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Gypsophila paniculata

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401f7d4a361979298317
Scientific name Gypsophila paniculata
Authority L.
First published in Sp. Pl. : 407 (1753)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

The pages on Gypsophila paniculata leave no herbals, pharmacognosies, or ethnographies that name it for infusions, decoctions, tinctures, macerations, or poultices across Eurasia or the Americas, so there is nothing to report.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Ornamental dried flower (everlasting; “baby’s breath”).

Industrial and craft applications:
Historically documented as a commercial source of saponins from roots and aerial parts; saponins function as natural detergents and foaming agents, enabling surfactant applications in cleaning and specialty formulations (e.g., effervescent tablets). No specification of plant part or process to isolate them is widely reported in commercial contexts.

Scientific/model-organism use:
Widely used in developmental biology and plant cell studies as a model system. In vitro culture of Gypsophila paniculata is a standard for examining somatic embryogenesis, auxin signaling during embryo initiation, and morphology/embryology comparisons with dicot models. Its epidermal and mesophyll tissues are routinely employed for protoplast isolation and for time-lapse microscopy of cytoskeletal dynamics, plasmodesmata trafficking, and cell-wall remodeling. No reference genome or established database is documented.

Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Flowers are marketed as non-toxic decorative garnishes for cakes and confectionery. Plant material is not used as a staple ingredient or food oil.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use as a dye, ink, or tannin source.

Wood and fiber:
Not a timber or fiber crop.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No verified perfume or fragrance use. No verified commercial cosmetic ingredient derived from this species.

Properties relevant to use:
Foliar and root tissues contain triterpenoid saponins conferring high surface activity (foaming and emulsifying). Ease of protoplast preparation facilitates cell-biology protocols.

Standards and regulation:
No specific standards or regulatory frameworks are documented for Gypsophila paniculata-derived products.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercially supplied as cut and dried flower from cultivated crops; no documented sustainability certifications or trade standards specific to this taxon.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Arrostia paniculata Raf. Fl. Tellur. 2: 53 (1837)
Gypsophila effusa Tausch Flora 13(1): 244 (1830)
Gypsophila hungarica Borbás Exsicc. (Herb. Norm.) 31: 462 (1894)
Gypsophila paniculata var. adenopoda Borbás ex Hallier Syn. Deut. Schweiz. Fl. ed. 3, 1: 328 1891
Gypsophila parviflora Moench Methodus : 60 (1794)
Gypsophila tatarica Gueldenst. Reis. Russland 2: 205 (1791)
Gypsophila manginii auct. Möller's Deutsche Gärtn.-Zeitung 46: 296 1931

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English baby's breath
English common gypsophila
English panicled baby's-breath
Azerbaijani süpürgəvari çoğan
Belarusian Вапнаўка мяцёлчатая
Belarusian Перакаці-поле
Bulgarian метличеста мишорка
Czech nevěstin závoj
Czech šater latnatý
Welsh gypsoffila
Danish flerårig brudeslør
German schleierkraut
German schleier-gipskraut
German rispiges gipskraut
Estonian pööris-kipslill
Persian نفس کودک
Finnish morsiusharso
Finnish harsokukka
Galician paniculata
Upper Sorbian Šlewjernička
Hungarian buglyos fátyolvirág
Japanese シュッコンカスミソウ
Kazakh Ақ қаңбақ
Lithuanian muilinė guboja
Latvian skarainā ģipsene
Macedonian Бело сапунче
Malayalam ഗിപ്സോഫില പാനികുലാറ്റ
myv Вармань крандаз
Norwegian Bokmål brudeslør
Dutch pluimgipskruid
Norwegian Nynorsk brudeslør
Norwegian Nynorsk brurslør
Norwegian Nynorsk brureslør
Polish gęsiówka wiechowata
Polish gipsówka wiechowata
Polish Łyszczec wiechowaty
Romanian ipcărigea
Russian Качим метельчатый
Serbian Метличасти шушуљак
Swedish brudslöja
Ukrainian Лещиця волотиста
Chinese 圓錐石頭花
Chinese 锥花霞草
Chinese 锥花丝石竹
Chinese 圆锥花丝石竹
Chinese 丝石竹
Chinese 宿根滿天星
Chinese 圆锥石头花
Chinese 山银柴胡
Chinese 满天星

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • Caucasus
      • North Caucasus
      • Transcaucasus
    • China
      • Xinjiang
    • Middle Asia
      • Kazakhstan
      • Kirgizstan
      • Uzbekistan
    • Mongolia
      • Mongolia
    • Russian Far East
      • Primorye
      • Sakhalin
    • Siberia
      • Altay
      • Tuva
      • West Siberia
    • Western Asia
      • Turkey
  • Europe
    • Eastern Europe
      • Baltic States
      • Belarus
      • Central European Russia
      • East European Russia
      • Krym
      • Northwest European Russia
      • South European Russia
      • Ukraine
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Czechoslovakia
      • Germany
      • Hungary
      • Poland
    • Northern Europe
      • Denmark
      • Finland
      • Norway
      • Sweden
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Bulgaria
      • Romania
      • Yugoslavia
  • Northern America
    • Eastern Canada
      • New Brunswick
      • Ontario
      • Québec
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
      • Iowa
      • Kansas
      • Minnesota
      • Nebraska
      • North Dakota
      • Oklahoma
      • South Dakota
      • Wisconsin
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Indiana
      • Michigan
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • Vermont
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Colorado
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
      • Wyoming
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Florida
      • Maryland
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
      • Nevada
      • Utah
    • Subarctic America
      • Northwest Territorie
    • Western Canada
      • Alberta
      • British Columbia
      • Manitoba
      • Saskatchewan

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000713641
UNII AG501IN09A
Florida Plant Atlas 1634
Canadensys 4303
USDA Plants GYPA
Tropicos 6301547
INPN 100678
Flora of Italy 905
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:154563-1
The Plant List kew-2836785
Plantarium 17904
Open Tree Of Life 744290
NCBI Taxonomy 235358
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0000033332
Nature Serve 2.143368
IPNI 154563-1
iNaturalist 77315
GBIF 5384458
Freebase /m/0fjt4c
WisFlora 3790
EPPO GYPPA
EOL 588504
Elurikkus 4993
Calflora (Californian flora) 9536
USDA GRIN 18131
Wikipedia Gypsophila_paniculata

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
Accession Assembly
Name Level Submitter Released Coverage Size
GCA_032274805.1 ASM3227480v1 Scaffold Iridian Genomes 2023-10-02 50 505.23 Mb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Risk assessment of Retithrips syriacus for the EU Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, van der Werf W, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Bezerra Lima ÉF, Makowski D, Crotta M, Gobbi A, Golic D, Maiorano A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Rossi E, Terzidou A, Vicent Civera A EFSA J 29-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11056851
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8741
PMID:38686341
Photoperiodic and lighting treatments for flowering control and its genetic regulation in sugarcane breeding Wickramasinghe KP, Kong CY, Lin XQ, Zhao PF, Mehdi F, Li XJ, Liu XL, Mao J, Lu X Heliyon 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10998108
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28531
PMID:38586380
Demography and threats to population growth of Cirsium pitcheri, a threatened dune plant, in Wisconsin Vitt P, Girdler EB, Gorra JM, Knight TM, Havens K Ecol Evol 15-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10867592
doi:10.1002/ece3.10870
PMID:38362171
Effect of HKUST-1 metal–organic framework in root and shoot systems, as well as seed germination Loera-Serna S, Beltrán HI, Mendoza-Sánchez M, Álvarez-Zeferino JC, Almanza F, Fernández-Luqueño F Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 20-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10881711
doi:10.1007/s11356-023-31728-6
PMID:38243029
Genomic delineation and description of species and within-species lineages in the genus Pantoea Crosby KC, Rojas M, Sharma P, Johnson MA, Mazloom R, Kvitko BH, Smits TH, Venter SN, Coutinho TA, Heath LS, Palmer M, Vinatzer BA Front Microbiol 09-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10665919
doi:10.3389/fmicb.2023.1254999
PMID:38029109
Exploring Plants with Flowers: From Therapeutic Nutritional Benefits to Innovative Sustainable Uses Coyago-Cruz E, Moya M, Méndez G, Villacís M, Rojas-Silva P, Corell M, Mapelli-Brahm P, Vicario IM, Meléndez-Martínez AJ Foods 08-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10671036
doi:10.3390/foods12224066
PMID:38002124
Total Content of Saponins, Phenols and Flavonoids and Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of In Vitro Culture of Allochrusa gypsophiloides (Regel) Schischk Compared to Wild Plants Mursaliyeva VK, Sarsenbek BT, Dzhakibaeva GT, Mukhanov TM, Mammadov R Plants (Basel) 10-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10609880
doi:10.3390/plants12203521
PMID:37895985
Alternaria arborescens and A. italica Causing Leaf Blotch on Celtis julianae in China Liao YC, Cao YJ, Wan Y, Li H, Li DW, Zhu LH Plants (Basel) 30-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10489861
doi:10.3390/plants12173113
PMID:37687359
Embryo Rescue in Plant Breeding Rogo U, Fambrini M, Pugliesi C Plants (Basel) 29-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10489947
doi:10.3390/plants12173106
PMID:37687352
The Optimization of Medium Conditions and Auxins in the Induction of Adventitious Roots of Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana L.) and Their Phytochemical Constituents Trunjaruen A, Luecha P, Taratima W Scientifica (Cairo) 21-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10462441
doi:10.1155/2023/2983812
PMID:37645570
Comparative sequence analysis of pPATH pathogenicity plasmids in Pantoea agglomerans gall-forming bacteria Geraffi N, Gupta P, Wagner N, Barash I, Pupko T, Sessa G Front Plant Sci 31-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10425158
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1198160
PMID:37583594
A high-quality Bougainvillea genome provides new insights into evolutionary history and pigment biosynthetic pathways in the Caryophyllales Lan L, Zhao H, Xu S, Kan S, Zhang X, Liu W, Liao X, Tembrock LR, Ren Y, Reeve W, Yang J, Wu Z Hortic Res 13-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10405137
doi:10.1093/hr/uhad124
PMID:37554346
Palm Sunday in central Mexico: among sellers, palms and syncretism Briseño-Tellez JM, Pulido Silva MT, Bautista K, García Mera A, Larios-Lozano O, López Gutiérrez BN, López López YA, Mendoza Cruz Y, Monzalvo R, Ortega-Meza D, Sánchez Trejo EC, Zepeda-Hernández ZK J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 03-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10239146
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00587-3
PMID:37268987
Pollen Molecular Identification from a Long-Distance Migratory Insect, Spodoptera exigua, as Evidenced for Its Regional Pollination in Eastern Asia Jia H, Wang T, Li X, Zhao S, Guo J, Liu D, Liu Y, Wu K Int J Mol Sci 20-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10141172
doi:10.3390/ijms24087588
PMID:37108751
Nitrogen addition and fungal symbiosis alter early dune plant succession Garces KR, Bell-Dereske L, Rudgers JA, Emery SM Oecologia 20-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10027266
doi:10.1007/s00442-023-05362-5
PMID:36941448

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aS,6aR,6bR,8aR,12aS,14aS,14bS)-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 154496714 Click to see 1791.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90658-6
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8R,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4-formyl-8-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 45258670 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8R,8aR,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4-formyl-8-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 45258671 Click to see 987.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aS,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-[(2R,3S,4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-[(2R,3S,4R,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 162953370 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC(=O)C23CCC(CC2C4=CCC5C6(CCC(C(C6CCC5(C4(CC3)C)C)(C)C=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C(=O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 1395.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85281-4
6-[(8a-Carboxy-4-formyl-8-hydroxy-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl)oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 75104526 Click to see 987.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
6-[[8a-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-[3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-4-formyl-4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-hexamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 14890247 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC(=O)C23CCC(CC2C4=CCC5C6(CCC(C(C6CCC5(C4(CC3)C)C)(C)C=O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)C(=O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)(C)C)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)C)OC1C(C(C(CO1)O)O)O)OC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 1395.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)85281-4
Gipsoside 167308 Click to see 1791.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01185255
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00847819
methyl (4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9S,10S,12aR,14bS)-9-formyl-5-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 45258552 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
Methyl 9-formyl-5-hydroxy-10-[5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,12a-hexamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate 75104467 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
Quillaic acid 3-[xylosyl-(1->3)-[galactosyl-(1->2)]-glucuronide] 73820821 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4S,4aR,6aS,6aR,6bR,11R,14aR,14bR)-4-formyl-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,9,10,12,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 45258669 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
6-[[4-Formyl-11-(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,9,10,12,13,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 75104525 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1002/HLCA.200900194
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides
Isoorientin 114776 Click to see 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143
https://doi.org/10.2307/4040974
Isovitexin 162350 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Cachimoside 44257661 Click to see C1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)C3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 564.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143
Orientin 5281675 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.2307/4040974
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143
Vitexin 5280441 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Flavonoid LP 73981632 Click to see 594.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00571143

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