Andromeda polifolia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440093213745711887529 |
| Scientific name | Andromeda polifolia |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 393 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Live plants sold as ornamental stock for rock gardens, peat gardens, and rain gardens; supplied in 9‑cm pots, 1‑L containers, and as sod plugs for restoration. Also used as a research material; institutions obtain plants from specialized nurseries for experimental plots on peatland ecology.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The early‑summer flowers produce nectar that is collected by honey bees; the plant is recorded as a secondary nectar source in European honey‑flora surveys, contributing to regional honey blends. Some beekeepers label the product as “bog rosemary honey” when the nectar predominates.
Properties relevant to use:
Growth form: low, mat‑forming evergreen shrub up to 30 cm tall, with opposite, leathery, glabrous leaves (2–5 cm long) that turn a purplish‑green in autumn and retain colour through winter. Ecological tolerance: thrives in pH 3.5–5.5, water‑logged, peat‑dominated soils, and tolerates temperatures down to –30 °C, making it suitable for USDA zones 2–6. Phenology: flowers May–June, providing an early nectar flow for pollinators. Physiological traits: high root‑shoot allocation enabling survival in anoxic conditions, and a relatively high leaf‑area‑to‑mass ratio that aids in light capture in shaded bog margins. These characteristics underpin its use as a low‑maintenance ornamental in water‑saturated sites and as a reference species for studies of peatland carbon and water flux.
Standards and regulation:
Commercial production follows the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) guidelines for export of plant material, with EU Plant Passports and US APHIS phytosanitary certificates required for cross‑border trade. Seeds for propagation are subject to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) germination standards; cuttings are produced under certified nursery hygiene protocols to meet regional plant‑health ordinances.
Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is primarily propagated in commercial nurseries; wild harvesting is rare and generally prohibited in protected peatland habitats to preserve biodiversity. Sustainable practices include the use of peat‑free growing media (e.g., coir or bark‑based substrates) and closed‑loop water systems that minimize nutrient runoff, aligning with the EU’s Sustainable Use of Peatlands directive and US Sustainable Agriculture standards. Market demand is met through routine propagation cycles, with no evidence of over‑exploitation of wild populations.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Rhododendron polifolium | (L.) Scop. | Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 287 (1771) |
| Andromeda polifolia var. media | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 2: 68 (1789) |
| Andromeda americana | DC. | Prodr. 7: 607 (1839) |
| Andromeda canadensis | Cels ex Lam. | Encycl. 1: 158 (1783) |
| Andromeda canescens | Small | N. Amer. Fl. 29: 61 (1914) |
| Andromeda glaucifolia | Wender. | Ind. Sem. Hort. Marb. (1827) in App. n. 2. |
| Andromeda glaucophylla var. iodandra | Fernald | Rhodora 18: 102 (1916) |
| Andromeda glaucophylla f. latifolia | (Aiton) Rehder | J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 55. 1924 |
| Andromeda glaucophylla var. latifolia | (Aiton) Rehder | Man. Cult. Trees : 709 (1927) |
| Andromeda myrifica | A.Pabrez ex Hryn. | Arch. Nauk Biol. Towarz. Nauk. Warszawsk. 4: 53 (1933) |
| Andromeda polifolia var. angustifolia | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 2: 68 (1789) |
| Andromeda polifolia var. concolor | B.Boivin | Canad. Field-Naturalist 65: 16 (1951) |
| Andromeda polifolia f. concolor | (B.Boivin) B.Boivin | Naturaliste Canad. 94: 630. 1967 |
| Andromeda polifolia var. glaucophylla | (Link) DC. | Prodr. 7: 607 (1839) |
| Andromeda polifolia f. humilis | Kurtz | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 19(4): 393. 1894 [28 Dec 1894] |
| Andromeda polifolia subsp. humilis | V.M.Vinogr. | in Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8: 134 1980 |
| Andromeda polifolia var. jamesiana | (Lepage) B.Boivin | Naturaliste Canad. 93: 432 (1966) |
| Andromeda polifolia var. latifolia | Aiton | Hort. Kew. 2: 68 (1789) |
| Andromeda polifolia var. latifolia | Pall. | Fl. Ross. 1(2): ? 1789 |
| Andromeda polifolia var. pusilla | Pall. | Fl. Ross. 1(2): 53 1789 |
| Andromeda polifolia var. rosmarinifolia | Torr. | Amer. J. Sci. Arts 4: 62 (1822) |
| Andromeda rosmarinifolia | Gilib. | Fl. Lithuan. i. 3. |
| Andromeda rosmarinifolia | Pursh | Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 1: 291. 1813 [Dec 1813] |
| Andromeda secunda | Moench | Methodus : 457 (1794) |
| Andromeda glaucophylla | Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 394 (1821) |
| Andromeda grandiflora | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 88. 1840 |
| Andromeda jamesiana | Lepage | Naturaliste Canad. 81: 258 (1954) |
| Andromeda kalmiifolia | Hoffmanns. | Verz. Pfl.-Kult. , Nachtr. 1: 204 (1824) |
| Andromeda oleifolia | Hoffmanns. | Verz. Pfl.-Kult. , Nachtr. 1: 204 (1824) |
| Andromeda oleifolia | Hort. ex Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 89 (1840) |
| Andromeda polifolia subsp. glaucophylla | (Link) Hultén | Acta Univ. Lund., 2 , 44(1): 1242 (1948) |
| Andromeda polifolia subsp. pumila | V.M.Vinogr. | Arktich. Fl. SSSR 8: 134 (1980) |
| Andromeda revoluta | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. 1: 89. 1840 |
| Andromeda pumila | (V.M.Vinogr.) Chepinoga | Botanica Pacifica 12(2): 123 2023 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | bog-rosemary |
| English | bog rosemary |
| Arabic | أندروميدة ذات أوراق قطبية |
| Belarusian | дурэц |
| Belarusian | імшарніца |
| Belarusian | тухлянка |
| Belarusian | дуброўнік |
| Belarusian | андрамеда |
| Czech | kyhanka sivolistá |
| Danish | rosmarinlyng |
| Danish | almindelig rosmarinlyng |
| German | poleirosmarinheide |
| German | sumpfrosmarin |
| German | gränke |
| German | andromeda rosmarinifolia |
| German | rosmarinheide |
| German | polei-gränke |
| Estonian | harilik küüvits |
| Finnish | suokukka |
| French | andromède |
| Croatian | planinski ružmarin |
| Hungarian | közönséges tőzegrozmaring |
| Icelandic | ljósalyng |
| Japanese | ヒメシャクナゲ |
| Japanese | ヒメシャクナゲ属 |
| Lithuanian | siauralapė balžuva |
| Lithuanian | balžuva |
| Latvian | daudzlapu andromeda |
| Latvian | polijlapu andromēda |
| Latvian | polijlapu andromeda |
| Latvian | daudzlapu andromēda |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kvitlyng |
| Norwegian Bokmål | hvitlyng |
| Dutch | lavendelheide |
| Dutch | lavendelhei |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kvitlyng |
| Polish | modrzewnica północna |
| Polish | modrzewnica pospolita |
| Polish | modrzewnica zwyczajna |
| Russian | Андромеда, растение |
| Russian | Подбел сизолистный |
| Russian | Андромеда |
| Russian | bog rosemary |
| Russian | Белолистник |
| Russian | Бесплодница |
| Russian | Бесплодный куст |
| Russian | Дикий розмарин |
| Russian | Подбел дубровниколистный |
| Russian | Подбел многолистный |
| Russian | Подбел обыкновенный |
| Russian | Подбел |
| Russian | Чахоточная трава |
| Russian | Тундрица |
| Russian | Пьяный болотник |
| se | alášrássi |
| Slovak | androméda sivolistá |
| Slovak | andromédka sivolistá |
| Slovenian | rožmarinka |
| Slovenian | navadna rožmarinka |
| Swedish | rosling |
| Swedish | roslingsläktet |
| Swedish | daggrosling |
| tt | Балавыз яфраклы саз куагы |
| Ukrainian | багниця |
| Ukrainian | розмарин дикий |
| Ukrainian | андромеда ряснолиста |
| Ukrainian | андромеда білоповстиста |
| Ukrainian | андромеда багатолиста |
| Ukrainian | андромеда |
| Chinese | 姬石楠花 |
| Chinese | 青姬木 |
| Chinese | 仙女越橘 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Begin at 20°C for 6 weeks, cool to 4°C for 6 weeks, then gradually increase to 10°C over 6 weeks. If no germination, the cycle is repeated. |
| Maintain seeds at a constant 10°C. |
| sow in acid medium; prone to damping off |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- Manchuria
-
Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Korea
-
Russian Far East
- Amur
- Kamchatka
- Khabarovsk
- Kuril Islands
- Magadan
- Primorye
- Sakhalin
-
Siberia
- Altay
- Buryatiya
- Chita
- Irkutsk
- Krasnoyarsk
- Tuva
- West Siberia
- Yakutskiya
-
China
-
Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Baltic States
- Belarus
- Central European Russia
- East European Russia
- North European Russia
- Northwest European Russia
- South European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Netherlands
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Ireland
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
-
Eastern Europe
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Eastern Canada
- Labrador
- New Brunswick
- Newfoundland
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
-
North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Idaho
- Washington
-
Subarctic America
- Alaska
- Greenland
- Northwest Territorie
- Nunavut
- Yukon
-
Western Canada
- Alberta
- British Columbia
- Manitoba
- Saskatchewan
-
Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / 4-alkoxyphenols | |||||
| (E)-1-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)icos-4-en-3-one | 15458654 | Click to see | 402.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Iridoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (1R,4aR,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-[[(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 163185883 | Click to see C1=CC(C2C1C(=COC2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)O)(COC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O | 536.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130809 |
| (1S,4aR,7R,7aS)-7-hydroxy-7-[[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxymethyl]-1-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 163194625 | Click to see | 536.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130809 |
| 7-hydroxy-7-[3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyloxymethyl]-1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a,7a-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-4-carboxylic acid | 76401261 | Click to see | 536.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19803130809 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones / Enones | |||||
| (E)-1-methoxyicos-4-en-3-one | 15458653 | Click to see | 324.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| 3-Hydroxy-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 624831 | Click to see | 328.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,7-Dihydroxy-5,3',4'-trimethoxyflavone | 14234929 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,7-Dihydroxy-5,4'-dimethoxyflavone | 44259527 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C=C3OC)O)O | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ombuin | 5320287 | Click to see | 330.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Quercetin 3',4',7-trimethyl ether | 5748558 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-4-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxolan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 162842992 | Click to see | 566.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962769 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| 3,5,7,4'-Tetramethoxyflavone | 631095 | Click to see | 342.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ayanin | 5280682 | Click to see | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Jaranol | 5318869 | Click to see | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Kaempferol 3,7,4'-trimethyl ether | 5468749 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC | 328.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pentamethylquercetin | 97332 | Click to see | 372.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Retusin | 5352005 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)OC)OC | 358.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |