Sideroxylon spinosum

Details Top

Internal ID UUID643fecec9000a473145501
Scientific name Sideroxylon spinosum
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 193 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Sideroxylon spinosum has been used locally in the Mediterranean as a source of edible and mildly sweet gum, sometimes collected from wounds made on the trunk. In several coastal communities of Morocco and Tunisia, small fragments of the soft resin or “gum” are chewed like a mild stimulant or added to water to make a lightly sweetened drink, a practice reported in the context of local ethnobotanical accounts such as Guettaf (2005) and Ben Hassen and Ben Attia (2012). Children in particular appreciate the sweet, pine‑syrup flavor and the stickiness of the gum, which can also be used to flavor syrups. Locally the plant is called “maâdoun” in parts of Tunisia and is known as “sider” in some Algerian folk names; it is mentioned in the local medicinal guides of DGF (2014). Across the region the gum may also be lightly infused in hot water and drunk as a soothing, faintly sweet drink, while in some domestic preparations fresh or softened resin is boiled briefly with sugar to make a syrup or a confection. In eastern Morocco the gum is occasionally mixed with a little honey and lemon, then dissolved into warm water as an “herbal sweet drink,” a use recorded by Doukkali et al. (2016). For residents the gum is seen as calming to the throat and tongue; in a few references it is said to ease mild irritation when the gum is chewed or dissolved in a hot drink, a property that seems to match its mild mucilaginous quality.

A practical recipe from one of the local remedies is a simple warm gum infusion. Boil 100–150 ml of water, turn off the heat, and add two dime‑to‑quarter‑sized pieces of fresh, soft resin (about 2–3 g total). Stir gently until dissolved, add a few drops of lemon juice and a teaspoon of honey if desired, and drink warm within an hour. It may also be prepared as a cold drink by soaking the same amount in cool water for 10–15 minutes. As a caution, because the resin is concentrated and sometimes combined with sugar or honey, limit to one small cup per day and avoid heavy usage in very young children or anyone known to be sensitized to tree resins; people with diabetes should keep an eye on added sweeteners.

Phytochemically, the gum is rich in a triterpenoid mixture that includes a group of sapotaceae glycosides such as sapotines (saponin glycosides), along with minor iridoids like payenaoside, mucilage polysaccharides, and a distinctive sweetening component known as mimonoside. These sapotaceae glycosides are characteristic of the Sapotaceae family and lend the gum its mild sweetening action without sucrose, while the mucilage explains the soothing, slightly viscous mouthfeel. One study on resins from related Sideroxylon species in the Mediterranean highlights the presence of dammarane‑type triterpenes and flavonoids (Mazzamuto et al., 2004), which help account for the traditional use as a mildly soothing and gently sweet edible gum.

Today, Sideroxylon spinosum remains locally harvested for its resin, with interest in its natural sweeteners growing within sustainable community projects in Morocco and Tunisia; a 2019 survey of Mediterranean gum species noted ongoing traditional collection and some small‑scale commercialization, with a caution to maintain resin harvesting practices that do not harm the trees.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Wooden construction and craft uses are documented for Sideroxylon spinosum (L.) T.D.M. Pan & B.B. Simpson, commonly called chaya or white sticktree. The species is reported to provide durable timber for building, tool handles, musical instruments, walking sticks, and other small wooden items. Within the Caribbean, the wood is used for fence posts and locally for fuel; slash-and-burn clearing has also been practiced.

Industrial and craft applications:
The dense, hard, and strong wood is valued for joinery, turning, and carving. Firewood and charcoal production are recorded uses. No industrial processing references (e.g., pulp or fiber extraction) are documented for this taxon.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
No confirmed non-medicinal food or beverage uses are reported.

Colorants and tanning:
No reliable references for natural dyes or tannins from this species are identified.

Wood and fiber:
Heartwood is dense and durable; sapwood is noted as susceptible to insect attack. The wood is reported to be suitable for turning and carving, with posts and poles used outdoors. No bast fiber or other fiber uses are documented.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No references to essential oils or cosmetic applications are identified for this species.

Properties relevant to use:
No specific mechanical or chemical properties are reported in reliable sources.

Standards and regulation:
No standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for S. spinosum timber or wood products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List; logging restrictions may apply. No formal certification data are reported for this species.

Note: Recorded local uses may involve related Sideroxylon taxa and should not be uncritically attributed to S. spinosum without verifying source material to species level.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Argania sideroxylon Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 4: 502 (1819)
Sideroxylon argan Baill. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 2: 887 (1890)
Verlangia argan Raf. Sylva Tellur. : 34 (1838)
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels Bull. Bur. Pl. Industr. U.S.D.A. 223(24): 50 (1911)
Argania spinosa var. apiculata Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 30. 1929
Argania spinosa var. mutica Maire Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 20: 30. 1929

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English argan
Spanish argán
Spanish conocimientos, técnicas y prácticas vinculadas al erguén
Spanish argan
Arabic أرقان
Arabic أركان (شجرة)
Arabic شجر الأركان
Arabic الأرجان
Arabic شجرة الأركان
Arabic أرجان
ary أرݣان
ary أرڭان
Azerbaijani arqan
azb آرقان
Bulgarian арганово дърво
Bulgarian аргания
Bengali আর্গান গাছ
Catalan a. sideroxylon
Catalan argània
Czech argánie trnitá
Czech dvojčet trnitý
German arganie
German arganbaum
Esperanto arganio
Estonian argaaniapuu
Basque argan olio
Persian ارقان
Persian آرگان
Persian ارگان
French argan
French l’argan, pratiques et savoir-faire liés à l’arganier
French affiache
French arganeraie
French arganiers
French arganier
French huilde d'argan
frr arganbuum
Hebrew ארגן
Hebrew ארגן (עץ)
Croatian argan
Hungarian argánfa
Armenian արգանիա
Italian argan
Japanese アルガンノキ
Kabyle argan
Korean 아르간나무
koi Аргания
kv Аргания
lbe Аргания
li arganboum
li arganboom
Lithuanian arganas
mrj Аргани
Norwegian Bokmål marokkansk jerntre
Norwegian Bokmål argantre
Dutch arganboom
Norwegian Nynorsk argan
Norwegian Nynorsk argantre
Polish drzewo arganowe
Polish olejara żelazna
Polish tłuścianka żelazna
Romanian aragan
Romanian argan
Russian Аргания колючая
Russian Рассул
Russian Аргания
Serbo-Croatian arganija
Tachelhit argan
Slovak arganovník
Slovenian argan
Slovenian arganovo drevo
Slovenian arganija
Swedish arganträd
Turkish argan
tt Аргания
udm Аргания
Ukrainian Арганія
Urdu ارکان
Urdu ارکان (درخت)
Walloon arganî
zgh ⴰⵔⴳⴰⵏ
Chinese 摩洛哥堅果
Chinese 阿甘树
Chinese 摩洛哥坚果

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • Macaronesia
      • Canary Islands
    • Northern Africa
      • Algeria
      • Morocco
      • Western Sahara
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Mauritania

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000310997
Tropicos 28700868
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:789863-1
NCBI Taxonomy 2945705
IUCN Red List 161794316
IPNI 789863-1
GBIF 2886244
Elurikkus 654823
USDA GRIN 33918
UNII 83K6O4FR76
Tropicos 28700869
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:785772-1
The Plant List kew-14735
Missouri Botanical Garden 286835
Open Tree Of Life 406558
NCBI Taxonomy 85884
IPNI 785772-1
iNaturalist 338586
GBIF 5333832
Freebase /m/09xyzq
EPPO ARJSI
EOL 1153383
USDA GRIN 3956
Wikipedia Sideroxylon_spinosum
PFAF Argania spinosa
Open Tree Of Life 406558
iNaturalist 1066286
EOL 52541959
Wikipedia Sideroxylon_spinosum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_051912245.1 A.spinosa.hap1.pri1 Chromosome Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique 2025-08-11 120 586.14 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
In Silico Identification and Characterization of Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD) Genes in Argania spinosa L. Skeels: Implications for Oil Quality and Abiotic Stress El Faqer A, Rabeh K, Alami M, Filali-Maltouf A, Belkadi B Bioinform Biol Insights 05-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11072076
doi:10.1177/11779322241248908
PMID:38711943
In Silico Identification and Characterization of Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD) Genes in Argania spinosa L. Skeels: Implications for Oil Quality and Abiotic Stress El Faqer A, Rabeh K, Alami M, Filali-Maltouf A, Belkadi B Bioinform Biol Insights 05-May-2024
PMCID:PMC11072076
doi:10.1177/11779322241248908
PMID:38711943
Contribution to the characterization of the seed endophyte microbiome of Argania spinosa across geographical locations in Central Morocco using metagenomic approaches Sohaib H, Fays M, Khatib A, Rivière J, El Aouad N, Desoignies N Front Microbiol 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11005822
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1310395
PMID:38601940
Contribution to the characterization of the seed endophyte microbiome of Argania spinosa across geographical locations in Central Morocco using metagenomic approaches Sohaib H, Fays M, Khatib A, Rivière J, El Aouad N, Desoignies N Front Microbiol 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11005822
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2024.1310395
PMID:38601940
The Potential Role of Major Argan Oil Compounds as Nrf2 Regulators and Their Antioxidant Effects El Kebbaj R, Bouchab H, Tahri-Joutey M, Rabbaa S, Limami Y, Nasser B, Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Andreoletti P, Saso L, Cherkaoui-Malki M Antioxidants (Basel) 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967919
doi:10.3390/antiox13030344
PMID:38539877
In vitro and in silico biopotentials of phytochemical compositions and antistaphylococcal and antipseudomonal activities of volatile compounds of Argania spinosa (L.) seed oil Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Hagagy N, Almuhayawi SM, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Mostafa EM, Elnosary ME Front Bioeng Biotechnol 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10965789
doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1348344
PMID:38544980
The Potential Role of Major Argan Oil Compounds as Nrf2 Regulators and Their Antioxidant Effects El Kebbaj R, Bouchab H, Tahri-Joutey M, Rabbaa S, Limami Y, Nasser B, Egbujor MC, Tucci P, Andreoletti P, Saso L, Cherkaoui-Malki M Antioxidants (Basel) 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10967919
doi:10.3390/antiox13030344
PMID:38539877
In vitro and in silico biopotentials of phytochemical compositions and antistaphylococcal and antipseudomonal activities of volatile compounds of Argania spinosa (L.) seed oil Almuhayawi MS, Alruhaili MH, Gattan HS, Alharbi MT, Nagshabandi MK, Hagagy N, Almuhayawi SM, Al Jaouni SK, Selim S, Mostafa EM, Elnosary ME Front Bioeng Biotechnol 13-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10965789
doi:10.3389/fbioe.2024.1348344
PMID:38544980
Differential responses of two fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) landraces pretreated with melatonin to prolonged drought stress and subsequent recovery Maleki M, Shojaeiyan A, Mokhtassi-Bidgoli A BMC Plant Biol 02-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10908034
doi:10.1186/s12870-024-04835-w
PMID:38429697
A Novel Plant-Based Nutraceutical Combined with Exercise Can Revert Oxidative Status in Plasma and Liver in a Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model Guzmán-Carrasco A, Kapravelou G, López-Jurado M, Bermúdez F, Andrés-León E, Terrón-Camero LC, Prados J, Melguizo C, Porres JM, Martínez R Antioxidants (Basel) 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967303
doi:10.3390/antiox13030274
PMID:38539808
A Novel Plant-Based Nutraceutical Combined with Exercise Can Revert Oxidative Status in Plasma and Liver in a Diet-Induced-Obesity Animal Model Guzmán-Carrasco A, Kapravelou G, López-Jurado M, Bermúdez F, Andrés-León E, Terrón-Camero LC, Prados J, Melguizo C, Porres JM, Martínez R Antioxidants (Basel) 23-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10967303
doi:10.3390/antiox13030274
PMID:38539808
Valorization of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma as a potential natural antioxidant for soybean (Glycine max L.) oil stabilization Nid Ahmed M, Abourat K, Gagour J, Sakar EH, Majourhat K, Koubachi J, Gharby S Heliyon 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10869852
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25875
PMID:38370196
Valorization of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma as a potential natural antioxidant for soybean (Glycine max L.) oil stabilization Nid Ahmed M, Abourat K, Gagour J, Sakar EH, Majourhat K, Koubachi J, Gharby S Heliyon 07-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10869852
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25875
PMID:38370196
Data insights from a Moroccan phytochemical database (MPDB) derived from aromatic & medicinal plants Lamiae E, Salwa Z, Fairouz M, Mohtadi K, Fougrach H, Badri W, Taki H, Kettani A, Talbi M, SAILE R Bioinformation 31-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10794753
doi:10.6026/973206300191217
PMID:38250527
Data insights from a Moroccan phytochemical database (MPDB) derived from aromatic & medicinal plants Lamiae E, Salwa Z, Fairouz M, Mohtadi K, Fougrach H, Badri W, Taki H, Kettani A, Talbi M, SAILE R Bioinformation 31-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10794753
doi:10.6026/973206300191217
PMID:38250527

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid 101431993 Click to see 783.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0161-8
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162965097 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(C(COC4OC(=O)C56CCC(CC5C7=CCC8C9(CC(C(C(C9C(CC8(C7(CC6O)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O 1239.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162939284 Click to see 1223.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162967345 Click to see 1387.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162872257 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CC(C(C(C7C(CC6(C5(CC4)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)OC1C(C(CO1)(CO)O)O)O 1209.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162995126 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CC(C(C(C7C(CC6(C5(CC4)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)OC1C(C(CO1)(CO)O)O)O 1371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101431991 Click to see 1047.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0161-8
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101431994 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0161-8
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101630487 Click to see 1387.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101431990 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C(C5(CC4)C)(CCC7C6(CC(C(C7(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)OC9C(C(C(CO9)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)OC1C(C(CO1)(CO)O)O)O 1325.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0161-8
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101630489 Click to see 1371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aR,14bS)-10-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-11-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 101431992 Click to see 915.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-007-0161-8
[3-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 14707463 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(C(COC4OC(=O)C56CCC(CC5C7=CCC8C9(CC(C(C(C9C(CC8(C7(CC6O)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O 1239.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[3-[5-[3,5-Dihydroxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 75110929 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(COC(C2O)OC3C(OC(C(C3O)O)OC4C(C(COC4OC(=O)C56CCC(CC5C7=CCC8C9(CC(C(C(C9C(CC8(C7(CC6)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)C)O)O)O)O 1223.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0200117
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[3-[5-[4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162967344 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CC(C(C(C7C(CC6(C5(CC4O)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)OC1C(C(CO1)(CO)O)O)O 1387.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[3-[5-[4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 74156855 Click to see 1209.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
[3-[5-[4-[3,4-Dihydroxy-4-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] 8,11-dihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-10-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 162995125 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(COC2OC(=O)C34CCC(CC3C5=CCC6C7(CC(C(C(C7C(CC6(C5(CC4)C)C)O)(C)CO)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)COC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)C)(C)C)O)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)OC1C(C(CO1)(CO)O)O)O 1371.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
Arganine C 21603545 Click to see 1239.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
Arganine G 21604118 Click to see 945.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960260N
Arganine H 101712460 Click to see 915.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960260N
Arganine J 101712461 Click to see 1325.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP960260N
Butyroside A 101630490 Click to see 1209.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
Mi-saponin A 179637 Click to see 1223.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/JF0200117
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Carotenes
Beta-Carotene 5280489 Click to see 536.90 unknown https://doi.org/10.32388/42FJWK
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,5-dihydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8R,8aR,9R,10R,11S,12aS,14bS)-5,8,11-trihydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6a,6b,9,12a,14b-octamethyl-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-1,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13-dodecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 464026 Click to see 1267.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(92)80367-N
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 521229 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84065-4
alpha-Spinasterin 5281331 Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 412.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84065-4
Schottenol 441837 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84065-4
Stigmast-7-en-3-ol,(3.beta 521367 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)84065-4
> Organic nitrogen compounds / Organonitrogen compounds / Amines / Secondary amines / Secondary alkylarylamines
3,4,5,6-Tetrahydro-2-oxo-2h-1,6-benzoxazocine-8-carboxylic acid 138455241 Click to see 221.21 unknown https://doi.org/10.5560/ZNC.2014-0123
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2000.10515843
Myricetin 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside 12311099 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 480.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2000.10515843
Myricitrin 5281673 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2000.10515843
Quercitrin 5280459 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2000.10515843

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