Gynochthodes umbellata
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644043256d0d2400495953 |
| Scientific name | Gynochthodes umbellata |
| Authority | (L.) Razafim. & B.Bremer |
| First published in | Adansonia , sér. 3, 33: 296 (2011) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Fresh or dried mature fruit is locally collected and consumed as an edible wild fruit in parts of Southeast Asia. The fruit is sometimes made into simple jams, jellies, or fruit leathers through boiling with sugar and concentration. Pulp and seed are occasionally used as an ingredient in traditional small-batch beverages and confections without additional medicinal claims.
Scientific use:
Gynochthodes umbellata serves as a source of naturally occurring anthraquinones for phytochemical studies. Whole-plant extracts and isolated compounds have been used as analytical reference materials in chemosystematic research within Rubiaceae, including chemotaxonomic comparison with related taxa (e.g., Morinda). Extracts are also employed in natural-products chemistry to evaluate anthraquinone profiles and as benchmarks in chromatography and spectroscopy method development.
Properties relevant to use:
Anthraquinone-rich constituents contribute intense yellow-to-orange coloration and moderate polarity, enabling extraction and fractionation with polar organic solvents (e.g., ethanol) for analytical standards. The fruit pulp has high total soluble solids and acidity typical of many Rubiaceae fruits, supporting simple preservation (concentrate and sugar addition) without fermenting agents.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Material for commercial and scientific uses is primarily harvested from wild populations. No specific management or certification standards have been documented. Due to limited documentation on scale of use and population impacts, collection from diversified wild sources or cultivated plantings is prudent.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Morinda padavara | Juss. | Gen. Pl. : 206 (1789) |
| Morinda scandens | Roxb. | Fl. Ind. 2: 202 (1824) |
| Morinda tetrandra | Jack | Malayan Misc. 1(5): 13 (1820) |
| Morinda umbellata | L. | Sp. Pl. : 176 (1753) |
| Morinda umbellata var. archboldiana | Fosberg | Sargentia 1: 123. 1942 |
| Morinda umbellata subsp. obovata | Y.Z.Ruan | Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 71(2): 325 (1999) |
| Morinda umbellata var. papuana | Valeton | Nova Guinea 8: 515. 1911 |
| Stigmanthus cymosus | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 146 (1790) |
| Morinda umbellata var. tonkinensis | Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 3: 423. 1924 |
| Morinda umbellata var. acuminatissima | Valeton | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 61: 153. 1927 |
| Guttenbergia umbellata | Zoll. & Moritzi | Natuur- Geneesk. Arch. Ned.-Indië 2: 3 (1845) |
| Cuviera asiatica | Spreng. | Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 760 (1824) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Malay | mengkudu akar |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Nansei-shoto
- Taiwan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- India
- Sri Lanka
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Philippines
- Sumatera
-
Papuasia
- Bismarck Archipelago
- New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
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Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- Queensland
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Australia
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Pacific click to expand
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Northwestern Pacific
- Marianas
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Southwestern Pacific
- Samoa
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Northwestern Pacific
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001043056 |
| Tropicos | 100376397 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77117618-1 |
| The Plant List | tro-100376397 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 116375 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 268745 |
| IPNI | 77117618-1 |
| GBIF | 7533157 |
| CMAUP | NPO30535 |
| CMAUP | NPO4192 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids | |||||
| 2-Carboxy-3-hydroxy-9,10-dioxoanthracen-1-olate | 54740334 | Click to see | 283.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones | |||||
| 1-Hydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone | 160817 | Click to see | 238.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-Methoxy-2-methyl-anthraquinone | 3534338 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)OC | 252.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Methylanthraquinone | 6773 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O | 222.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alizarin 2-methyl ether | 80103 | Click to see | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| 1,3-Dihydroxyanthraquinone | 196978 | Click to see | 240.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-Hydroxyanthraquinone | 11796 | Click to see | 224.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alizarin | 6293 | Click to see | 240.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Alizarin 1-methyl ether | 80309 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC2=C1C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lucidin | 10163 | Click to see | 270.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rubiadin | 124062 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O | 254.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rubiadin 1-methyl ether | 96191 | Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1OC)C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=O)O | 268.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acid esters | |||||
| Ethyl arachidonate | 5367369 | Click to see CCCCCC=CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCC(=O)OCC | 332.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Glycerolipids / Monoradylglycerols / Monoalkylglycerols | |||||
| Batilol, (R)- | 10831326 | Click to see | 344.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Cembrane diterpenoids | |||||
| Grandilobatin E | 44585761 | Click to see CC1CCC(=CC=C(CCCC(=CC(=O)C1)C)C)C(C)(C)O | 304.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Taxanes and derivatives | |||||
| [(2R,3R,5S,7S,8S,9R,10R)-7,9,10-triacetyloxy-5-hydroxy-8,12,15,15-tetramethyl-4-methylidene-2-tricyclo[9.3.1.03,8]pentadec-11-enyl] 2-methylbutanoate | 5318282 | Click to see CCC(C)C(=O)OC1C2CCC(=C(C2(C)C)C(C(C3(C1C(=C)C(CC3OC(=O)C)O)C)OC(=O)C)OC(=O)C)C | 562.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Eudesmanolides, secoeudesmanolides, and derivatives | |||||
| (5aR,6R,9R)-6,9-dihydroxy-5a,9-dimethyl-3-methylidene-3a,4,5,6,7,8,9a,9b-octahydrobenzo[g][1]benzofuran-2-one | 5318148 | Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1C(CCC2O)(C)O)OC(=O)C3=C | 266.33 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| 11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,14b-heptamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picen-3-one | 5319945 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids | |||||
| (2S,3S,4R,5R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-6-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol | 21597411 | Click to see | 548.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sinugrandisterol C | 16656588 | Click to see CC(C)C(=C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(C4C5(C3(C(CC(C5)O)O)C)O4)O)C | 446.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sinugrandisterol D | 16656567 | Click to see CC(C)C(=C)C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2C(C4C5(C3(C(CC(C5)O)O)C)O4)O)C | 444.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives | |||||
| (3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5S)-6-hydroxy-5,6-dimethylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 14632863 | Click to see | 416.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sinugrandisterol A | 16656568 | Click to see | 430.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sinugrandisterol B | 16656566 | Click to see | 428.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives | |||||
| Pregnenolone | 8955 | Click to see CC(=O)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C | 316.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Npc196776 | 50930798 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |