖ, Topçu G Pharm Biol 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC11001281
doi:10.1080/13880209.2023.2280253
PMID:37990887
Screening for antibacterial activity of some Turkish plants against fish pathogens: a possible alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections Turker H, Yıldırım AB Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 17-Feb-2015
PMCID:PMC4433805
doi:10.1080/13102818.2015.1006445
PMID:26019642
Phytochemical and pharmacological studies on Sideritis taurica Stephan ex Wild. Aboutabl EA, Nassar MI, Elsakhawy FM, Maklad YA, Osman AF, El-Khrisy EA J Ethnopharmacol 01-Oct-2002
doi:10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
PMID:12241993
A diterpene, distanol, from Sideritis distans Pietro Venturella, Aurora Bellino, Marialuisa Marino Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97899-3

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Docosane 12405 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 310.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Eicosane 8222 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Hexacosane 12407 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 366.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Hexadecane 11006 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 226.44 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Octacosane 12408 Click to see 394.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Octadecane 11635 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 254.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Tetracosane 12592 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 338.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Tetradecane 12389 Click to see 198.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Triacontane 12535 Click to see 422.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Tricosane 12534 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 324.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
Eicosanoic Acid 10467 Click to see 312.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Hexadecadienoic Acid 5312421 Click to see 252.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Hexadecadienoic acid, (Z,Z)- 185666 Click to see 252.39 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Myristic Acid 11005 Click to see 228.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Oleic Acid 445639 Click to see 282.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Palmitic Acid 985 Click to see 256.42 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Palmitoleic Acid 445638 Click to see CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)O 254.41 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Pentadeca-2,4-dienoic acid 54493784 Click to see 238.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Pentadecaenoic acid 53887649 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC(=O)O 240.38 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Pentadecanoic Acid 13849 Click to see 242.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Stearic Acid 5281 Click to see 284.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids
Capric Acid 2969 Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 172.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Lauric Acid 3893 Click to see 200.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
2-Tetracosenoic acid 152909 Click to see 366.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Docosanoic Acid 8215 Click to see 340.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Lignoceric Acid 11197 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O 368.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Tetracosenoic Acid 6440260 Click to see 366.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives
Elaidolinolenic acid 5282822 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Linoleic Acid 5280450 Click to see 280.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Linolenic Acid 5280934 Click to see 278.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1R,2S,4S,5S,9R,10S,13R,14R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9,14-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-2,14-diol 163005766 Click to see 322.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97899-3
5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5,9,14-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-2,14-diol 163005765 Click to see CC1(CCCC2(C1CC(C34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(C)O)O)C)CO 322.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97899-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Alpha-Amyrin 73170 Click to see 426.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Squalene 638072 Click to see 410.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Cholesterol 5997 Click to see 386.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol 312822 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
(3S,8S,9S,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 134766514 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 8-methoxypsoralens
8-Methoxypsoralen 4114 Click to see 216.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00172-1

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