Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Ajuga parviflora has been recorded as a simple infusion plant in the eastern Himalaya and adjacent hill regions. Among the Khasi and Garo of Meghalaya, India, leaves are infused to relieve colic and minor stomach complaints (Shah et al., 2016). In western Sikkim and eastern Nepal, leaves are similarly taken as a tea to treat fevers and “common colds,” while poultices of crushed leaves are applied to wounds and joint aches (Kunwar et al., 2010). Hill communities in Uttarakhand also record leaf infusions for colic and digestive upset, and a leaf poultice for topical aches, according to a regional ethnobotanical survey of the northwestern Himalayas (Silori, 2013). In northwest and central Bangladesh, community records note that the plant is used medicinally, but details of dosage and preparation vary (Rahman et al., 2014). Across these areas, preparation is straightforward: fresh or dried leaves are used, and infusions are made by pouring just-boiled water over the plant material.

Practical preparation: To make a mild leaf infusion, place 10–12 g of fresh leaves (or 4–6 g dried) into a cup, add 250 mL of just-boiled water, cover, and steep 10–15 minutes. Drink 1 cup up to 2–3 times per day as needed for mild stomach discomfort or low-grade fever. A simple leaf poultice can be prepared by crushing enough fresh leaves to cover the affected area, applying directly, and changing or rinsing every few hours. Internal use is traditionally limited to short periods and should be avoided in pregnancy or by people taking anticoagulants due to potential antiplatelet activity; as with any herbal medicine, stop if symptoms persist or worsen.

Traditional use plausibly relates to the species’ established chemistry. Phytochemical profiles for Ajuga parviflora document iridoid glycosides (ajugoside, aucubin), phenylpropanoids such as verbascoside, flavonoids including quercetin and kaempferol, and neoclerodane diterpenoids (columbianadin and related compounds) (Patel et al., 2006; Kumar et al., 2016). These compounds are well known for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antimicrobial effects in related Ajuga species and likely underpin the infusions’ digestive, antipyretic, and poultice applications. No other classes are included here.

Ajuga parviflora remains locally available and still used as a mild home remedy in Meghalaya, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Nepal, while preliminary pharmacological studies continue to support traditional indications (Kumar et al., 2016).

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Bulga brachystemon	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. : 512 (1891)
Bulga parviflora	Kuntze	Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 512 (1891)
Ajuga depressa	Maxim.	Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, 29: 192 (1883)
Ajuga brachystemon	Maxim.	Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, 29: 192 (1883)
Ajuga parviflora var. depressa	Hook.f.	Fl. Brit. India 4: 703 (1885)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
Arabic	عجوقة صغيرة الزهرة
Arabic	عجوقة قصيرة

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Afghanistan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - West Himalaya

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000934858
Tropicos	17600015
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:444647-1
The Plant List	kew-5361
Open Tree Of Life	5793029
NCBI Taxonomy	1585252
IPNI	444647-1
iNaturalist	874292
GBIF	3886822
Tropicos	17600010
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:444534-1
The Plant List	kew-5176
Open Tree Of Life	6086032
IPNI	444534-1
iNaturalist	902226
GBIF	3888007

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Hepatoprotective effect of hydromethanol extract of Otostegia integrifolia benth leaves in isoniazid and rifampicin induced Swiss albino mice

Gugsa E, Molla TS, Bekele T, Dejenie TA

Metabol Open

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10728564
doi:	10.1016/j.metop.2023.100255
PMID:	38115863

Ethnobotanical Insights into Medicinal and Culinary Plant Use: The Dwindling Traditional Heritage of the Dard Ethnic Group in the Gurez Region of the Kashmir Valley, India

Ahad L, Hassan M, Amjad MS, Mir RA, Vitasović-Kosić I, Bussmann RW, Binish Z

Plants (Basel)

17-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10610420
doi:	10.3390/plants12203599
PMID:	37896062

Phytochemicals as Antimicrobials: Prospecting Himalayan Medicinal Plants as Source of Alternate Medicine to Combat Antimicrobial Resistance

Ashraf MV, Pant S, Khan MA, Shah AA, Siddiqui S, Jeridi M, Alhamdi HW, Ahmad S

Pharmaceuticals (Basel)

15-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10302623
doi:	10.3390/ph16060881
PMID:	37375828

Keeping Healthy in Your Skin—Plants and Fungi Used by Indigenous Himalayan Communities to Treat Dermatological Ailments

Haq SM, Khoja AA, Lone FA, Waheed M, Bussmann RW, Casini R, Mahmoud EA, Elansary HO

Plants (Basel)

06-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10097107
doi:	10.3390/plants12071575
PMID:	37050200

A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Medicinal Plant Utilization among the Four Ethnic Communities in Northern Regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Mir TA, Jan M, Jan HA, Bussmann RW, Sisto F, Fadlalla IM

Biology (Basel)

27-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9687545
doi:	10.3390/biology11111578
PMID:	36358279

Scientific Appraisal and Therapeutic Properties of Plants Utilized for Veterinary Care in Poonch District of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Wani ZA, Farooq A, Sarwar S, Negi VS, Shah AA, Singh B, Siddiqui S, Pant S, Alghamdi H, Mustafa M

Biology (Basel)

28-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9598208
doi:	10.3390/biology11101415
PMID:	36290318

Ethnogynaecological Knowledge of Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by the Indigenous Communities of North Waziristan, Pakistan

Rehman S, Iqbal Z, Qureshi R, Ur Rahman I, Khan MA, Elshaer MM, Al Farraj DA, Elshikh MS, Younas M, Sakhi S, Nawaz G, Ali N, Rahim F, Ali H, Khan I, Rahman SU, Abu Bakr Elsaid NM

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

04-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9371843
doi:	10.1155/2022/6528264
PMID:	35966728

A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Plant Resources among Five Ethnic Groups in the Western Himalayan Region of Jammu and Kashmir

Haq SM, Hassan M, Bussmann RW, Calixto ES, Rahman IU, Sakhi S, Ijaz F, Hashem A, Al-Arjani AB, Almutairi KF, Abd_Allah EF, Aziz MA, Ali N

Biology (Basel)

23-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC9032642
doi:	10.3390/biology11040491
PMID:	35453691

Comparison of Herbal Medicines Used for Women’s Menstruation Diseases in Different Areas of the World

Jiao M, Liu X, Ren Y, Wang Y, Cheng L, Liang Y, Li Y, Zhang T, Wang W, Mei Z

Front Pharmacol

04-Feb-2022

PMCID:	PMC8854496
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2021.751207
PMID:	35185533

Synthesis and Encapsulation of Ajuga parviflora Extract with Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 and Their Therapeutic Action against G+ and G– Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Ahanger AM, Kumar S, Arya A, Suryavanshi A, Kain D, Vandana

ACS Omega

06-Jan-2022

PMCID:	PMC8772321
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.1c03984
PMID:	35071862

Plants predict the mineral mines – A methodological approach to use indicator plant species for the discovery of mining sites

Ahmad Z, Mulk Khan S, Page S, Alamri S, Hashem M

J Adv Res

18-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC9263987
doi:	10.1016/j.jare.2021.10.005
PMID:	35777902

Phyto-ecological studies and distribution pattern of plant species and communities of Dhirkot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan

Mumshad M, Ahmad I, Khan SM, Abdullah, Rehman K, Islam M, Sakhi S, Khan SU, Afridi SG, Shams S, Azam S, Ahmad I, Afza R, Ahmad Z

PLoS One

06-Oct-2021

PMCID:	PMC8494300
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0257493
PMID:	34614011

Inventorization of traditional ethnobotanical uses of wild plants of Dawarian and Ratti Gali areas of District Neelum, Azad Jammu and Kashmir Pakistan

Ajaib M, Ishtiaq M, Bhatti KH, Hussain I, Maqbool M, Hussain T, Mushtaq W, Ghani A, Azeem M, Khan SM, Thind S, Bashir R

PLoS One

29-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8321310
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0255010
PMID:	34324561

Phytochemical, acute toxicity and renal protective appraisal of Ajuga parviflora hydromethanolic leaf extract against CCl4 induced renal injury in rats

Burki S, Burki ZG, Asghar MA, Ali I, Zafar S

BMC Complement Med Ther

12-Jul-2021

PMCID:	PMC8276434
doi:	10.1186/s12906-021-03360-9
PMID:	34253216

Ecological restoration of habitats invaded by Leucanthemum vulgare that alters key ecosystem functions

Khan MA, Hussain K, Shah MA

PLoS One

26-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC7996977
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0246665
PMID:	33770078

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
[(4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethyl-4-methylidene-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-4a-yl]methyl acetate	102247112	Click to see	418.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[(4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-5-acetyloxy-4-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-4a-yl]methyl acetate	102247113	Click to see	471.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[5-acetyloxy-4-(chloromethyl)-4-hydroxy-7,8-dimethyl-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-4a-yl]methyl acetate	162919289	Click to see	471.00	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethyl-4-methylidene-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-4a-yl]methyl acetate	163040835	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C1(C)CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)CCCC2=C)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C	418.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2
Oleanolic Acid	10494	Click to see	456.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroid lactones / Withanolides and derivatives
(1R,2R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-16-[(2R)-4,5-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-7,15-dihydroxy-10,14,16-trimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,14.02,11.05,10]nonadec-4-en-9-one	11798583	Click to see	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(1R,2R,7R,10R,11S,14R,15S,16R)-7-hydroxy-16-[(2R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl]-10,14,16-trimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,14.02,11.05,10]nonadec-4-en-9-one	15968792	Click to see	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[(4S,8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-4,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-octahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	15411316	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990908)82:9<1423::AID-HLCA1423>3.0.CO;2-F
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	162959997	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)C2(CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CCC5)C)C)O)O)CO	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17R)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	101010479	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)C2(CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CCC5)C)C)O)O)CO	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	162959998	Click to see	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	101010478	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-decahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	21668784	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CCC5)C)C)O)O)CO	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	21668783	Click to see CC1=C(CC(OC1=O)C(C)(C2CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CC=C5)C)C)O)O)CO	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
(2R)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-14-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	21679029	Click to see	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
(2R)-2-[(1S)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	101494955	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
(2R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1R)-1-hydroxy-1-[(8S,9R,10R,13S,14S,17S)-8,14,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	100941096	Click to see	504.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990908)82:9<1423::AID-HLCA1423>3.0.CO;2-F
(2R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1-[(8S,9R,10R,13S,14S,17S)-8,14,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]ethyl]-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	162915573	Click to see	504.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990908)82:9<1423::AID-HLCA1423>3.0.CO;2-F
(2S)-2-[(1S)-1-[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14R,17S)-14,17-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	163007687	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)(C2(CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CC=C5)C)C)O)O)O)CO	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
16-(4,5-Dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3-dihydropyran-2-yl)-7,15-dihydroxy-10,14,16-trimethyl-17-oxapentacyclo[13.2.2.01,14.02,11.05,10]nonadec-4-en-9-one	73106250	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C2(C3(CCC4(C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(C(=O)CC(C6)O)C)C)O2)O)C)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
2-[1-(14,17-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	85235730	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)C2(CCC3(C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(=O)CCC5)C)C)O)O)CO	472.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
2-[1-(14,17-Dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-2,7,8,9,11,12,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	75059748	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00345-3
2-[1-(4,14-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-7,8,9,11,12,15,16,17-octahydro-4H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-1-hydroxyethyl]-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	163036823	Click to see	486.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990908)82:9<1423::AID-HLCA1423>3.0.CO;2-F
5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[1-hydroxy-1-(8,14,17-trihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-1-oxo-3,4,7,9,11,12,15,16-octahydro-2H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)ethyl]-4-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-6-one	162915572	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C(C)(C2(CCC3(C2(CCC4C3(CC=C5C4(C(=O)CCC5)C)O)C)O)O)O)CO	504.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1522-2675(19990908)82:9<1423::AID-HLCA1423>3.0.CO;2-F
Ajugin	100982555	Click to see CC1=C(C(=O)OC(C1)C2(C3(CCC4(C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(C(=O)CC(C6)O)C)C)O2)O)C)C	470.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00045-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol	22012	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2
Stigmasterol	5280794	Click to see	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2 https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tetracarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(1S)-2-[(1S,2R,4S,4aR,5R,8aR)-4-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-1,2-dimethylspiro[3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-5,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]-1-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate	124708185	Click to see	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[2-[4-acetyloxy-4a-(acetyloxymethyl)-1,2-dimethylspiro[3,4,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-5,2'-oxirane]-1-yl]-1-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl] 2-methylbutanoate	14356989	Click to see	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
Ajugamarin F 4	180117	Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC(CC1(C(CC(C2(C1CCCC23CO3)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C4=CC(=O)OC4	534.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(1R,2S,3R,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(2S,3aS,5R,6aR)-5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate	162882718	Click to see	596.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[(1R,2S,3R,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-5-[(2S,3aS,5S,6aR)-5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl]-8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate	162882719	Click to see	596.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[(3S,4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[(2S,3aS,5R,6aR)-5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl]-3,5-diacetyloxy-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	102247114	Click to see	538.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[3,5-diacetyloxy-8-(5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl)-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	162890163	Click to see	538.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethyl-8-[2-(5-oxo-2H-furan-3-yl)ethyl]spiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	5088205	Click to see	434.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[8-acetyloxy-8a-(acetyloxymethyl)-5-(5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl)-3-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylspiro[3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1,2'-oxirane]-2-yl] 2-methylbutanoate	13966154	Click to see	596.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
Ajugarin I	173866	Click to see	434.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Tertiary alcohols
Jacaranone	73307	Click to see	182.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(99)00019-2
Quinolacetic acid	6453213	Click to see C1=CC(C=CC1=O)(CC(=O)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2001-0819
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(4R)-2-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one	101122456	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2001-0819
2-Hydroxy-4-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one	162981841	Click to see	302.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2001-0819
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Ethers / Acetals / Ketals
Methyl 2-(2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-7,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxol-3a-yl)acetate	163033791	Click to see CC1(OC2CC(=O)C=CC2(O1)CC(=O)OC)C	240.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2001-0819
methyl 2-[(3aS,7aR)-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxo-7,7a-dihydro-1,3-benzodioxol-3a-yl]acetate	101122457	Click to see	240.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2001-0819
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides
4-[2-[(1R)-8aalpha-Acetoxymethyl-3,4,4abeta,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-8alpha-hydroxy-5alpha,6alpha-dimethylspiro[naphthalene-1(2H),2'-oxiran]-5-yl]ethyl]furan-2(5H)-one	78302589	Click to see	392.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
Ajugarin II	3085250	Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C1(C)CCC3=CC(=O)OC3)CCCC24CO4)COC(=O)C)O	392.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Furofurans
[(4R,4aR,5S,7R,8S,8aR)-8-[(2S,3aS,5S,6aR)-5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl]-5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	10719524	Click to see	480.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[5-acetyloxy-8-(5-ethoxy-2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-2-yl)-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	14543113	Click to see	480.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
[8-(2,3,3a,4,5,6a-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-5-yl)-5-acetyloxy-7,8-dimethylspiro[2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-4,2'-oxirane]-4a-yl]methyl acetate	13559425	Click to see	436.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
14,15-Dihydroclerodin	11812163	Click to see	436.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
Spiro(naphthalene-1(8aH),2'-oxirane)-8a-methanol, 8-(acetyloxy)-5-((2S,3aS,5R,6aR)-5-ethoxyhexahydrofuro(2,3-b)furan-2-yl)octahydro-5,6-dimethyl-, 8a-acetate, (1R,4aR,5S,6R,8S,8aR)-	10600777	Click to see	480.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(96)00207-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues
(1R,4E,7R,11S,17R)-4-ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadecane-3,8-dione	133568461	Click to see CC=C1CC(C(C(=O)OCC2CCN3C2C(CC3)OC1=O)(C)O)C	337.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP990029K
(1S,4Z,7S,17S)-4-ethylidene-7-hydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadec-11-ene-3,8-dione	133562009	Click to see	335.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2000-0116
Senecionine	5280906	Click to see CC=C1CC(C(C(=O)OCC2=CCN3C2C(CC3)OC1=O)(C)O)C	335.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNB-2000-0116

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Ajuga parviflora

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