Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fda7f7eb6d707201015 |
| Scientific name | Cyamopsis tetragonoloba |
| Authority | (L.) Taub. |
| First published in | H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.3(3): 259 (1894) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Gum derived from the endosperm (guar gum) is the principal commercial product. It is a water-soluble galactomannan polysaccharide used as a thickener, stabilizer, emulsifier, and binder in aqueous systems.
Industrial and craft applications:
Guar gum imparts high viscosity and pseudoplastic rheology to aqueous solutions, enabling use in oil and gas hydraulic fracturing fluids as a crosslinkable viscosifier and fluid-loss control agent; as a flocculant in water treatment and mineral processing; as a binder in paper and paperboard (recycled and virgin furnishes), in casting and molding operations, and in ceramic slips; and in textile printing pastes to control rheology and enhance sharpness.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Guar gum is used as a food additive (stabilizer/thickener) under standard regulatory provisions in baked goods, dairy and desserts, beverages and beverage bases, sauces and dressings, meats, and gluten-free flour systems. The high molecular-weight galactomannan hydrates to form smooth, cohesive dispersions that resist retrogradation and syneresis.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
Guar gum functions as a rheology modifier and stabilizer in rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic and personal-care formulations, providing viscosity build and suspending solids in aqueous media.
Properties relevant to use:
Endosperm galactomannan content commonly ~28–32% (dry seed basis); mannose-to-galactose ratio around 2:1, contributing to solubility and high intrinsic viscosity in cold water. Solutions exhibit pronounced shear-thinning, temperature stability under neutral conditions, and tolerance to typical food pH ranges; crosslinking with borate or transition-metal ions increases gel strength and elasticity for specialized industrial applications.
Standards and regulation:
Food-grade guar gum is produced under established specifications for purity and microbiological quality recognized by international food standards and most national food regulators, and as a permitted thickening/stabilizing additive in standard food additive frameworks.
Sustainability and sourcing:
The crop is grown in semi-arid regions with India and Pakistan as major origins; agronomic traits include adaptation to limited rainfall and mechanized harvesting. Supply chains rely on coordinated extraction, milling, and drying, and material flow is primarily the seed rather than vegetative biomass.
Fermentation feedstocks:
Galactomannan hydrolysates and derived oligosaccharides are investigated as carbon sources for microbial cultivation and fermentation, leveraging their predictable monosaccharide composition.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Cyamopsis psoraloides | (Lam.) DC. | Prodr.2: 216 (1825) |
| Dolichos psoraloides | DC. | |
| Psoralea tetragonoloba | L. | Mant. Pl.: 104 (1767) |
| Dolichos fabaeformis | L'Her. | |
| Dolichos psoraloides | Lam. | Encycl.2: 300 (1786) |
| Cyanopsis tetragonoloba | (L.) Taub. | |
| Lupinus trifoliatus | Cav. | Icon.1: 43 (1791) |
| Lopinus trifoliolatus | Cav. | |
| Cyamopsis psoralioides | (Lam.) DC. | |
| Trigonella tetrapetala | Roxb. ex Wight & Arn. | Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient.1: 197 (1834) |
| Dolichos fabiformis | L'Hér. | Stirp. Nov.: 163 (1791) |
| Cordaea fabiformis | Spreng. | Gen. Pl., ed. 9.2: 581 (1831) |
| Dolichos fabiformis | L'Her. | |
| Lupinus guadiloupensis | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 78 (1841) |
| Lupinus guatimalensis | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 78 (1841) |
| Trigonella goalia | Buch.-Ham. ex Wall. | Numer. List : n.° 5920 C (1831) |
| Indigofera tetragonoloba | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. 1: 431 (1821) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | guar |
| Arabic | قوار رباعي |
| Danish | guarbønne |
| German | guarbohne |
| Esperanto | guaro |
| Persian | گوآر |
| Gujarati | ગવાર |
| Gujarati | ગુવાર |
| Hebrew | גואר |
| Hindi | ग्वार |
| Hungarian | guárbab |
| Hungarian | csomósbab |
| Japanese | クラスタマメ |
| Kannada | ಗೋರಿಕಾಯಿ |
| Korean | 구아 |
| Lithuanian | kampuotoji pupenė |
| Malayalam | കൊത്തമര |
| Marathi | गवार |
| Dutch | guarplant |
| Punjabi | ਗੁਆਰਾ |
| Punjab | گوارا |
| Russian | Гуар |
| sa | गोराणी |
| sd | گئار |
| Swahili | mgwaru |
| Tamil | கொத்தவரை |
| Telugu | గోరు చిక్కుడు |
| Ukrainian | Гуаровий біб |
| Urdu | گوار |
| Chinese | 瓜尔 |
| Chinese | 瓜胶豆 |
| Chinese | 瓜兒豆 |
| Chinese | 瓜儿豆 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Tanzania
-
Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Ethiopia
-
South Tropical Africa
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
-
Southern Africa
- Kwazulu-Natal
-
West Tropical Africa
- Mali
- Sierra Leone
-
West-central Tropical Africa
- Cameroon
- Zaïre
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Arabian Peninsula
- Yemen
-
China
- China South-central
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
-
Arabian Peninsula
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- India
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Nicobar Nicobar
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Jawa
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Indian Subcontinent
-
Pacific click to expand
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Nauru
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Southwestern Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
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Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000189996 |
| UNII | K97Q182I2L |
| USDA Plants | CYTE11 |
| Tropicos | 13057639 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:489242-1 |
| The Plant List | ild-3648 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 91411 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3832 |
| IPNI | 489242-1 |
| iNaturalist | 67521 |
| GBIF | 2946183 |
| Freebase | /m/0bqvs |
| EPPO | CMOTE |
| US Library of Congress | sh85057593 |
| USDA GRIN | 12701 |
| Wikipedia | Guar |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_037177725.1 | Cte V1.0 | Chromosome | Chinese Academy of Sciences | 2024-03-18 | 40 | 458.91 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids | |||||
| Gallic Acid | 370 | Click to see | 170.12 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740330512 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids | |||||
| Myristic Acid | 11005 | Click to see | 228.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00107A004 |
| Oleic Acid | 445639 | Click to see | 282.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00107A004 |
| Palmitic Acid | 985 | Click to see | 256.42 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00107A004 |
| Stearic Acid | 5281 | Click to see | 284.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00107A004 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Lineolic acids and derivatives | |||||
| Linoleic Acid | 5280450 | Click to see | 280.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00107A004 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| Caffeic Acid | 689043 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740330512 |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0015-3796(86)80057-9 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Astragalin | 5282102 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/JSFA.2740330512 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |