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Mitragyna hirsuta

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fe38eb21e2993810344
Scientific name Mitragyna hirsuta
Authority Havil.
First published in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 33: 72 (1897)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Wood (sawn timber, planks)
- Bark (tannin extract for leather tanning)
- Charcoal (derived from wood)

Industrial and craft applications:
- Construction (framing, flooring, paneling)
- Furniture making (joinery, veneer)
- Pulp and paper production (kraft pulp)
- Carved woodcrafts
- Charcoal for industrial filtration

Colorants and tanning:
- Bark tannin extracts yield hydrolyzable tannins used for leather tanning, imparting a brown colour and improving durability.
- The same extracts serve as natural brown dyes for protein fibres such as silk and wool in textile dyeing.

Wood and fibre:
- The wood is a moderate‑density hardwood suitable for structural uses; no documented use of bast fibre.

Properties relevant to use:
- Wood density 0.70–0.78 g cm⁻³ (dry basis), indicating suitability for load‑bearing construction.
- Cellulose content 45–48 % and lignin 24–27 % support pulp yields comparable to other tropical hardwoods.
- Bark tannin content ~15–20 % dry weight, mainly gallotannins with high reactivity for tanning.

Standards and regulation:
- Timber from this species is graded under national hardwood grading systems (e.g., Thailand’s hardwood timber standards).
- Pulp and paper must meet ISO 2470 (paper and pulp brightness) and ISO 535 (paper moisture content) standards.
- Tannin extracts for leather tanning are subject to national leather industry regulations, but no species‑specific code applies.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- The species occurs in secondary forests and is cultivated in plantation programmes in Thailand and Myanmar, providing a renewable timber source.
- Bark harvesting for tanning is regulated to avoid over‑exploitation; sustainable practices involve selective bark removal and tree regeneration.
- Not listed in CITES; timber exports are monitored by national forestry authorities.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Paradina hirsuta Pit. Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 39 (1922)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Chinese 毛帽蕊木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000244930
Tropicos 100367919
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:756294-1
The Plant List kew-128794
Open Tree Of Life 438804
NCBI Taxonomy 371154
IPNI 756294-1
iNaturalist 740343
GBIF 2900477
EOL 1106498

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Hirsutine, an Emerging Natural Product with Promising Therapeutic Benefits: A Systematic Review Bhuia MS, Wilairatana P, Ferdous J, Chowdhury R, Bappi MH, Rahman MA, Mubarak MS, Islam MT Molecules 19-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10458569
doi:10.3390/molecules28166141
PMID:37630393
Comparative metabolomics analysis reveals alkaloid repertoires in young and mature Mitragyna speciosa (Korth.) Havil. Leaves Veeramohan R, Zamani AI, Azizan KA, Goh HH, Aizat WM, Razak MF, Yusof NS, Mansor SM, Baharum SN, Ng CL PLoS One 21-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10030037
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283147
PMID:36943850
A Chromosome-Scale Genome Assembly of Mitragyna speciosa (Kratom) and the Assessment of Its Genetic Diversity in Thailand Pootakham W, Yoocha T, Jomchai N, Kongkachana W, Naktang C, Sonthirod C, Chowpongpang S, Aumpuchin P, Tangphatsornruang S Biology (Basel) 12-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9598492
doi:10.3390/biology11101492
PMID:36290398
The Adverse Cardiovascular Effects and Cardiotoxicity of Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.): A Comprehensive Review Leong Bin Abdullah MF, Singh D Front Pharmacol 27-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8504575
doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.726003
PMID:34646135
Differentiation of Mitragyna speciosa, a narcotic plant, from allied Mitragyna species using DNA barcoding-high-resolution melting (Bar-HRM) analysis Tungphatthong C, Urumarudappa SK, Awachai S, Sooksawate T, Sukrong S Sci Rep 24-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC7990970
doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86228-9
PMID:33762644
Chemical composition and biological effects of kratom (Mitragyna speciosa): In vitro studies with implications for efficacy and drug interactions Todd DA, Kellogg JJ, Wallace ED, Khin M, Flores-Bocanegra L, Tanna RS, McIntosh S, Raja HA, Graf TN, Hemby SE, Paine MF, Oberlies NH, Cech NB Sci Rep 05-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7645423
doi:10.1038/s41598-020-76119-w
PMID:33154449
Biochemical Benefits, Diagnosis, and Clinical Risks Evaluation of Kratom Fluyau D, Revadigar N Front Psychiatry 24-Apr-2017
PMCID:PMC5402527
doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00062
PMID:28484399
New Finding of an Anti-TB Compound in the Genus Marsypopetalum (Annonaceae) from a Traditional Herbal Remedy of Laos Elkington BG, Sydara K, Newsome A, Hwang CH, Lankin DC, Simmler C, Napolitano JG, Ree R, Graham JG, Gyllenhaal C, Bouamanivong S, Souliya O, Pauli GF, Franzblau SG, Soejarto DD J Ethnopharmacol 11-Dec-2013
PMCID:PMC3933013
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.057
PMID:24333958
New heteroyohimbine-type oxindole alkaloid from the leaves of Thai Mitragyna hirsuta Mariko Kitajima, Terumi Nakayama, Noriyuki Kogure, Sumphan Wongseripipatana, Hiromitsu Takayama Springer Science and Business Media LLC 19-Jan-2007
doi:10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
The Chemotaxonomic Significance of Alkaloids in the Naucleeae S.L. (Rubiaceae) J. David Phillipson, Sarah R. Hemingway, Colin E. Ridsdale American Chemical Society (ACS) 17-Mar-2005
doi:10.1021/NP50020A008
Hirsuteine and mitrajavine from Mitragyna hirsuta J.D. Phillipson, Payom Tantivatana, Elena Tarpo, E.J. Shellard Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
The Mitragyna species of Asia. X. The alkaloids of the leabes of Mitragyna hirsuta Havil. Shellard EJ, Tantivatana P, Beckett AH Planta Med 01-Jan-1970
doi:10.1055/S-0028-1099996
PMID:5603479

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Corynanthean-type alkaloids
Hirsuteine 3037151 Click to see COC=C(C1CC2C3=C(CCN2CC1C=C)C4=CC=CC=C4N3)C(=O)OC 366.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
Hirsutine 3037884 Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3=C(C2CC1C(=COC)C(=O)OC)NC4=CC=CC=C34 368.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
Isopaynantheine 101804033 Click to see COC=C(C1CC2C3=C(CCN2CC1C=C)C4=C(N3)C=CC=C4OC)C(=O)OC 396.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008
methyl (Z)-2-[(2R,3S,12bR)-3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate 101358740 Click to see 368.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
Methyl 2-(3-ethyl-1,2,3,4,6,7,12,12b-octahydroindolo[2,3-a]quinolizin-2-yl)-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate 415704 Click to see 368.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Yohimbine alkaloids
methyl (1R,15R,16S,20S)-8-methoxy-16-methyl-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.015,20]henicosa-2(10),4(9),5,7,18-pentaene-19-carboxylate 154497013 Click to see 382.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
methyl (1S,3R,4R,4aR,5aS,6S,10aR)-3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,3,4,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-decahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 162997620 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
methyl (1S,4R,4aR,5aS,6R,10aS)-1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,3,4,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-decahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 163040760 Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
methyl 1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,3,4,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-decahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 163040758 Click to see 370.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
methyl 3-hydroxy-1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,3,4,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-decahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 162997618 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
Methyl 8-methoxy-16-methyl-17-oxa-3,13-diazapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,10.04,9.015,20]henicosa-2(10),4(9),5,7,18-pentaene-19-carboxylate 15559991 Click to see 382.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008
> Organic acids and derivatives / Peptidomimetics / Depsipeptides / Cyclic depsipeptides
cyclo[N(Me)Ile-ObAla(2R-Me,3S-pentyl)-Val-N(Me)Phe-OVal-Pro] 162925012 Click to see 741.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indolizidines
Isomitraphylline 11726520 Click to see 368.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
Isorhynchophylline 3037048 Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3(C2CC1C(=COC)C(=O)OC)C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(73)80603-X
methyl (1S,4aS,5aS,6S,10aR)-1-methyl-9-oxido-2'-oxospiro[1,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizin-9-ium-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 102403036 Click to see CC1C2C[N+]3(CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O)[O-] 384.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
methyl (1S,4aS,5aS,6S,9S,10aR)-1-methyl-9-oxido-2'-oxospiro[1,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizin-9-ium-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 163190246 Click to see 384.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
methyl (1S,5aS,6S,10aS)-1-methyl-2'-oxospiro[1,4a,5,5a,7,8,10,10a-octahydropyrano[3,4-f]indolizine-6,3'-1H-indole]-4-carboxylate 134823823 Click to see CC1C2CN3CCC4(C3CC2C(=CO1)C(=O)OC)C5=CC=CC=C5NC4=O 368.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
methyl (Z)-2-[(3S,6'S,7'R,8'aR)-6'-ethyl-2-oxospiro[1H-indole-3,1'-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-indolizine]-7'-yl]-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate 1245595 Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3(C2CC1C(=COC)C(=O)OC)C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
methyl 2-(6'-ethyl-2-oxospiro[1H-indole-3,1'-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-indolizine]-7'-yl)-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate 409518 Click to see CCC1CN2CCC3(C2CC1C(=COC)C(=O)OC)C4=CC=CC=C4NC3=O 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099996
methyl 2-(6'-ethyl-4-methoxy-2-oxospiro[1H-indole-3,1'-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-indolizine]-7'-yl)-3-methoxyprop-2-enoate 162890760 Click to see 414.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008
Mitraphylline 94160 Click to see 368.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008
Rhynchophylline 5281408 Click to see 384.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-006-0114-7
Uncarine F 12304288 Click to see 368.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50020A008

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