Gentiana verna
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401db9f41af447172745 |
| Scientific name | Gentiana verna |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 228 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
- Ornamental alpine plant sold by specialist nurseries, mail‑order catalogs, and botanical garden sales; often offered as potted plants, in rock‑garden mixes, or as part of alpine meadow seed mixes. Occasionally marketed as a selected cultivar (e.g., ‘Spring Blue’) or a proprietary form.
- Propagated commercially by seed sowing in cool, well‑drained compost, usually after a 4–6 week cold stratification; division of mature rosettes is also practiced to maintain clonal uniformity. Seedlings are raised under controlled temperatures before transplanting.
- Featured in horticultural societies (Alpine Garden Society seed exchange) and listed in reference works such as the RHS Plant Finder, indicating a stable market presence.
Properties relevant to use:
- Perennial herb 5–15 cm tall forming a compact rosette; produces vivid blue, five‑lobed flowers in early spring (April–May). Flower color originates from anthocyanin pigments (delphinidin‑3‑O‑glucosides), providing strong visual impact.
- Grows in well‑drained, calcareous or neutral soils with full sun; tolerates cold temperatures, snow cover, and thin substrates. The shallow fibrous root system allows establishment on scree and shallow rock fissures, making it ideal for rock‑garden plantings, scree slopes, and alpine meadow restorations.
- After flowering the rosette persists, offering foliage interest throughout the season; low‑maintenance, requires minimal watering once established, and shows good resistance to common alpine pests and diseases.
Standards and regulation:
- EU sales must carry a plant passport under Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, specifying species name, origin, and phytosanitary status.
- Species listed on national protected‑plant schedules require licensing for wild collection; cultivated material is exempt.
- Cultivar naming follows the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants (ICNCP); nursery catalogs must adhere to this code when naming selected forms.
- Non‑EU imports are subject to national phytosanitary regulations (e.g., USDA Phytosanitary Certificate requirements).
Sustainability and sourcing:
- Native to European mountains (Alps, Pyrenees, Carpathians); several range countries list the species as locally rare or protected in national red‑lists (e.g., Austria, Switzerland, Italy).
- Wild collection is limited or prohibited in many jurisdictions.
- Commercial supply is primarily from certified organic nurseries or controlled seed‑production programmes that ensure traceability and reduce wild‑population pressure.
- Seed banks and ex situ collections further support sustainable use.
- International trade of wild‑collected specimens is not covered by CITES, but traders must comply with national wildlife protection laws.
- Sustainable practice emphasizes propagation from cultivated stock and avoidance of over‑harvesting.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Lexipyretum vernum | Dulac | Fl. Hautes-Pyrénées : 451 (1867) |
| Ricoila verna | Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 3: 23 (1837) |
| Calathiana fenetii | (Litard. & Maire) Holub | Preslia 70: 101 (1998) |
| Calathiana magellensis | (Ronniger) Holub | Preslia 70: 101 (1998) |
| Calathiana verna | (L.) Holub | Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 8: 170 (1973) |
| Calathiana verna subsp. aestiva | (Roem. & Schult.) Dostál | Folia Mus. Rerum Nat. Bohemiae Occid., Bot. 21: 10 (1984) |
| Ericala aestiva | G.Don | Gen. Hist. iv. 190. |
| Ericala angulosa | G.Don | Gen. Hist. iv. 191. |
| Ericala verna | Gray | Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. ii. 335. |
| Ericoila verna | Borkh. | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 27 (1796) |
| Gentiana acutiflora | Schult. | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 6: 156 (1820) |
| Gentiana arctica | Grossh. | Dokl. Akad. Nauk Azerbaidzhansk. S.S.R. 3(1): 32. 1947 |
| Gentiana magellensis | (Vaccari ex Ronniger) Tammaro | Arch. Bot. Biogeogr. Ital. 62: 54 (1986) |
| Gentiana sexfida | Schult. | Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 6: 156 (1820) |
| Gentiana verna subsp. arctica | (Grossh.) V.G.Sergienko | Fl. Poluostrova Kanin : 85 (1986) |
| Gentiana verna var. brachyphylloides | Pau | Actas Mem. Primer Congr. Nat. Esp. Zaragoza 248 1909 |
| Gentiana verna var. cantabrica | Romo | Lagascalia 15(Extra): 287 (1988) |
| Gentiana verna var. davidovii | Kožuharov & Petrova | Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 484, 406. 1982 |
| Gentiana verna var. willkommiana | P.Monts. & L.Villar | Doc. Phytosoc. 914: 214 (1975) |
| Gentiana verna subsp. willkommiana | (P.Monts. & Villar) Rivas Mart., Báscones, T.E.Díaz, Fern.Gonz. & Loidi | Itinera Geobot. 5: 70 (1991):. |
| Gentianusa verna | Pohl | Tent. Fl. Bohem. 1: 253 (1809) |
| Hippion elongatum | F.W.Schmidt | Arch. Bot. (Leipzig) 1(1): 11 (1796) |
| Hippion vernum | F.W.Schmidt | Fl. Boëm. 2: 19 (1793 publ. 1794) |
| Gentiana verna var. alata | Griseb. | Gen. Sp. Gent. 263 1839 |
| Blackstonia verna | Holub |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | spring gentian |
| Spanish | gitanilla menuda |
| Spanish | genciana |
| Spanish | gitanilla |
| Spanish | genciana de primavera |
| Arabic | کوشاد ربيعي |
| Arabic | كوشاد ربيعي |
| Arabic | جنطيانا ربيعية |
| Belarusian | Гарычка веснавая |
| Bulgarian | Пролетна тинтява |
| Bulgarian | пролетна тинтява |
| Bulgarian | Пролетната тинтява |
| Czech | hořec jarní |
| Welsh | crwynllys y gwanwyn |
| German | frühlings-enzian |
| German | himmelsstengel |
| German | frühlingsenzian |
| German | herrgottsliechtli |
| German | schusternägelein |
| German | tintabluoma |
| German | schusternagerl |
| German | himmelsbläueli |
| Finnish | kevätkatkero |
| French | gentiane de printemps |
| French | gentiane printanière |
| Irish | ceadharlach bealtaine |
| Upper Sorbian | nalětni hórkowc |
| Italian | genzianella di primavera |
| Japanese | ゲンチアナ・ウェルナ |
| lld | cancuns |
| Macedonian | Пролетна генцијана |
| Norwegian Bokmål | vårsøte |
| Dutch | voorjaarsgentiaan |
| Dutch | lentegentiaan |
| Polish | goryczka wiosenna |
| Romanian | ghințură |
| Romanian | ghințură de primăvară |
| Russian | Горечавка весенняя |
| Slovak | horec jarný |
| Slovenian | spomladanski svišč |
| Turkish | gentiyan |
| Chinese | 春花龍膽 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Gentiana verna subsp. oschtenica | (Kusn.) Halda | Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 3: 33 (1995) |
| Gentiana verna subsp. pontica | (Soltok.) Hayek | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 419 1930 |
| Gentiana verna subsp. tergestina | (Beck) Hayek | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(2): 420. 1930 (1930) |
| Gentiana verna subsp. verna | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
| Germination Improved by GA3: Gibberellic Acid(GA3) is a plant growth hormone that can break dormancy and improve germination rates for seeds that are otherwise difficult to sprout. |
| avoid pricking out individually, transplant seedlings in clumps |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Iran
- Iraq
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- North European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
- Ireland
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000698901 |
| USDA Plants | GEVE6 |
| Tropicos | 13800041 |
| INPN | 99953 |
| Flora of Italy | 4030 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:369094-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2821774 |
| Plantarium | 17379 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 346688 |
| Observations.org | 149657 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 38855 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003967 |
| IPNI | 369094-1 |
| iNaturalist | 132603 |
| GBIF | 3170039 |
| Freebase | /m/07w5x1 |
| EPPO | GETVE |
| EOL | 487562 |
| USDA GRIN | 17433 |
| Wikipedia | Gentiana_verna |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Iridoids and derivatives | |||||
| Loganetin | 10466307 | Click to see | 228.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| Methyl 1,6-dihydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 12769685 | Click to see | 228.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides | |||||
| methyl (2R,3S,4R)-3-ethenyl-4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran-5-carboxylate | 162938905 | Click to see COC(=O)C1=COC(C(C1CCO)C=C)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A039 |
| Secologanin | 161276 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960905 |
| Secologanol | 14488076 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50065A039 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (-)-Loganin | 87691 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 162913340 | Click to see | 510.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 163195248 | Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)O)O | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85134-2 |
| methyl (1S,4aS,6S,7R,7aS)-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-(acetyloxymethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 162908312 | Click to see | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85134-2 |
| Methyl 1-[3,4-dihydroxy-5-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 162913339 | Click to see | 510.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| Methyl 1-[5-acetyloxy-4-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 14487126 | Click to see | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85134-2 |
| Methyl 1-[6-(acetyloxymethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3-hydroxybenzoyl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 14487128 | Click to see CC1C(CC2C1C(OC=C2C(=O)OC)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)COC(=O)C)O)O)OC(=O)C4=CC(=CC=C4)O)O | 552.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85134-2 |
| Methyl 6-hydroxy-7-methyl-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate | 601562 | Click to see | 390.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)98016-6 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| (-)-Sweroside | 161036 | Click to see | 358.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960905 |
| (3S,4R,4aS)-4-ethenyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,4a,5,6-tetrahydro-3H-pyrano[3,4-c]pyran-8-one | 354447 | Click to see | 358.34 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960905 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| [2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methanone | 163076314 | Click to see | 422.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.007 |
| [2,4-dihydroxy-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]-(3-hydroxyphenyl)methanone | 162864330 | Click to see | 408.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.007 |
| Rhodanthenone B | 102429099 | Click to see | 424.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOL.2011.08.007 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones | |||||
| 2,8-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 102506431 | Click to see | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19740570424 |
| 2,8-Dihydroxy-6-methoxy-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyxanthen-9-one | 162915580 | Click to see | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19740570424 |
| Swertianin | 5281661 | Click to see | 274.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19740570424 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| 5,7-Dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methoxy]phenyl]-6-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one | 162969374 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19750580117 |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-[3-hydroxy-4-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]phenyl]-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-4-one | 162969375 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19750580117 |
| 6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 162952090 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19750580117 |
| 6-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methoxy]oxan-2-yl]-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one | 162952089 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.19750580117 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |