Geranium macrorrhizum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401de81cf3f463788538 |
| Scientific name | Geranium macrorrhizum |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 680 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
• Ornamental nursery stock: potted plants and groundcover mats for landscape use.
Industrial and craft applications:
• No well-documented industrial applications.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
• No documented use as a food ingredient.
Colorants and tanning:
• No documented dye or tannin use.
Wood and fiber:
• Herbaceous species; no timber or fiber products.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
• Essential oil: steam-distilled from aerial parts; used in perfumery as a fragrance material. Dominant components reported include sesquiterpene ketones (germacrone) and related sesquiterpenes; sometimes used as a top-note modifier.
Properties relevant to use:
• Volatile profile: sesquiterpene-rich oil with characteristic scent; extraction by steam distillation.
Sustainability and sourcing:
• Cultivated widely as ornamental stock; not a major oil crop. Oil is typically produced in limited quantities; ecological impact for ornamental production is similar to other hardy perennials.
Standards and regulation:
• Essential oil may comply with general fragrance safety and labeling frameworks (e.g., IFRA guidelines for fragrance materials); industry standards for botanical essential oils (ISO 3215 for essential oils; ISO 11014 for safety data sheets) apply where relevant.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Robertium macrarrhizum | (L.) Picard | Mém. Soc. Agric. Boulogne-Sur-Mer , sér. 2, 1: 134 (1837) |
| Geranium balkanum | hort. ex N.Taylor | Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1332 (1915) |
| Geranium lugubre | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 309 (1796) |
| Geranium macrorrhizum var. parnassicum | Stoj. & Jordanov |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | cranesbill |
| English | hardy geranium |
| Azerbaijani | İrikökümsov ətirşah |
| Azerbaijani | adi ətirşah |
| Bulgarian | обикновен здравец |
| Czech | kakost oddenkatý |
| Welsh | pig-yr-aran wreiddfawr |
| Danish | storrodet storkenæb |
| German | balkan-storchschnabel |
| German | felsen-storchschnabel |
| German | großwurzeliger storchschnabel |
| Greek | Γεράνιο το μακρόριζο |
| Finnish | tuoksukurjenpolvi |
| French | géranium à grosses racines |
| Croatian | stjenarska iglica |
| Icelandic | ilmblágresi |
| Japanese | アケボノフウロ |
| Macedonian | Здравец |
| Norwegian Bokmål | rosestorkenebb |
| Dutch | rotsooievaarsbek |
| Polish | bodziszek korzeniasty |
| Russian | Герань крупнокорневищная |
| Russian | Журавельник крупнокоренный |
| Serbo-Croatian | zdravac |
| Slovak | pakost podzemkatý |
| Slovenian | korenikasta krvomočnica |
| Serbian | Здравац |
| Swedish | flocknäva |
| Ukrainian | Герань великокореневищна |
| Chinese | 巨根老鸛草 |
| Chinese | 大根老鹳草 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- Turkey
-
Western Asia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Krym
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Poland
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
-
Eastern Europe
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Southern South America
- Chile Central
-
Southern South America
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000700784 |
| Tropicos | 13900040 |
| INPN | 100087 |
| Flora of Italy | 2807 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:373281-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2823544 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 280850 |
| PFAF | Geranium macrorrhizum |
| Open Tree Of Life | 186557 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 28963 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003154 |
| IPNI | 373281-1 |
| iNaturalist | 320685 |
| GBIF | 2891079 |
| Freebase | /m/04f6b4c |
| EPPO | GERMR |
| EOL | 247150 |
| USDA GRIN | 423 |
| Wikipedia | Geranium_macrorrhizum |
| CMAUP | NPO27000 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,2R,6S,7S)-1,7-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidenetricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decan-3-one | 162929745 | Click to see CC(=C1CC2C(C1=O)C3(C2(CCC3)C)C)C | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85064-5 |
| (1R,2S,6R,7S)-1,7-dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidenetricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decan-3-one | 162929746 | Click to see CC(=C1CC2C(C1=O)C3(C2(CCC3)C)C)C | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85064-5 |
| 1,7-Dimethyl-4-propan-2-ylidenetricyclo[5.3.0.02,6]decan-3-one | 162929744 | Click to see CC(=C1CC2C(C1=O)C3(C2(CCC3)C)C)C | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85064-5 |
| Germazone | 182335 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85064-5 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Germacrane sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| 2,7-Cyclodecadien-1-one, 3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-, (Z,E)- | 6453848 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85064-5 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (3S,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-2-one | 14465808 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Neoruscogenin | 9910474 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)O)C)C)OC16CCC(=C)CO6 | 428.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ruscogenin | 441893 | Click to see CC1CCC2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(C(CC(C6)O)O)C)C)C)OC1 | 430.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Dihydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (22r)-22-Hydroxycholes-terol | 13754059 | Click to see CC(C)CCC(C(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)O | 402.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides / Steroidal saponins | |||||
| (2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,5'R,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,16S)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-3'-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | 100982641 | Click to see | 754.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-[(1S,2S,4S,5'R,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-16-hydroxy-5',7,9,13-tetramethylspiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 44575746 | Click to see | 708.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-14-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-3'-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 10581939 | Click to see | 1047.10 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-diacetyloxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-2-[(1S,2S,3'S,4S,4'S,6S,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-4'-[[(2R,5S,6R,7R,8R,10R)-6,7-dihydroxy-2-[(2S)-2-hydroxybutan-2-yl]-10-methyl-3-oxo-1,4,9-trioxaspiro[4.5]decan-8-yl]oxy]-3',16-dihydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate | 21590070 | Click to see CCC(C)(C1C(=O)OC2(O1)C(OC(C(C2O)O)OC3C(C4(C(C5C(O4)CC6C5(CCC7C6CC=C8C7(C(CC(C8)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C)C)C)OCC3=C)O)C)O | 1139.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(3S,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-[(1S,2S,4S,6R,7S,8R,9S,12S,13R,14R,16R)-16-hydroxy-7,9,13-trimethyl-5'-methylidenespiro[5-oxapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,9.04,8.013,18]icos-18-ene-6,2'-oxane]-14-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] acetate | 101937241 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)OC(=O)C)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC19CCC(=C)CO9 | 911.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1beta-[(2-O-alpha-L-Rhamnopyranosyl-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl)oxy]-26-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)furosta-5,20(22),25(27)-trien-3beta-ol | 44567205 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC3CC(CC4=CCC5C(C34C)CCC6(C5CC7C6C(=C(O7)CCC(=C)COC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)O)O)O)O)O)O | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Aculeoside B | 154169 | Click to see CC1CC(C2(C(C3C(O2)CC4C3(CCC5C4CC=C6C5(C(CC(C6)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)COC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)C)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)C)OC1)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O | 1205.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 10462472 | 10462472 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)O)O)C)C)OC18CCC(=C)CO8 | 706.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ruscin(P) | 13935613 | Click to see CC1C2C(CC3C2(CCC4C3CC=C5C4(C(CC(C5)O)OC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)C)OC19CCC(=C)CO9 | 869.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ruscoside | 91936850 | Click to see | 1049.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Sitogluside | 5742590 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C | 576.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| Euparone | 104654 | Click to see | 218.20 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Dibenzofurans | |||||
| Ruscodibenzofuran | 323624 | Click to see CC1=C2C3=CC(=C(C=C3OC2=C(C=C1)C)O)C(=O)C | 254.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Coumarin glycosides | |||||
| Esculin | 5281417 | Click to see C1=CC(=O)OC2=CC(=C(C=C21)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O | 340.28 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |