Brassica nigra
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400dc393b18680851086 |
| Scientific name | Brassica nigra |
| Authority | W.D.J.Koch |
| First published in | Deutschl. Fl. , ed. 3, 4: 713 (1833) |
Description Top
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Brassica nigra, also known as black mustard, is an annual plant that is primarily grown for its dark-brown-to-black seeds, which are commonly used as a spice. It is native to tropical regions of North Africa, temperate regions of Europe, and parts of Asia. The plant has an upright growth habit and can reach up to 1.2 meters tall. It blooms in summer, producing yellow flowers with four petals. The plant then forms long seed pods containing four rounded seeds. Black mustard was formally described by Karl Koch in 1833 and is found in various regions around the world, including North Africa, Asia, and Europe. It has been introduced to North America and is considered an invasive species. The plant has a long history of culinary and medicinal uses, with its seeds being used as a spice in Indian cuisine and its leaves and flowers being consumed as a vegetable in Ethiopia. Black mustard is also mentioned in the Bible and has been used in folk medicine for respiratory infections and muscular pains. Despite its name, black mustard is not closely related to white mustard and resembles the perennial plant hoary mustard.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Mutarda nigra | Bernh. | Syst. Verz. Erf. : 197 (1800) |
| Melanosinapis nigra | Calest. | Nuovo Giorn. Bot. Ital. , n.s., 15: 384 (1908) |
| Sisymbrium nigrum | (L.) Prantl | Exkurs.-Fl. Bayern : 222 (1884) |
| Sinapis bracteolata | G.Don | Hort. Brit. , ed. 3: 42 (1839) |
| Sinapis orgyalis | Willd. ex Ledeb. | Fl. Ross. 1: 217 (1841) |
| Sinapis nigra | L. | Sp. Pl. : 668 (1753) |
| Sinapis persoonii | (Rouy & Foucaud) A.Chev. | Rev. Bot. Appl. Agric. Trop. 21: 104 (1941) |
| Brassica brachycarpa | P.Candargy | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 154 (1897) |
| Brassica bracteolata | Fisch. & C.A.Mey. | Index Seminum (LE, Petropolitanus) 4: 33 (1838) |
| Brassica elongata var. longipedicellata | Halácsy ex Formánek | Verh. Naturf. Vereins Brünn 36: 88 1898 |
| Brassica nigra var. abyssinica | Alexander Br. | Flora 24: 266 1841 |
| Brassica nigra var. bracteolata | (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Spach ex Coss. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 6: 609 1859 |
| Brassica nigra f. breviflora | Zapał. | Rozpr. Akad. Umiejetn., Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. 53: 120 1913 |
| Brassica nigra f. condensata | Hausskn. | Mitt. Bot. Vereins Gesamtthüring. 8: 31 1890 |
| Brassica nigra var. carneodentata | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 19 1891 |
| Brassica nigra f. dentifera | Zapał. | Rozpr. Akad. Umiejetn., Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. 53: 120 1913 |
| Brassica nigra f. glabrata | Zapał. | Rozpr. Akad. Umiejetn., Wydz. Mat.-Przyr. 53: 120 1913 |
| Brassica nigra f. hispida | O.E.Schulz | Pflanzenr. IV, 105(70): 78 1919 |
| Brassica nigra subsp. hispida | (O.E.Schulz) Gladis | Feddes Repert. 103: 490 (1992) |
| Brassica nigra var. japonica | (Thunb.) O.E.Schulz | Pflanzenr. IV, 105(70): 79 1919 |
| Brassica nigra var. subglabra | Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 19 (1891) |
| Brassica nigra var. tortuosa | (Pers.) Alef. | Landw. Fl. 233 1866 |
| Brassica nigra var. turgida | (Pers.) Alef. | Landw. Fl. 233 1866 |
| Brassica persoonii | Rouy & Foucaud | Fl. France 2: 51 (1895) |
| Brassica sinapioides | Roth | Man. ii. 957; et ex Mert. & Koch, Deutschl. Fl. iv. 713. |
| Brassica sinapioides | Roth | Manual : 957 (1848) |
| Brassica sinapis | Noulet | Fl. Bass. Sous-Pyrén. : 32 (1837) |
| Brassica turgida | Rouy & Foucaud | Fl. France [Rouy & Foucaud] 2: 51. 1895 [Apr 1895] |
| Crucifera sinapis | E.H.L.Krause | Deutschl. Fl. Abbild. , ed. 2, 6: 131 (1902) |
| Sinapis torulosa | Pers. | Syn. Pl. 2: 207 (1806) |
| Brassica nigra var. nigra | W.D.J.Koch | |
| Brassica nigra subsp. nigra | (L.) W.D.J.Koch | |
| Brassica nigra var. torulosa | (Pers.) Alef. | Landw. Fl. 233 1866 |
| Melanosinapis communis | Spenn. | Fl. Friburg. 3: 945. 1829 |
| Raphanus sinapis-officinalis | Crantz | Cl. Crucif. Emend. : 109 (1769) |
| Sinapis erysimoides | Roxb. | Fl. Ind. ed. 1832 , 3: 123 (1832) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | black mustard |
| Spanish | lusarda |
| Spanish | agenave |
| Spanish | ajo amarillo |
| Spanish | laparda |
| Spanish | xeneba de flor amarilla |
| Spanish | xenave de los antiguos |
| Spanish | sinapis tetraedra |
| Spanish | sinapis nigra var turgida |
| Spanish | sinapis incana |
| Spanish | sinapis gorraea |
| Spanish | Ñabestro |
| Spanish | mostaza rubia |
| Spanish | mostaza fina |
| Spanish | mostaza común |
| Spanish | mostaza comun |
| Spanish | lujarda |
| Amharic | ሰናፍጭ |
| Arabic | خردل أسود |
| Arabic | براسيكا سوداء |
| Azerbaijani | qara xardal |
| azb | قارا خاردال |
| Belarusian | Гарчыца чорная |
| Belarusian | Чорная гарчыца |
| Bulgarian | черен синап |
| Catalan | mostassa negra |
| Czech | brukev černá |
| Welsh | mwstard du |
| Danish | sennepkål |
| Danish | sort sennep |
| German | schwarzkohl |
| German | schwarzer senf |
| German | senf-kohl |
| dv | ކަޅު ރެވި |
| Greek | Κράμβη η μέλαινα |
| Estonian | must kapsasrohi |
| Basque | ziape beltz |
| Persian | خردل سیاه |
| Finnish | mustasinappi |
| French | moutarde noire |
| frr | suart senep |
| Irish | praiseach dhubh |
| Hebrew | חרדל שחור |
| Upper Sorbian | Žonopowy kał |
| Hungarian | fekete mustár |
| Armenian | մանանեխ |
| Indonesian | sesawi hitam |
| Indonesian | black mustard |
| Indonesian | b. nigra |
| Japanese | クロガラシ |
| kbd | Андэгурэдэгу |
| Korean | 흑겨자 |
| mai | तोरी |
| Malagasy | sinapy mainty |
| Macedonian | Црн синап |
| Malayalam | കടുക് |
| Marathi | मोहरी |
| Norwegian Bokmål | svartsennep |
| Nepali | तोरी |
| Dutch | zwarte mosterd |
| pcd | mouthiàrte |
| Polish | gorczyca czarna |
| Polish | kapusta gorczyca |
| Polish | kapusta czarna |
| Punjab | کالی راءی |
| Portuguese | mostarda-preta |
| Quechua | shitqa |
| Quechua | yana mustasa |
| Quechua | sitqa |
| Romanian | muștar negru |
| Russian | Горчица черная |
| Russian | Капуста чёрная |
| Russian | Горчица чёрная |
| sa | राजसर्षपः |
| Serbo-Croatian | crna slačica |
| Slovenian | črna ogrščica |
| Serbian | Слачица црна |
| Serbian | Црна слачица |
| Swedish | svartsenap |
| Tamil | கருப்பு கடுகு |
| Telugu | ఆవాలు |
| Telugu | ఆవ ఆకు |
| Ukrainian | Гірчиця чорна |
| Chinese | 黑芥菜 |
| Chinese | 黑芥（芥蓝菜） |
| Chinese | 黑芥 |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
No distribution data was extracted from POWO/KEW yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000571314 |
| UNII | 80I18Y904A |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 456 |
| Flora of Alabama | 1218 |
| Canadensys | 3923 |
| USDA Plants | BRNI |
| Tropicos | 4100069 |
| INPN | 86400 |
| Flora of Italy | 1658 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:279422-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2682421 |
| PFAF | Brassica nigra |
| Open Tree Of Life | 833635 |
| Observations.org | 6480 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 3710 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000456605 |
| Nature Serve | 2.137649 |
| IUCN Red List | 170108 |
| iNaturalist | 53112 |
| GBIF | 3042658 |
| Freebase | /m/05rqsf |
| WisFlora | 2785 |
| EPPO | BRSNI |
| EOL | 583895 |
| Elurikkus | 3171 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 1144 |
| USDA GRIN | 7666 |
| Wikipedia | Brassica_nigra |
| CMAUP | NPO6710 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_016432835.1 | Bnig_sang_1.1 | Chromosome | CGMCP | 2021-01-06 | 100.0x | 509.49 Mb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetaldehydes | |||||
| Phenylacetaldehyde | 998 | Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC=O | 120.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| > Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes | |||||
| Hentriacontane | 12410 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC | 436.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans | |||||
| Paulownin | 3084131 | Click to see C1C2C(OCC2(C(O1)C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)O)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6 | 370.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 1-Hentriacontanol | 68345 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO | 452.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,5S)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one | 6973628 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C | 150.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| (1S,2R,5S)-4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-ol | 88298 | Click to see CC1=CC(C2CC1C2(C)C)O | 152.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| beta-Pinene | 14896 | Click to see CC1(C2CCC(=C)C1C2)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| trans-Verbenol | 89664 | Click to see CC1=CC(C2CC1C2(C)C)O | 152.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| Verbenone | 29025 | Click to see CC1=CC(=O)C2CC1C2(C)C | 150.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| Beta-Phellandrene | 11142 | Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Alpha amino acids | |||||
| Methiin | 9578071 | Click to see CS(=O)CC(C(=O)O)N | 151.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90589-8 |
| S-Methylcysteine sulfoxide | 82142 | Click to see CS(=O)CC(C(=O)O)N | 151.19 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)90589-8 |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glucosinolates / Alkylglucosinolates | |||||
| [(1-{[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]sulfanyl}but-3-en-1-ylidene)amino]oxysulfonic acid | 417411 | Click to see C=CCC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC1C(C(C(C(O1)CO)O)O)O | 359.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1111/PPL.12082 |
| 1-Methoxy-3-indolylmethyl glucosinolate | 9576416 | Click to see CON1C=C(C2=CC=CC=C21)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 478.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001256R |
| 4-Ohimg | 9576741 | Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=CN2)CC(=NOS(=O)(=O)O)SC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O | 464.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF001256R |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds | |||||
| (4R,5R)-4,5-dihydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]cyclohex-2-en-1-one | 101999360 | Click to see C1C(C(C=CC1=O)(CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 334.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4S,5S)-4,5-Dihydroxy-4-[2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 101999361 | Click to see C1C(C(C=CC1=O)(CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 334.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 5316821 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 316.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4-hydroxy-4-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]cyclohexan-1-one | 11045420 | Click to see C1CC(CCC1=O)(CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 320.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 4beta-Hydroxy-4-[2-(beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy)ethyl]-2-cyclohexen-1-one | 101921144 | Click to see C1CC(C=CC1=O)(CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 318.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Phenylethanol beta-D-rutinoside | 11166301 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OCCC3=CC=CC=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O | 430.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| CID 11809239 | 11809239 | Click to see C1=CC(C=CC1=O)(CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 316.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Salidroside | 159278 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O | 300.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| beta-D-Glucosylisoeugenol | 14189874 | Click to see CC=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)OC | 326.34 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| p-Coumaryl alcohol 4-O-glucoside | 5280847 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CCO)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O | 312.31 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans | |||||
| (3aR,6R,7aS)-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzofuran-3a,6-diol | 11744892 | Click to see C1CC2(CCOC2CC1O)O | 158.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3aR,6S,7aS)-3,4,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-2H-1-benzofuran-3a,6-diol | 11084146 | Click to see C1CC2(CCOC2CC1O)O | 158.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3aS,6R,7aS)-3,6,7,7a-tetrahydro-2H-1-benzofuran-3a,6-diol | 101921142 | Click to see C1COC2C1(C=CC(C2)O)O | 156.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3AS,7AS)-3A-Hydroxy-2,3,7,7A-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-6-one | 10725564 | Click to see C1COC2C1(C=CC(=O)C2)O | 154.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Cleroindicin C | 10975728 | Click to see C1CC2(CCOC2CC1=O)O | 156.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indoles | |||||
| Indole | 798 | Click to see C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C=CN2 | 117.15 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| > Organosulfur compounds / Isothiocyanates | |||||
| Allyl isothiocyanate | 5971 | Click to see C=CCN=C=S | 99.16 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534735408330716 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)83085-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| Methyl 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 159894 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC | 238.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.61.118 |
| Methyl sinapate | 5321318 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC | 238.24 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1271/BBB.61.118 |
| Sinapine | 5280385 | Click to see C[N+](C)(C)CCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC)O)OC | 310.36 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JF303907B |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones | |||||
| Scutellarein | 5281697 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)O)O)O | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides | |||||
| Apigenin 7-glucuronide | 5319484 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 446.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hispidulin 7-O-beta-D-methylglucuronopyranoside | 15219280 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)OC)O)O)O | 490.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| 6,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 5321202 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| Homoplantaginin | 5318083 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C2C(=C1O)C(=O)C=C(O2)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O | 462.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 6-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Hispidulin | 5281628 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1O)OC(=CC2=O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)O | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Pectolinarigenin | 5320438 | Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C=C(C(=C3O)OC)O | 314.29 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |