Senna alata is a medicinal tree and ornamental flowering plant in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is native to the Neotropics, and is an invasive species in Austronesia. It grows up to 3-4 metres tall, with leaves 50-80 centimetres long. Its inflorescence looks like a yellow candle, and its fruit is a straight pod up to 25 centimetres long. It is easy to grow from seed, and is used medicinally for its fungicidal and laxative properties. It is known as akapulko in the Philippines, Ath-thora in Sri Lanka, and Gelenggang in Malaysia.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Herpetica alata	(L.) Raf.	Sylva Tellur.: 123 (1838)
Cassia bracteata	L.f.	Suppl. Pl.: 232 (1782)
Cassia alata var. rumphiana	DC.	Prodr.2: 492 (1825)
Cassia alata var. perennis	Pamp.	Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital., n.s., 14: 595 (1907)
Cassia rumphiana	(DC.) Bojer
Cassia alata	L.	Sp. Pl.: 378 (1753)
Herpetica alata	Cook & Collins	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. viii. (1903) 159.
Herpetica rumphiana	(DC.) J.Presl	Wobecný Rostl.1: 457 (1846)

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	emperor's candlesticks
English	candle bush
English	candelabra bush
English	empress candle plant
English	golden candlestick
ace	geulinggang
bcl	kasitas
bjn	gulinggang
Bambara	kɔntaba
Bengali	দাদমর্দন
dag	filasiko
German	cassia herpetica
German	herpetica
French	dartrier
Hindi	पीतांबर
Hindi	सेना अलाटा
Hindi	पीताम्बर
ht	kas piyant
Indonesian	ketepeng cina
Japanese	キャンドルブッシュ
Japanese	ゴールデンキャンドル
Japanese	ハネミセンナ
Japanese	ハネセンナ
mad	con-acconan
Malayalam	ആനത്തകര
Malay	pokok gelenggang
Burmese	သင်္ဘောမဲဇလီ
pam	pakayungkung kastila
Polish	strączyniec oskrzydlony
Quechua	yunka mutuyllu
Quechua	yunka mut'uy
Sango	gbändä
Sinhala	ඇත් තෝර
Tamil	சீமையகத்தி
Telugu	సీమ తంగేడు
Thai	ชุมเห็ดเทศ
Tonga	teʻelango
Vietnamese	muồng trâu
Chinese	翅荚决明
Chinese	翅莢決明
Chinese	翼柄决明
Chinese	翼柄決明
Chinese	翅柄决明
Chinese	翅叶槐
Chinese	对叶豆
Chinese	有翅决明

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Northeast Tropical Africa
  - Chad
  - Ethiopia
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Malawi
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Mali
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
  - Togo
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Burundi
  - Cameroon
  - Central African Republic
  - Congo
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Seychelles

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Oman
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Assam
  - Bangladesh
  - East Himalaya
  - India
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sumatera
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - Western Australia

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
  - Marshall Islands
- South-central Pacific
  - Society Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil North
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
  - Brazil West-central
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Southwest Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Costa Rica
  - El Salvador
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast
  - Paraguay
- Western South America
  - Bolivia
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000214728
UNII	G8NM9MK16J
Florida Plant Atlas	1836
USDA Plants	SEAL4
Tropicos	13032838
INPN	447049
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:1192167-2
The Plant List	ild-988
Missouri Botanical Garden	280477
Open Tree Of Life	404635
NCBI Taxonomy	53923
Nature Serve	2.148913
IUCN Red List	144263375
IPNI	1192167-2
iNaturalist	81515
GBIF	2956947
Freebase	/m/02vlfny
EPPO	CASAL
EOL	703879
Calflora (Californian flora)	9224
USDA GRIN	100063
Wikipedia	Senna_alata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Fabrication and evaluation of ribavirin-loaded electrospun nanofibers as an antimicrobial wound dressing

Alsulami KA, Bakr AA, Alshehri AA, Aodah AH, Almughem FA, Alamer AA, Alharbi LA, Alsuwayeh DS, Halwani AA, Alamoudi AA, Alfassam HA, Tawfik EA

Saudi Pharm J

01-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11004991
doi:	10.1016/j.jsps.2024.102058
PMID:	38601973

The paradox of plant preference: The malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii select suboptimal food sources for their survival and reproduction

Paré PS, Hien DF, Youba M, Yerbanga RS, Cohuet A, Gouagna L, Diabaté A, Ignell R, Dabiré RK, Gnankiné O, Lefèvre T

Ecol Evol

25-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10963300
doi:	10.1002/ece3.11187
PMID:	38533352

Ultrasonic-assisted extraction to enhance the recovery of bioactive phenolic compounds from Commiphora gileadensis leaves

Bin Mokaizh AA, Nour AH, Kerboua K

Ultrason Sonochem

18-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10979263
doi:	10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.106852
PMID:	38518410

A decade of advances in the study of buckwheat for organic farming and agroecology (2013-2023)

Vieites-Álvarez Y, Reigosa MJ, Sánchez-Moreiras AM

Front Plant Sci

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10950947
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1354672
PMID:	38510443

Genomic and Expression Analysis of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Chalcone Synthase Genes in Defense against Tetranychus cinnabarinus Infestation

Yang Y, Liu M, Huang Z

Genes (Basel)

05-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10970205
doi:	10.3390/genes15030336
PMID:	38540395

Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market

Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO

Heliyon

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10920373
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:	38463810

Enhanced antimicrobial efficacy of biogenic ZnO nanoparticles through UV-B activation: A novel approach for textile garment

Asmat-Campos D, Rojas-Jaimes J, Simbrón de la Cruz M, Montes de Oca-Vásquez G

Heliyon

05-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10864978
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25580
PMID:	38356582

Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review

Islam Shawon S, Nargis Reyda R, Qais N

Heliyon

01-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10864916
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25340
PMID:	38356556

A comprehensive review of antimalarial medicinal plants used by Tanzanians

Kacholi DS

Pharm Biol

25-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10812860
doi:	10.1080/13880209.2024.2305453
PMID:	38270178

Pest categorisation of Pratylenchus loosi

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Migheli Q, Vloutoglou I, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL

EFSA J

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10790189
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8548
PMID:	38229874

Melanogrit potentiates melanogenesis by escalating cellular tyrosinase activity and MITF levels via pERK inhibition

Balkrishna A, Lochab S, Verma S, Srivastava J, Dev R, Varshney A

Biosci Rep

09-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10776901
doi:	10.1042/BSR20231324
PMID:	38054639

Fabrication and Optimization of Electrospun Shellac Fibers Loaded with Senna alata Leaf Extract

Aung WW, Krongrawa W, Limmatvapirat S, Kulpicheswanich P, Okonogi S, Limmatvapirat C

Polymers (Basel)

08-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10819501
doi:	10.3390/polym16020183
PMID:	38256981

Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used by the indigenous community of the western region of Mizoram, India

Ralte L, Sailo H, Singh YT

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

03-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10765666
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00642-z
PMID:	38172927

The inhibitory effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on clinical isolates of Microsporum canis in dogs and cats

Khanipour Machiani M, Jamshidi S, Nikaein D, Khosravi A, Balal A

Vet Med Sci

31-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10766060
doi:	10.1002/vms3.1316
PMID:	37904671

Seasonal dynamics of Amblyomma cajennense (Fabricius, 1787) sensu stricto in a degraded area of the Amazon biome, with notes on Rickettsia amblyommatis infection

de Araújo FE, Martins TF, Ramos CC, Nogueira RM, Faccini JL, Tavares MA, de Lima NJ, de Almeida Júnior EB, de Sousa-Paula LC, Dantas-Torres F, da Silva Krawczak F, Costa-Junior LM, Labruna MB, Dall′Agnol LT, Luz HR

Parasit Vectors

27-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10612284
doi:	10.1186/s13071-023-05978-9
PMID:	37891604

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthracenecarboxylic acids and derivatives / Anthracenecarboxylic acids
Rhein	10168	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)C(=O)O	284.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00335-X https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<324::AID-PTR300>3.0.CO;2-2
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
Aloe emodin	10207	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)CO	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<324::AID-PTR300>3.0.CO;2-2
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-2-methylanthracene-9,10-dione	14375937	Click to see CC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0028-1099645
1,5,7-Trihydroxy-3-methylanthrachinon	85530570	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3)O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
3,4,5-Trihydroxyanthraquinone-2-carboxaldehyde	91664797	Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C(=C3O)O)C=O	284.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959590
Emodin	3220	Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)O	270.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<324::AID-PTR300>3.0.CO;2-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)97050-X https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
24-Ethylcholest-5-en-3beta-ol	22012	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside	296119	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
Sitogluside	5742590	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C	576.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzoquinones / P-benzoquinones
2,6-Dimethoxyquinone	68262	Click to see COC1=CC(=O)C=C(C1=O)OC	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
8-Hydroxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	71358891	Click to see C1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)O	300.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JA01160A019
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines
Adenine	190	Click to see C1=NC2=NC=NC(=C2N1)N	135.13	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1248/BPB.26.1361
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol	5280863	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MOLSTRUC.2011.02.005 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199808)12:5<324::AID-PTR300>3.0.CO;2-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-methylchromen-4-one	163037524	Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1C(=O)C(=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC	638.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-methoxy-5-methylchromen-4-one	163037523	Click to see CC1=CC(=CC2=C1C(=O)C(=C(O2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)OC	638.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U
Kaempferol 3-gentiobioside	9960512	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00058-3 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI.123.607 https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI.121.817
kaempferol-3-O-hexoxyl-hexoside	14228859	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	610.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0367-326X(03)00058-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162932272	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U
7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	73829957	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U
Chrysoeriol-7-O-(2''-O-mannopyranosyl)allopyranoside	5748483	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	624.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85140-U
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylated isoflavonoids / 7-O-methylisoflavones
7,3',4'-Trimethoxyisoflavone	628528	Click to see COC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=O)C(=CO2)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)OC)OC	312.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
Santal	9926336	Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=C1)OC=C(C2=O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O	300.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Neoflavonoids / Neoflavones
Dalbergin	442768	Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=CC(=O)OC2=C1)C3=CC=CC=C3)O	268.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85192-T

Biological Material Top

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Senna alata

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top