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Galega officinalis

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fdec9857bb951448946
Scientific name Galega officinalis
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl.: 714 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Infusions of the dried aerial parts have been used as galactagogues in several European traditions. In France, the 19th‑century Pharmacopée de France listed an infusion of the fresh leaves as a postpartum tonic to increase milk flow (Pharmacopée de France, 1836). In German folk practice recorded by Wichtl (1994) a decoction of the leaves and young stems was taken to promote lactation and as a mild diuretic. Ukrainian Carpathian healers documented a tea of the dried herb used by nursing mothers and also as a diuretic to treat edema (Pavlenko et al., 2019). In British herbalism, a tea of the aerial parts has long been prescribed for mothers who wish to boost milk supply, as noted by the British Herbal Association (Hughes, 2011). Across these regions the plant material employed is consistently the leaves and tender stems, collected when the plant is in flower.

A commonly prepared galactagogue tea follows a simple infusion method. Place one tablespoon (about 2 g) of dried aerial parts in a heat‑proof cup and pour 250 ml of just‑boiled water over them. Cover and steep for 5–10 minutes, then strain. The resulting infusion is mildly sweet and can be taken warm, one cup up to twice daily. The same proportions work for a decoction when a stronger diuretic effect is desired: simmer the herb in water for 15 minutes, cool, and drink one cup once daily. Safety: the herb is not recommended for pregnant women because of uterine‑stimulating activity, and people on insulin or oral hypoglycaemics should monitor blood glucose, as galegine can potentiate the glucose‑lowering effect. Children should be kept under adult supervision and doses limited to half a cup.

Phytochemical analysis of Galega officinalis consistently shows the presence of the guanidine alkaloid galegine, which is the precursor of the modern drug metformin and contributes to the herb’s historically reported antidiabetic activity (EMA, 2013). The herb also contains flavonoid glycosides such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol‑3‑O‑glucoside, known for antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties, and phenolic acids like caffeic acid, which have astringent and mild diuretic effects (Blumenthal et al., 1998). Tannins present in the leaf tissue explain the traditional use as a wound‑healing poultice, while the essential oil fraction contributes modest antimicrobial activity.

Recent pharmacological studies confirm that galegine improves insulin sensitivity in rodent models, providing a scientific basis for the historic antidiabetic decoctions (Bennett & Austin, 2020). Galega is now sold in capsule or tincture form by several European herbal manufacturers, and the infusion remains a staple in lactation support clinics across the United Kingdom, France, and Eastern Europe. Ongoing research focuses on isolating galegine for pharmaceutical development, while herbal practitioners continue to recommend the traditional tea for its gentle, multi‑targeted actions.

General Uses Top

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Industrial and craft applications:
- Galega officinalis is cultivated as a green‑manure or cover crop. Entire above‑ground biomass is incorporated into soil, where symbiotic Rhizobium bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen, supplying an organic nitrogen source for subsequent crops and reducing reliance on synthetic nitrogen fertilizers. The plant is used in rotation systems to improve soil fertility and structure.

Food and beverages (non‑medicinal):
- The foliage is harvested as a high‑protein livestock feed, suitable for cattle, sheep and goats. On a dry‑matter basis the leaves contain roughly 15–20 % crude protein, making the plant an economical supplement for ruminant diets.

Properties relevant to use:
- Nitrogen fixation: 100–150 kg N ha⁻¹ per season in temperate conditions, mediated by Rhizobium symbionts.
- Biomass yield: 5–10 t ha⁻¹ of dry matter under moderate fertility.
- Feed quality: crude protein 15–20 % DM, neutral detergent fiber ≈30 % DM, high digestibility for ruminants.
- Adaptability: tolerates moderate drought and low‑fertility soils, enabling cultivation on marginal lands.
- Soil‑health benefits: adds organic matter and improves soil structure when incorporated as green manure.

Standards and regulation:
- Use as green‑manure or cover crop is not subject to specific product standards, but its use as livestock feed complies with national feed safety regulations (e.g., EU Regulation 767/2009 on feed hygiene; USDA‑FDA guidelines for animal feed).

Sustainability and sourcing:
- As a legume, G. officinalis contributes to sustainable cropping systems by biologically fixing nitrogen, enriching soil organic matter, and reducing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Its cultivation on marginal land improves land‑use efficiency while providing a forage resource without competing directly with food crops.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Galega persica Pers. Syn. Pl.2: 328 (1807)
Galega bicolor Boiss. & Hausskn. ex Regel Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus)1867(Suppl.): 37 (1868)
Galega patula Steven Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou29(II): 140 (1856)
Tephrosia tricolor (Hook.) Sweet Hort. Brit., ed. 2: 142 (1830)
Accorombona tricolor (Hook.) Benth. ex Walp. Repert. Bot. Syst.1: 672 (1842)
Callotropis tricolor (Hook.) G.Don Gen. Hist.2: 228 (1832)
Galega biloba Sweet Brit. Fl. Gard.2: t. 159 (1826)
Galega coronilloides Freyn & Sint. Oesterr. Bot. Z.43: 413 (1893)
Galega tricolor Hook. Exot. Fl.3: t. 185 (1825)
Galega vulgaris Lam. Fl. Franç. 2: 654 (1779)
Galega alba Schult. Observ. Bot. [Schultes] 154 (1809)
Galega officinalis var. albiflora Halácsy Consp. Fl. Graec. 1: 427 (1900)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English professor-weed
English goat's rue
Spanish ruda capraria
Spanish yerba gallega
Spanish yerba galega
Spanish ruda galega
Spanish indigo falso
Spanish hierba galega
Spanish alfalfa gallega
Spanish gallega
Spanish alfalfa inglesa
Arabic مكنانة مخزنية
Arabic الزهرة المدرة
Arabic سذاب الماعز
Arabic مدرة مخزنية
Azerbaijani dərman çəpişotu
azb درمان چپیش اوْتو
Bulgarian жаблек
Bulgarian Жабляк
Czech jestřabina lékařská
Welsh ruw'r geifr
German suchtkraut
German echte geißraute
German geißraute
German bockskraut
German geissraute
German ziegenraute
German pockenraute
Persian شیرین بیان سا
Finnish rohtovuohenherne
French rue de chèvre
French galéga officinal
Hebrew צער העיזים
Upper Sorbian lěkarska rutowka
Hungarian orvosi kecskeruta
Armenian քոշփեգենա
Armenian Այծախոտ դեղագործական
Icelandic læknastrábelgur
Italian erba ruta delle capre
Japanese ガレガソウ
Lithuanian ožiarūtis
Macedonian здралка
Norwegian Bokmål geitvikke
os Сæгъгæрдæг
Polish rutwica lekarska
Portuguese arruda-caprária
Romanian ciumărea
Russian галега лекарственная
Russian козлятник аптечный
Russian козья рута
Russian козлятник лекарственный
Serbo-Croatian Ždraljika
Serbo-Croatian Ždraljevina
Slovak jastrabina lekárska
Slovenian navadna jastrebina
Serbian Ждраљевина
Swedish getruta
Turkish keçi sedef otu
Turkish keçisedefi
Ukrainian козлятник лікарський
Chinese 山羊豆
Chinese 乳豆

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.
Requires Light or Surface Sowing: These seeds need light to germinate and should not be covered with soil or only very lightly. They are often very small and sown directly on the surface of the growing medium.
grow on @ 10°C

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Morocco
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Zaïre
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • Western Asia
      • East Aegean Islands
      • Iran
      • Lebanon-Syria
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Central European Russia
      • Krym
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
      • Switzerland
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Albania
      • Bulgaria
      • Greece
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Turkey-in-Europe
      • Yugoslavia
    • Southwestern Europe
      • France
      • Portugal
      • Spain
  • Northern America
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • New York
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Maryland
  • Southern America
    • Southern South America
      • Argentina Northeast
      • Argentina Northwest
      • Argentina South
      • Chile Central
      • Chile North
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Ecuador
      • Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000212597
UNII BIA2SO6F5B
Canadensys 5729
USDA Plants GAOF
Tropicos 13019153
INPN 99260
Flora of Italy 2333
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:495681-1
The Plant List ild-7674
Plantarium 16900
PFAF Galega officinalis
Open Tree Of Life 222250
NCBI Taxonomy 47101
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000003264
Nature Serve 2.141903
IPNI 495681-1
iNaturalist 157393
GBIF 2975667
Freebase /m/02tpxy
EPPO GAGOF
EOL 703112
Calflora (Californian flora) 12523
USDA GRIN 70971
Wikipedia Galega_officinalis
CMAUP NPO25340

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Molecular interactions between metformin and D-limonene inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in breast and liver cancer cells Salim EI, Alabasy MM, Nashar EM, Al-Zahrani NS, Alzahrani MA, Guo Z, Beltagy DM, Shahen M BMC Complement Med Ther 06-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11071183
doi:10.1186/s12906-024-04453-x
PMID:38711049
View on Metformin: Antidiabetic and Pleiotropic Effects, Pharmacokinetics, Side Effects, and Sex-Related Differences Froldi G Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 08-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11054066
doi:10.3390/ph17040478
PMID:38675438
From Flora to Pharmaceuticals: 100 new additions to angiosperms of Gafargaon subdistrict in Bangladesh and unraveling antidiabetic drug candidates targeting DPP4 through in silico approach Ahmed SS, Rahman MO PLoS One 29-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10980240
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0301348
PMID:38551991
Understanding the action mechanisms of metformin in the gastrointestinal tract Cheng M, Ren L, Jia X, Wang J, Cong B Front Pharmacol 28-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11010946
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1347047
PMID:38617792
Advancements in research on the immune-inflammatory mechanisms mediated by NLRP3 inflammasome in ischemic stroke and the regulatory role of natural plant products Yang K, Zeng L, He Q, Wang S, Xu H, Ge J Front Pharmacol 27-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11004298
doi:10.3389/fphar.2024.1250918
PMID:38601463
Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential Perazza F, Leoni L, Colosimo S, Musio A, Bocedi G, D’Avino M, Agnelli G, Nicastri A, Rossetti C, Sacilotto F, Marchesini G, Petroni ML, Ravaioli F Metabolites 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11052067
doi:10.3390/metabo14040186
PMID:38668314
Harnessing Immune Cell Metabolism to Modulate Alloresponse in Transplantation Noble J, Macek Jilkova Z, Aspord C, Malvezzi P, Fribourg M, Riella LV, Cravedi P Transpl Int 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10985621
doi:10.3389/ti.2024.12330
PMID:38567143
Apple crown and collar canker and necrosis caused by Cytospora balanejica sp. nov. in Iran Azizi R, Ghosta Y, Ahmadpour A Sci Rep 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10951349
doi:10.1038/s41598-024-57235-3
PMID:38504125
Metformin and Breast Cancer: Current Findings and Future Perspectives from Preclinical and Clinical Studies Corleto KA, Strandmo JL, Giles ED Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974219
doi:10.3390/ph17030396
PMID:38543182
Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy) Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10936038
doi:10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:38475780
Comparative analysis of codon usage patterns in the chloroplast genomes of nine forage legumes Xiao M, Hu X, Li Y, Liu Q, Shen S, Jiang T, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Li Y, Luo X, Bai L, Yan W Physiol Mol Biol Plants 09-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11016040
doi:10.1007/s12298-024-01421-0
PMID:38623162
Metformin and Glucose Concentration as Limiting Factors in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Viability and Proliferation Villa-Fernández E, García AV, Fernández-Fernández A, García-Villarino M, Ares-Blanco J, Pujante P, González-Vidal T, Fraga MF, Torre EM, Delgado E, Lambert C Int J Mol Sci 24-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10932269
doi:10.3390/ijms25052637
PMID:38473884
Glycolipids Derived from the Korean Endemic Plant Aruncus aethusifolius Inducing Glucose Uptake in Mouse Skeletal Muscle C2C12 Cells Baek JG, Park DH, Vu NK, Muvva C, Hwang H, Song S, Lee HS, Kim TJ, Kwon HC, Park K, Kang KS, Kwon J Plants (Basel) 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10934126
doi:10.3390/plants13050608
PMID:38475455
The mechanisms of action of metformin on head and neck cancer in the pre-clinical setting: a scoping review Huang L, Woods CM, Dharmawardana N, Michael MZ, Ooi EH Front Oncol 22-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10917904
doi:10.3389/fonc.2024.1358854
PMID:38454932
Magnetic iron oxide-based nanozymes: from synthesis to application Ghazzy A, Nsairat H, Said R, Sibai OA, AbuRuman A, Shraim AS, Al hunaiti A Nanoscale Adv 19-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10929596
doi:10.1039/d3na00903c
PMID:38482039

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Arylnaphthalene lignans
4'-Demethyldehydropodophyllotoxin 15232507 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C2=C3C(=C(C4=CC5=C(C=C42)OCO5)O)COC3=O 396.30 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones
Deoxypodophyllotoxin 345501 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3C(CC4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)COC3=O 398.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Isopicropodophyllone 11189106 Click to see 412.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Picropodopyllotoxone 3083574 Click to see 412.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Podophyllotoxone 443014 Click to see 412.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Lignan lactones / Podophyllotoxins
Podofilox 10607 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3C(COC3=O)C(C4=CC5=C(C=C24)OCO5)O 414.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
[(1S,2R,8aS)-1-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-1-hydroxy-2,5,5,8a-tetramethyl-3-oxo-4a,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-2-yl] acetate 5317455 Click to see CC(=O)OC1(C(=O)CC2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=COC=C3)O)C)(C)C)C 376.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(4R,5S)-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 51693149 Click to see CC1=CC(=O)CC(C1C=CC(C)O)(C)COC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00697-9
(4S,5R)-4-hydroxy-4-[(E,3R)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 162954689 Click to see 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00697-9
4-(3-Hydroxybut-1-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 73157156 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00697-9
4-[(E)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 11968660 Click to see 386.40 unknown via CMAUP database
4-Hydroxy-4-(3-hydroxybut-1-enyl)-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 73084841 Click to see 402.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00697-9
4-hydroxy-4-[(E)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dimethyl-5-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one 11968600 Click to see 402.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,9R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 13326387 Click to see 797.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
methyl (2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,9R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate 21629870 Click to see 811.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Methyl 3,4-dihydroxy-6-[[9-hydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylate 14103647 Click to see 811.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Soyasaponin III 13326389 Click to see CC1(CC2C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(C(C1)O)C)C)C)(C)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C 797.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
(24R)-5-Ergosten-3beta-ol 312822 Click to see 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Campesterol 173183 Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C 400.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Steroidal glycosides
Campesterol glucoside 12895785 Click to see 562.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Campesteryl glucoside 12895787 Click to see 562.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol 222284 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 122544 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
2-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 73072970 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 574.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Stigmasterol 5280794 Click to see 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Stigmasterol Glucoside 6602508 Click to see 574.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Organic acids and derivatives / Organic sulfuric acids and derivatives / Organic sulfuric acids
hydrogen sulfate;[N'-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)carbamimidoyl]azanium 71669596 Click to see 225.27 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Guanidines
2-[(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]guanidine 21765894 Click to see 143.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02158164
https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19646710121
4-Hydroxygalegine 73193609 Click to see 143.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709875
https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19646710121
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02158164
N-(3-Methyl-2-buten-1-yl)guanidine 10983 Click to see 127.19 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/JLAC.19646710121
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709875
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC209536/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259584/
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azoles / Imidazoles
Allantoin 204 Click to see C1(C(=O)NC(=O)N1)NC(=O)N 158.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azolidines / Imidazolidines / Hydantoins / Allantoins
(S)-(+)-allantoin 439714 Click to see 158.12 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinazolines
(-)-Vasicine 667496 Click to see 188.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19622950407
1,2,3,9-Tetrahydropyrrolo[2,1-b]quinazolin-3-ol 72610 Click to see 188.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19622950407
Deoxyvasicinone 68261 Click to see 186.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)93059-6
Peganine 442929 Click to see 188.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00709875
https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19622950407
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259584/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 15559460 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259584/
Luteolin 5-glucoside 5317471 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1259584/
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyloxan-3-yl] acetate 163106513 Click to see 782.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-3-(4,5-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-((3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxy-5,7-dihydroxychromen-4-one 14299117 Click to see 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
3-[(2S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 44391816 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
Astragalin 5282102 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Manghaslin 11498684 Click to see 756.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
Mauritianin 5459192 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
Mauritianin 10919701 Click to see 740.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.48.281
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84335-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Coumestans
Flemichapparin C 11088179 Click to see 310.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
Medicagol 5319322 Click to see C1OC2=C(O1)C=C3C(=C2)C4=C(O3)C5=C(C=C(C=C5)O)OC4=O 296.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/CPB.35.1610
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans
Medicarpin 336327 Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3COC4=C(C3O2)C=CC(=C4)O 270.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00435-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 4-O-methylated isoflavonoids
3-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol 596401 Click to see 286.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(00)00435-5

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