Ocimum campechianum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fe4c13ac78142664732 |
| Scientific name | Ocimum campechianum |
| Authority | Mill. |
| First published in | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 5 (1768) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Essential oil distilled from foliage and aerial parts (Ocimum campechianum leaf oil), rich in phenylpropanoids; leaves used fresh as a culinary herb and spice; hydrodistillation yields a fragrant oil containing eugenol as a major component, often alongside methyl eugenol and other monoterpenes.
Industrial and craft applications:
Eugenol-rich oil is utilized as a fragrance material and flavor agent. The oil and extracts are explored as botanical insecticide and repellent agents, with activity shown against storage pest insects and larvae.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Leaves and shoots are used as a culinary herb and seasoning in Latin America and the Caribbean; the fresh herb is used to flavor savory dishes and as a condiment. Essential oil components (eugenol, methyl eugenol) are employed as flavoring substances in food and beverages according to applicable flavor regulations.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
The oil is used in perfumery and as a fragrance ingredient in soaps and related products. Methyl eugenol is present in some oil compositions and is subject to restrictions in fragrance use under international guidelines.
Properties relevant to use:
Eugenol content drives antimicrobial and insecticidal activity; phenylpropanoid-rich chemistry and moderate volatility facilitate repellent and larvicidal effects; characteristic odor profile with spicy/clove-like notes suits fragrance applications. Composition varies by chemotype, with eugenol often dominant.
Standards and regulation:
Flavor use of eugenol and methyl eugenol is governed by national and international flavor standards and exposure limits. Fragrance use of methyl eugenol is restricted under IFRA Standards; the United States EPA regulates essential-oil-derived products for pesticide uses when they are marketed for such purposes.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Propagation occurs via seed and cuttings; plants are weedy and easily cultivated, which can facilitate small-scale oil production in tropical regions. Sustainable harvesting of wild or cultivated foliage and seasonal harvesting of aerial parts for oil distillation are documented. Monitoring for methyl eugenol in oils and compliance with IFRA restrictions support safer fragrance supply chains.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Ocimum guatemalense | Gand. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 67 (1918) |
| Ocimum micranthum | Willd. | Enum. Pl. : 630 (1809) |
| Ocimum montanum | Hook. | Bot. Mag. 57: t. 2996 (1830) |
| Ocimum pubescens | Mill. ex Benth. | Labiat. Gen. Spec. : 13 (1832) |
| Ocimum flexuosum | Thunb. | Pl. Bras. 2: 23 (1818) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | least basil |
| Spanish | albacaron |
| Spanish | albacarón |
| Spanish | hierba de toro |
| Persian | اسیموم کامپچیانوم |
| ht | atiyayo |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Florida
-
Mexico
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Southwest Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Argentina Northwest
- Chile North
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Peru
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Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000253244 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 753 |
| USDA Plants | OCCA5 |
| Tropicos | 17602147 |
| INPN | 630235 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:452886-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-136834 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3882787 |
| Observations.org | 209607 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 1076884 |
| Nature Serve | 2.137170 |
| IPNI | 452886-1 |
| iNaturalist | 83257 |
| GBIF | 2927098 |
| Freebase | /m/0n4bt88 |
| EPPO | OCICM |
| EOL | 595285 |
| Elurikkus | 335810 |
| USDA GRIN | 413975 |
| Wikipedia | Ocimum_campechianum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols | |||||
| Eugenol | 3314 | Click to see | 164.20 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| beta-OCIMENE, (3E)- | 5281553 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Linalool | 6549 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Myrcene | 31253 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (+-)-alpha-Pinene | 6654 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| (+)-Camphene | 92221 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(C2)C1=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Beta-Pinene | 14896 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 |
| Camphene | 6616 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Sabinene | 18818 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| 4-Terpineol, (+/-)- | 11230 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Alpha-Terpineol | 17100 | Click to see | 154.25 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| 1-Ethenyl-1,2-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidene-2-prop-1-en-2-ylcyclohexane | 5317024 | Click to see | 218.38 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| 2-Isopropenyl-1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylidene)-1-vinylcyclohexane | 6432312 | Click to see CC(=C1CCC(C(C1)C(=C)C)(C)C=C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 |
| Caryophyllene | 5281515 | Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Elemane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| 2-(4-Ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(prop-1-en-2-yl)cyclohexyl)propan-2-ol | 547972 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 |
| Beta-Elemene | 6918391 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
| Elemol | 92138 | Click to see | 222.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02907824 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Selinene | 442393 | Click to see | 204.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00091A025 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |