Monarda citriodora in Genus Monarda

Details Top

Internal ID	UUID643fe39281fc8912368679
Scientific name	Monarda citriodora
Authority	Cerv. ex Lag.
First published in	Gen. Sp. Pl. : 2 (1816)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
• Essential oil (steam-distilled herb/flower spikes) used as a fragrance material and flavor ingredient.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Employed in fragrance compositions for soaps, detergents, candles, and aromatherapy-type products where a fresh, lemony–herbaceous note is desired. The oil is also used as a flavor component, typically in small quantities, to impart citrus–mint accents to beverages, confectionery, and savory blends. The principal aroma contributors reported include pulegone, menthone, limonene, caryophyllene, and germacrene D. IFRA has pulegone restrictions that affect the practical fragrance usage levels of this oil.

Properties relevant to use:
• Chemotype-dependent profile; high pulegone chemotypes present monoterpene ketone-rich notes with strong lemon/peppermint character. IFRA recommendations on pulepone presence guide quantitative limits in consumer products. Flavor uses rely on dose-controlled, food-grade extracts and are subject to regulatory guidance for added flavoring substances in food.

Synonyms Top

No known synonyms.

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	lemon beebalm
English	lemon mint
German	zitronen-monarde
German	duftende indianernessel
German	indianerminze
German	präriebergamotte
German	präriegoldmelisse
German	zitronengoldmelisse
German	zitronenmonarde
Finnish	sitruunaväriminttu
Upper Sorbian	citronowa zawobalenka
Russian	Монарда лимонная
Swedish	citrontemynta
Ukrainian	Монарда лимонна
Chinese	橘香美国薄荷
Chinese	橘香薄荷

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Monarda citriodora var. austromontana	(Epling) B.L.Turner	Phytologia 77: 61 (1994)
Monarda citriodora var. citriodora		Unknown
Monarda citriodora var. parva	Scora	Madroño 18: 120 (1965)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Northwest
  - Mexico Southwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Illinois
  - Kansas
  - Missouri
  - Oklahoma
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Kentucky
  - Tennessee
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - Utah

Links to other databases Top

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Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000245301
Florida Plant Atlas	1586
Flora of Alabama	2426
USDA Plants	MOCI
Tropicos	17601512
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:452023-1
The Plant List	kew-129163
Missouri Botanical Garden	281493
PFAF	Monarda citriodora
Open Tree Of Life	990048
NCBI Taxonomy	182379
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000460753
Nature Serve	2.155744
IPNI	452023-1
iNaturalist	122587
GBIF	5341423
Freebase	/m/08whb2
EPPO	MOACI
EOL	579701
Calflora (Californian flora)	8618
USDA GRIN	312135
Wikipedia	Monarda_citriodora

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_028566335.1	ASM2856633v1	Scaffold	Iridian Genomes	2023-02-09	85	372.43 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Endophytic fungal species Nigrospora oryzae and Alternaria alternata exhibit antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative multi-drug resistant clinical bacterial isolates

Fanele A, Ndlovu SI

BMC Complement Med Ther

15-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10504728
doi:	10.1186/s12906-023-04157-8
PMID:	37715184

Current status of research on endophytes of traditional Tibetan medicinal plant and their metabolites

Hu D, Long X, Luobu T, Wang Q

3 Biotech

11-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10495306
doi:	10.1007/s13205-023-03720-x
PMID:	37705864

Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Asia Callicarpa (Lamiaceae), with consideration of a long-distance dispersal across the Pacific Ocean —insights into divergence modes of pantropical flora

Cai H, Liu X, Wang W, Ma Z, Li B, Bramley GL, Zhang D

Front Plant Sci

15-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10225572
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1133157
PMID:	37255555

Endophytic fungi mediates production of bioactive secondary metabolites via modulation of genes involved in key metabolic pathways and their contribution in different biotechnological sector

Toppo P, Kagatay LL, Gurung A, Singla P, Chakraborty R, Roy S, Mathur P

3 Biotech

14-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10183385
doi:	10.1007/s13205-023-03605-z
PMID:	37197561

Comparative HPLC–DAD–ESI-QTOF/MS/MS Analysis of Bioactive Phenolic Compounds Content in the Methanolic Extracts from Flowering Herbs of Monarda Species and Their Free Radical Scavenging and Antimicrobial Activities

Kozyra M, Biernasiuk A, Wiktor M, Kukula-Koch W, Malm A

Pharmaceutics

16-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10053500
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics15030964
PMID:	36986824

Growth-Promoting Characteristics of Fungal and Bacterial Endophytes Isolated from a Drought-Tolerant Mint Species Endostemon obtusifolius (E. Mey. ex Benth.) N. E. Br

Ogbe AA, Gupta S, Stirk WA, Finnie JF, Van Staden J

Plants (Basel)

01-Feb-2023

PMCID:	PMC9921005
doi:	10.3390/plants12030638
PMID:	36771720

Microbiome Analysis of the Bamboo Aphid Melanaphis bambusae Infected with the Aphid Obligate Pathogen Conidiobolus obscurus (Entomophthoromycotina)

Yang T, Wang X, Zhou X

Insects

10-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9692958
doi:	10.3390/insects13111040
PMID:	36354864

Exploring the anticancer activities of novel bioactive compounds derived from endophytic fungi: mechanisms of action, current challenges and future perspectives

Kousar R, Naeem M, Jamaludin MI, Arshad A, Shamsuri AN, Ansari N, Akhtar S, Hazafa A, Uddin J, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A

Am J Cancer Res

15-Jul-2022

PMCID:	PMC9360238
PMID:	35968347

Reinventory of the vascular plants of Mormon Island Crane Meadows after forty years of restoration, invasion, and climate change

Caven AJ, Wiese JD

Heliyon

03-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9192816
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09640
PMID:	35711997

Il Silenzio: The First Renaissance Oil Painting on Canvas from the Uffizi Museum Restored with a Safe, Green Antimicrobial Emulsion Based on Citrus aurantium var. amara Hydrolate and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Essential Oil

Minotti D, Vergari L, Proto MR, Barbanti L, Garzoli S, Bugli F, Sanguinetti M, Sabatini L, Peduzzi A, Rosato R, Bellardi MG, Mattarelli P, De Luca D, Di Vito M

J Fungi (Basel)

29-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8874936
doi:	10.3390/jof8020140
PMID:	35205894

Diversity and biological activity of culturable endophytic bacteria associated with marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)

Shurigin V, Alaylar B, Davranov K, Wirth S, Bellingrath-Kimura SD, Egamberdieva D

AIMS Microbiol

13-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8500798
doi:	10.3934/microbiol.2021021
PMID:	34708176

The Volatile Phytochemistry of Monarda Species Growing in South Alabama

Lawson SK, Satyal P, Setzer WN

Plants (Basel)

04-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8000036
doi:	10.3390/plants10030482
PMID:	33806521

Is the Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrolates Lower than that of Essential Oils?

Di Vito M, Smolka A, Proto MR, Barbanti L, Gelmini F, Napoli E, Bellardi MG, Mattarelli P, Beretta G, Sanguinetti M, Bugli F

Antibiotics (Basel)

18-Jan-2021

PMCID:	PMC7831920
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics10010088
PMID:	33477717

Natural Products as Fungicide and Their Role in Crop Protection

Santra HK, Banerjee D

Natural Bioactive Products in Sustainable Agriculture

12-May-2020

PMCID:	PMC7212785
doi:	10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_9

Nanoencapsulated Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. essential oil as potential antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic agent against deterioration of stored functional foods

Deepika, Singh A, Chaudhari AK, Das S, Dubey NK

J Food Sci Technol

04-Mar-2020

PMCID:	PMC7316916
doi:	10.1007/s13197-020-04318-4
PMID:	32624592

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
Gamma-Terpinene	7461	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids
Carvacrol	10364	Click to see CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(C)C)O	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
P-Cymene	7463	Click to see	134.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
Thymol	6989	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
4-Terpineol, (+/-)-	11230	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)(C(C)C)O	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
Alpha-Terpinene	7462	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
Alpha-Terpineol	17100	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
Caryophyllene	5281515	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives
Ethinylestradiol	5991	Click to see	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1994.9698320

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Monarda citriodora

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top