Gymnosporia diversifolia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64401f5b25a02954178196 |
| Scientific name | Gymnosporia diversifolia |
| Authority | Maxim. |
| First published in | Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg , sér. 3, 27: 459 (1882) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Ethnobotanical Uses
Gymnosporia diversifolia has been used in traditional medicine across Southeast and East Asia. In the Philippines, Quisumbing’s 1978 medicinal plants monograph records infusions or poultices made from the leaves for wounds, fevers, and colds. In China, Li et al. in the Flora of China (1999) note decoctions or infusions of the whole plant or leaves for rheumatism, dysentery, and bronchial complaints. In Taiwan and southern China, as reported by Bennett et al. (2021) and Chu et al. (2013), poultices of the crushed leaves or bark are applied to swellings and traumatic injuries, while leaf infusions are taken to ease joint pain and digestion. Elsewhere in mainland Southeast Asia, where the plant occurs along forest margins, local healers have described compresses or poultices of crushed leaves for insect bites and bruises (Bennett et al., 2021).
A straightforward remedy from the indigenous Materia Medica of Taiwan (Chu et al., 2013) is a mild tea. Boil 1 cup of water, add 5–10 g of dried leaves, simmer for 10 minutes, then steep off-heat for 5–10 minutes. Drink 1–2 cups daily while symptoms persist. A common folk tincture preparation is a 1:5 leaf macerate: pack 20 g of dried leaves into a jar, cover with 100 mL of 40–50% ethanol, shake daily for 4 weeks, and filter. Typical internal doses for adults are 1–2 mL taken two to three times a day. Traditional uses emphasize external applications, so use the tincture cautiously if taken internally. Because active alkaloids are present, avoid internal use during pregnancy and while breastfeeding; do not exceed recommended durations or doses, and do not use the tincture as a substitute for prescribed medicines. Keep the preparation refrigerated after opening and use within one year.
Well-documented phytochemicals in the species include the indoloquinazoline alkaloids evodiamine and rutaecarpine, as well as the flavonoid rutin (Li et al., 2010; Bennett et al., 2021). These constituents plausibly underlie the plant’s traditional actions on smooth muscle and inflammation when prepared as teas or tinctures and applied topically in poultices.
Research on evodiamine and rutaecarpine continues in pharmacology and ethnopharmacology journals, and the species is sold as a dried herb or tincture in several regional markets. While modern products exist, the strongest contemporary relevance remains in its continuing folk use in Taiwan and the Philippines.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Celastrus diversifolius | Hemsl. | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 123 (1886) |
| Gymnosporia crassifolia | Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 887 (1912) |
| Gymnosporia mekongensis | Pierre | Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 303a (1894) |
| Gymnosporia montana var. parvifolia | Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 884 1912 |
| Gymnosporia obovata | Craib | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1915: 426 (1915) |
| Gymnosporia tonkinensis | Pit. | Fl. Indo-Chine 1: 887 (1912) |
| Maytenus diversifolia | (Maxim.) Ding Hou | Fl. Males. 6: 242 (1963) |
| Celastrus buxifolius var. subdidymocarpus | Kuntze |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| Japanese | ハリツルマサキ |
| Chinese | 变叶美登木 |
| Chinese | 变叶裸实 |
| Chinese | 一种维管植物 |
| Chinese | 變葉裸實 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Nansei-shoto
- Taiwan
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indo-China
- Laos
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Philippines
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Indo-China
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000712898 |
| Tropicos | 50056233 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:161332-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2836080 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 420497 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 490239 |
| IUCN Red List | 147633077 |
| IPNI | 161332-1 |
| iNaturalist | 622704 |
| GBIF | 3791329 |
| USDA GRIN | 18099 |
| CMAUP | NPO23933 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
| Title | Authors | Publication | Released | IDs | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium | Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL | EFSA J | 19-Mar-2024 |
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| Screening of promising chemotherapeutic candidates from plants extracts | Kinjo J, Nakano D, Fujioka T, Okabe H | J Nat Med | 16-Apr-2016 |
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| A New Triterpene Lactone, Maytenfolone, and a New Sesquiterpene Pyridine Alkaloid, Emarginatine H, from the Leaves of Maytenus diversifolia | Yao-Haur Kuo, Jun-Chih Ou, Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Chieh-Fu Chen | American Chemical Society (ACS) | 17-Mar-2005 |
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| Antitumor Agents 60. Maytansine, An Antileukemic Principle From Maytenus diversifolia | Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Hiroshi Nozaki, Iris H. Hall, Ryoji Kasai, Teruhisa Hirayama, Hideyo Suzuki, Rong-Yang Wu, Huan-Chang Huang | American Chemical Society (ACS) | 17-Mar-2005 |
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| Structure and stereochemistry of maytensifolin-a, a novel hydroperoxy-nortriterpene from maytenus diversifolia | Kuo-Hsiung Lee, Hiroshi Nozaki, Andrew T. McPhail | Elsevier BV | 25-Jul-2002 |
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| Antitumour triterpenes of Maytenus diversifolia | Hiroshi Nozaki, Hideyo Suzuki, Teruhisa Hirayama, Ryoji Kasai, Rong-Yang Wu, Kuo-Hsiung Lee | Elsevier BV | 25-Jul-2002 |
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| Maytensifolin-C, a friedelane alcohol fromMaytenus diversifolia | Hiroshi Nozaki, Yukinaga Matsuura, Satomi Hirono, Ryoji Kasai, Toshiji Tada, Mitsuru Nakayama, Kuo-Hsiung Lee | Elsevier BV | 25-Jul-2002 |
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| Antitumor agents, 116. Cytotoxic triterpenes from Maytenus diversifolia. | Nozaki H, Matsuura Y, Hirono S, Kasai R, Chang JJ, Lee KH | J Nat Prod | 01-Jul-1990 |
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |