pp. 185–186. ISBN 1-4179-0877-3.

Lactuca virosa, also known as wild lettuce or opium lettuce, is a biennial plant in the lettuce genus. It is often ingested for its mild analgesic and sedative effects and is related to common lettuce. The plant is tall and has purple flushed stems and less divided leaves. It can be found in coastal areas of Great Britain and across much of central and southern Europe. In the United States, it has been introduced in some states and grows wild in others. Lactuca virosa was used as a substitute for opium in the 19th century and was studied for its chemical compounds in 1911. It has experienced a resurgence in popularity in the 1970s and is now legal to grow, purchase, and own without a prescription. The plant contains a latex called lactucarium, which has sedative properties, and other chemical compounds such as flavonoids and coumarins. Lactuca virosa has been used in traditional medicine and is often referred to as the "poor man's opium."

Synonyms Top

No known synonyms.

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	great lettuce
English	bitter lettuce
Arabic	خس نفاذ
Arabic	اللبين
Arabic	الخس السام
Belarusian	салата ядавітая
Czech	locika jedovatá
Welsh	letusen chwerw
German	gift-lattich
German	giftlattich
Persian	لاکتوکا ویرسا
French	laitue vireuse
Croatian	divlja salata
Japanese	ワイルドレタス
Dutch	gifsla
Polish	sałata jadowita
Swedish	giftsallat
Chinese	毒莴苣
Chinese	野莴苣
Chinese	苦莴苣

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Lactuca virosa subsp. cornigera	(Pau & FontQuer) Emb. & Maire	Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Afrique N. 23: 198 (1932)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Madeira
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco

Australasia click to expand
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
- Southeastern Europe
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - District Of Columbia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Southern America click to expand
- Southern South America
  - Chile Central

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000024234
UNII	6D74QW4H67
Canadensys	3270
USDA Plants	LAVI8
Tropicos	2702761
INPN	104787
Flora of Italy	6331
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:329493-2
The Plant List	gcc-12342
PFAF	Lactuca virosa
Open Tree Of Life	104477
Observations.org	6937
NCBI Taxonomy	75947
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000004535
Nature Serve	2.149974
IPNI	329493-2
iNaturalist	53108
GBIF	3140346
Freebase	/m/06pl_1
EPPO	LACVI
EOL	486948
Calflora (Californian flora)	4552
USDA GRIN	21375
Wikipedia	Lactuca_virosa

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_928212115.1	Lvir_assembly_v4	Scaffold	WAGENINGEN UNIVERSITY	2023-04-09	10492.0x	3.21 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Sesquiterpene lactones as emerging biomolecules to cease cancer by targeting apoptosis

Hsu CY, Rajabi S, Hamzeloo-Moghadam M, Kumar A, Maresca M, Ghildiyal P

Front Pharmacol

11-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10961375
doi:	10.3389/fphar.2024.1371002
PMID:	38529189

Ecological and Syntaxonomic Analysis of the Communities of Glebionis coronaria and G. discolor (Malvion neglectae) in the European Mediterranean Area

Cano E, Cano-Ortiz A, Quinto Canas R, Piñar Fuentes JC, Rodrigues Meireles C, Raposo M, Pinto Gomes C, Laface VL, Spampinato G, Musarella CM

Plants (Basel)

20-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10934477
doi:	10.3390/plants13050568
PMID:	38475415

Role of sex in immune response and epigenetic mechanisms

Bhattacharya S, Sadhukhan D, Saraswathy R

Epigenetics Chromatin

22-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10802034
doi:	10.1186/s13072-024-00525-x
PMID:	38247002

Identification, Sequencing, and Molecular Analysis of RNA2 of Artichoke Italian Latent Virus Isolates from Known Hosts and a New Host Plant Species

Elbeaino T, Ben Slimen A, Belgacem I, Mnari-Hattab M, Spanò R, Digiaro M, Abdelkhalek A

Viruses

28-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675341
doi:	10.3390/v15112170
PMID:	38005847

Characterization of a Putative New Member of the Genus Potyvirus from Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) in Mississippi

Aboughanem-Sabanadzovic N, Stephenson RC, Allen TW, Henn A, Moore WF, Lawrence A, Sabanadzovic S

Viruses

25-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10675740
doi:	10.3390/v15112145
PMID:	38005823

The most polyphagous insect herbivore? Host plant associations of the Meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (L.)

Thompson V, Harkin C, Stewart AJ

PLoS One

04-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10602594
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0291734
PMID:	37792900

Genome assembly and analysis of Lactuca virosa: implications for lettuce breeding

Xiong W, van Workum DJ, Berke L, Bakker LV, Schijlen E, Becker FF, van de Geest H, Peters S, Michelmore R, van Treuren R, Jeuken M, Smit S, Schranz ME

G3 (Bethesda)

23-Sep-2023

PMCID:	PMC10627274
doi:	10.1093/g3journal/jkad204
PMID:	37740775

Lactucin Synthase Inactivation Boosts the Accumulation of Anti-inflammatory 8-Deoxylactucin and Its Derivatives in Chicory (Cichorium intybus L.)

Cankar K, Hakkert JC, Sevenier R, Papastolopoulou C, Schipper B, Baixinho JP, Fernández N, Matos MS, Serra AT, Santos CN, Vahabi K, Tissier A, Bundock P, Bosch D

J Agric Food Chem

10-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10119987
doi:	10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08959
PMID:	37036799

Hairy Root Cultures as a Source of Phenolic Antioxidants: Simple Phenolics, Phenolic Acids, Phenylethanoids, and Hydroxycinnamates

Malarz J, Yudina YV, Stojakowska A

Int J Mol Sci

07-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10138958
doi:	10.3390/ijms24086920
PMID:	37108084

Effect of Sucrose Concentration on Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Iljin Transformed Root Biomass, Caffeoylquinic Acid Derivative, and Flavonoid Production

Skała E, Olszewska MA, Makowczyńska J, Kicel A

Int J Mol Sci

10-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9693310
doi:	10.3390/ijms232213848
PMID:	36430325

Indoor Vegetable Production: An Alternative Approach to Increasing Cultivation

Ampim PA, Obeng E, Olvera-Gonzalez E

Plants (Basel)

25-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9657353
doi:	10.3390/plants11212843
PMID:	36365296

Plastome-based phylogeny and biogeography of Lactuca L. (Asteraceae) support revised lettuce gene pool categories

Chu R, Xu X, Lu Z, Ma Y, Cheng H, Zhu S, Bakker FT, Schranz ME, Wei Z

Front Plant Sci

12-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9597326
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.978417
PMID:	36311071

Antimicrobial Activity of Lactones

Mazur M, Masłowiec D

Antibiotics (Basel)

29-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9598898
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics11101327
PMID:	36289985

The In Vitro Inhibitory Effect of Selected Asteraceae Plants on Pancreatic Lipase Followed by Phenolic Content Identification through Liquid Chromatography High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS)

Tsagkaris AS, Louckova A, Jaegerova T, Tokarova V, Hajslova J

Int J Mol Sci

23-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9569725
doi:	10.3390/ijms231911204
PMID:	36232503

The Upper Range Limit of Alien Plants Is Not in Equilibrium with Climate in the Andes of Central Chile

Goncalves E, Herrera I, Alexander J, Duarte M, Cavieres LA, Morales-Salinas L, Bustamante RO

Plants (Basel)

08-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9501811
doi:	10.3390/plants11182345
PMID:	36145746

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Phenols / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids
(4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-2,7-dioxo-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[8,7-b]furan-9-yl)methyl 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate	78178711	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)COC(=O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O	410.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19370700220
11b,13-Dihydrolactucopicrin	14565841	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)OC(=O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O	412.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960064 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
11beta,13-Dihydrolactucopicrin	14565842	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)OC(=O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O	412.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
Benzeneacetic acid, 4-hydroxy-,(3aR,4S,9aS,9bR)-2,3,3a,4,5,7,9a,9b-octahydro-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylene-2,7-dioxoazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl ester	3482908	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)OC(=O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	410.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF950812S
Intybin	174863	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)COC(=O)CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O	410.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/CBER.19370700220
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(E)-5-[(4aR,5S,8aS)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,8a-trimethyl-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydronaphthalen-1-yl]-3-methylpent-2-enoic acid	163104399	Click to see CC1=C(C2(CCCC(C2CC1)(C)CO)C)CCC(=CC(=O)O)C	320.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Germacranolides and derivatives
(3aS,6E,10Z,11aR)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-10-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one	21636024	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O2)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
(3S,3aS,6E,9R,10E,11aS)-3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde	163007898	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C=O	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
(3S,3aS,6E,9S,10E,11aS)-3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde	13893665	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C=O	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514
(3S,3aS,6Z,9R,10E,11aS)-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,10-dimethyl-9-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one	163191371	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO	428.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
3,10-dimethyl-2-oxo-9-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-6-carbaldehyde	73188836	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C=O	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
6-(hydroxymethyl)-3,10-dimethyl-9-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydro-3H-cyclodeca[b]furan-2-one	162933287	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=CCC(C(=CC2OC1=O)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO	428.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
6-Methyl-3-methylidene-10-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3a,4,5,8,9,11a-hexahydrocyclodeca[b]furan-2-one	73817430	Click to see CC1=CCCC(=CC2C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O2)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Sesquiterpene lactones / Guaianolides and derivatives
(3aS,5R,6aR,8S,9aR,9bS)-5,8-dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	101938089	Click to see C=C1C2CC(C(=C)C2C3C(CC1O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)O	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
(3S,3aS,5R,6aR,8S,9aR,9bS)-5,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	101662849	Click to see CC1C2CC(C(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)O)O	264.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
(3S,3aS,5R,6aR,9aR,9bS)-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-5-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	21633213	Click to see CC1C2CC(C(=C)C3CCC(=C)C3C2OC1=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
(3S,3aS,6aR,8S,9aR,9bS)-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-8-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	21636137	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	73817502	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
5-Hydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-8-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	13855723	Click to see C=C1C2CC(C(=C)C2C3C(CC1O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
5,8-dihydroxy-3-methyl-6,9-dimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydro-3H-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	74400480	Click to see CC1C2CC(C(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)O)O	264.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
5,8-Dihydroxy-3,6,9-trimethylidene-3a,4,5,6a,7,8,9a,9b-octahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2-one	73814574	Click to see C=C1C2CC(C(=C)C2C3C(CC1O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)O	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
Ixerin F	21636023	Click to see CC1C2CC(C(=C)C3CC(C(=C)C3C2OC1=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	426.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959419
Macrocliniside A	10455028	Click to see C=C1C2CC(C(=C)C2C3C(CC1O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
Scorzoside	73816202	Click to see CC1C2CC(C(=C)C3CCC(=C)C3C2OC1=O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	410.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
Vernoflexuoside	442320	Click to see C=C1CCC2C(C3C1CC(C3=C)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC(=O)C2=C	408.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-959419
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,14b-Heptamethyl-11-methylidene-1,2,3,4a,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14a-hexadecahydropicen-3-ol	610148	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)O)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9440000283 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19382760910
Germanicol	122857	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(C2=C1)CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9440000283
Olean-18-en-3-ol	609334	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(C2=C1)CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9440000283
Taraxasterol	115250	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)O)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19382760910 https://doi.org/10.1039/JR9440000283
Taraxasterol Acetate	13889352	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19382760910
Taraxasterol, acetate	344468	Click to see CC1C2C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CCC2(CCC1=C)C)C)C)(C)C)OC(=O)C)C	468.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19382760910
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(3S,3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-[[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	133562318	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)O	440.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
3,6-Dimethyl-9-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	14138135	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
4-Hydroxy-3,6-dimethyl-9-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	14138129	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)O	440.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
4-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-methylidene-9-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	73817429	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	438.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
Cichorioside B	101701639	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C)O	440.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
Crepidiaside B	101683332	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C	424.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
Ncnuksmlrptjbc-nxtblzeosa-	21636022	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)COC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O	438.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(3aS,4R,9aR,9bS)-4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	133568471	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF950812S https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00049A002
(3aS)-3,3abeta,4,5,9abeta,9balpha-Hexahydro-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3beta,6-dimethylazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	14163573	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
[(3S,3aR,4S,9aS,9bR)-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate	14355818	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)OC(=O)C(=C)C	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
[9-(Hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-2,7-dioxo-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-4-yl] 2-methylprop-2-enoate	14355817	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)OC(=O)C(=C)C	346.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
11beta,13-Dihydrolactucin	9970764	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)O	278.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
4-Hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-3,6-dimethyl-3,3a,4,5,9a,9b-hexahydroazuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	14138137	Click to see CC1C2C(CC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C)O	278.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
4-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	3756497	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750106
8-Deoxylactucin	442196	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514 https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00049A002 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
9-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methyl-3-methylidene-4,5,9a,9b-tetrahydro-3aH-azuleno[4,5-b]furan-2,7-dione	3467448	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(CC1)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	260.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2
Jacquilenin	14163574	Click to see CC1C2CCC(=C3C(C2OC1=O)C(=CC3=O)CO)C	262.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)80019-2 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(95)00433-8
Lactucin	442266	Click to see CC1=C2C(C3C(C(C1)O)C(=C)C(=O)O3)C(=CC2=O)CO	276.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/JF950812S https://doi.org/10.1021/JF00049A002 https://doi.org/10.1002/ARDP.19372750106 https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2650060514

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Lactuca virosa

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