Fouquieria splendens

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401ccb06df0355647084
Scientific name Fouquieria splendens
Authority Engelm.
First published in Mem. Tour N. Mexico : 98 (1848)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

Write a new one!
No ethnobotanical data added yet. Help us by writing one.

General Uses Top

Suggest a correction!

Common products:
- Ornamental potted plants for xeriscape landscaping; sold as 1–2‑m specimens with striking red flowers.
- Nursery stock of live fence posts (rooted cuttings) marketed for windbreaks and privacy screens.

Industrial and craft applications:
- Construction of natural live fences; stems are planted in rows to form impenetrable barriers.
- Use of dried stems for small‑scale craft items such as walking sticks and decorative dowels is documented in ethnobotanical surveys of southwestern material culture.
- Soil erosion control on slopes by establishing live ocotillo stands.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
- Nectar source for honey production; regional beekeepers harvest a light‑colored honey from ocotillo flowers, marketed locally as “desert honey”.

Scientific/model organism use:
- Studied as a model for crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis and drought adaptation; cited in plant physiology textbooks and research articles (e.g., Nobel 2009; Winter & Smith 1996).
- Used in phenological studies of desert plant flowering and water‑use efficiency.

Properties relevant to use:
- Spiny, lignified stems (high lignin content) give structural integrity for fencing and small timber.
- Thick cuticular wax and stem succulence confer drought tolerance, supporting use in xeriscapes.
- High lignocellulose density (≈0.5–0.6 g cm⁻³) yields moderate calorific value suitable for small‑scale fuel or craft use.

Standards and regulation:
- Horticultural stock complies with ANSI Z60.1 (American National Standard for Nursery Stock) for size and vigor.
- Import and movement of live plants are governed by the USDA Plant Protection and Quarantine Act; the species is not listed in CITES.
- Honey derived from ocotillo is subject to the United States Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act labeling requirements.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Propagation is primarily by seed (slow germination) and by stem cuttings (rapid rooting), enabling sustainable nursery production.
- Wild harvesting for fence posts is discouraged due to the plant’s slow growth and limited distribution; most commercial supply comes from cultivated stock.
- Conservation measures in some Mexican states regulate harvest to protect natural populations.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Fouquieria splendens f. albiflora Lodé Cact.-Avent. 16: 17 (1992);.

Common names Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!

Language Common/alternative name
English ocotillo
Spanish ocotillo
Spanish rotilla
Catalan f. splendens
German ocotillo
Basque okotillo
Finnish hehkuokotillo
French ocotillo
Italian ocotillo
Japanese オコティーヨ
Japanese フォークィエリア・スプレンデンス
Japanese フォウクィエリア・スプレンデンス
Chinese 尾红龙
Chinese 福桂树
Chinese 蜡烛木
Chinese 蠟燭木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
Name Authority First published in
Fouquieria splendens subsp. campanulata (Nash) Henrickson Aliso 7: 517 (1972)
Fouquieria splendens subsp. splendens
Fouquieria splendens subsp. breviflora Henrard Aliso 7: 519 (-522). 1972

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Add a new one! Suggest a correction!
No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northeast
      • Mexico Northwest
      • Mexico Southwest
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • New Mexico
      • Texas
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • Arizona
      • California
      • Nevada

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000691669
UNII 8125X4W8XI
USDA Plants FOSP2
Tropicos 13400003
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:105437-2
The Plant List kew-2813831
PFAF Fouquieria splendens
Open Tree Of Life 445124
NCBI Taxonomy 13533
Nature Serve 2.137277
IPNI 105437-2
iNaturalist 49325
GBIF 2927459
Freebase /m/01y1x9
FEIS plants/shrub/fouspl
EPPO FOQSP
EOL 487543
Calflora (Californian flora) 9966
USDA GRIN 243
Wikipedia Fouquieria_splendens

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Plants from Arid and Semi-Arid Zones of Mexico Used to Treat Respiratory Diseases: A Review Dávila-Rangel IE, Charles-Rodríguez AV, López-Romero JC, Flores-López ML Plants (Basel) 11-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974781
doi:10.3390/plants13060792
PMID:38592789
Agri-silvicultures of Mexican Arid America Andablo-Reyes AD, Moreno-Calles AI, Cancio-Coyac BA, Gutiérrez-Coatecatl E, Rivero-Romero AD, Hernández-Cendejas G, Casas A J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 14-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10503103
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00612-5
PMID:37710240
Browsers or Grazers? New Insights into Feral Burro Diet Using a Non-Invasive Sampling and Plant DNA Metabarcoding Approach Esmaeili S, King SR, Schoenecker KA Animals (Basel) 21-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10451565
doi:10.3390/ani13162683
PMID:37627474
The effect of conventional and sustainable agricultural management practices on carbon and water fluxes in a Mexican semi-arid region Guillen-Cruz G, Torres-Arreola R, Sanchez-Mejia Z, Flores-Renteria D PeerJ 20-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9784333
doi:10.7717/peerj.14542
PMID:36570005
Medicinal plants used by rural communities in the arid zone of Viesca and Parras Coahuila in northeast Mexico Torres-León C, Rebolledo Ramírez F, Aguirre-Joya JA, Ramírez-Moreno A, Chávez-González ML, Aguillón-Gutierrez DR, Camacho-Guerra L, Ramírez-Guzmán N, Hernández Vélez S, Aguilar CN Saudi Pharm J 12-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9845112
doi:10.1016/j.jsps.2022.11.003
PMID:36685306
Antimicrobial Activity of Lactones Mazur M, Masłowiec D Antibiotics (Basel) 29-Sep-2022
PMCID:PMC9598898
doi:10.3390/antibiotics11101327
PMID:36289985
Plant sizes and shapes above and belowground and their interactions with climate Tumber‐Dávila SJ, Schenk HJ, Du E, Jackson RB New Phytol 08-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC9311740
doi:10.1111/nph.18031
PMID:35150454
Cicada nymphs dominate American black bear diet in a desert riparian area Lundgren EJ, Moeller KT, Clyne MO, Middleton OS, Mahoney SM, Kwapich CL Ecol Evol 01-Mar-2022
PMCID:PMC8888249
doi:10.1002/ece3.8577
PMID:35261736
Metabarcoding of the phytotelmata of Pseudalcantarea grandis (Bromeliaceae) from an arid zone Herrera-García JA, Martinez M, Zamora-Tavares P, Vargas-Ponce O, Hernández-Sandoval L, Rodríguez-Zaragoza FA PeerJ 27-Jan-2022
PMCID:PMC8801176
doi:10.7717/peerj.12706
PMID:35127281
Does urbanization ameliorate the effect of endoparasite infection in kangaroo rats? Hurtado G, Mayer G, Mabry KE Ecol Evol 26-Aug-2021
PMCID:PMC8495810
doi:10.1002/ece3.8062
PMID:34646477
Changes in Soil Microbial Communities across an Urbanization Gradient: A Local-Scale Temporal Study in the Arid Southwestern USA Chen Y, Martinez A, Cleavenger S, Rudolph J, Barberán A Microorganisms 09-Jul-2021
PMCID:PMC8305102
doi:10.3390/microorganisms9071470
PMID:34361905
High Throughput Profiling of Flavonoid Abundance in Agave lechuguilla Residue-Valorizing under Explored Mexican Plant Morreeuw ZP, Castillo-Quiroz D, Ríos-González LJ, Martínez-Rincón R, Estrada N, Melchor-Martínez EM, Iqbal HM, Parra-Saldívar R, Reyes AG Plants (Basel) 03-Apr-2021
PMCID:PMC8067008
doi:10.3390/plants10040695
PMID:33916866
Ethnobotanical biocultural diversity by rural communities in the Cuatrociénegas Valley, Coahuila; Mexico Estrada-Castillón E, Villarreal-Quintanilla JÁ, Encina-Domínguez JA, Jurado-Ybarra E, Cuéllar-Rodríguez LG, Garza-Zambrano P, Arévalo-Sierra JR, Cantú-Ayala CM, Himmelsbach W, Salinas-Rodríguez MM, Gutiérrez-Santillán TV J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 29-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8008621
doi:10.1186/s13002-021-00445-0
PMID:33781298
Global Phylogeny and Taxonomy of the Wood-Decaying Fungal Genus Phlebiopsis (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) Zhao YN, He SH, Nakasone KK, Wasantha Kumara KL, Chen CC, Liu SL, Ma HX, Huang MR Front Microbiol 10-Feb-2021
PMCID:PMC7902713
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.622460
PMID:33643251
TagSeq for gene expression in non‐model plants: A pilot study at the Santa Rita Experimental Range NEON core site Marx HE, Scheidt S, Barker MS, Dlugosch KM Appl Plant Sci 22-Nov-2020
PMCID:PMC7705334
doi:10.1002/aps3.11398
PMID:33304661

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
1-Eicosene 18936 Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C 280.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86538-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides
(1S)-1alpha-(beta-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)-1,4aalpha,5,6,7,7aalpha-hexahydro-7alpha-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopenta[c]pyran-4alpha-carboxylic acid methyl ester 13892715 Click to see COC(=O)C1=COC(C2C1CCC2CO)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
Adoxoside 11079666 Click to see 390.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
Galioside 185774 Click to see 404.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
Genameside B 11495491 Click to see 422.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
methyl 5,7-dihydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 162945363 Click to see 422.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
methyl 7-hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,5,6,7a-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylate 131860114 Click to see 406.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
Splendoside 124708118 Click to see 406.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(82)85028-0
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
[5-(hexopyranosyloxy)-1-oxo-2a,4a,5,7b-tetrahydro-1H-2,6-dioxacyclopenta[cd]inden-4-yl]methyl acetate 233330 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1=CC2C3C1C(OC=C3C(=O)O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 414.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82938-6
Asperuloside 84298 Click to see CC(=O)OCC1=CC2C3C1C(OC=C3C(=O)O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O 414.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82938-6
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Kaempferol 5280863 Click to see 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
Quercetin 5280343 Click to see 302.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)86538-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 3-O-methylated flavonoids
Chrysoeriol 5280666 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
Isokaempferide 5280862 Click to see 300.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
Quercetin 3,3'-dimethyl ether 5316900 Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC)O 330.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 4-O-methylated flavonoids
Acacetin 5280442 Click to see 284.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022
Ermanin 5352001 Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC 314.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1994-9-1022

Gallery Top

We don't have an image yet. Upload an image!

Contributors Top

No known contributors. Be the first!

Collections Top

In private collections 0
In public collections 0
You need to be authenticated in order to add this taxon to a personal collection.