**Scientific and model uses:**

Ophrys sphegodes serves as a model organism in studies of pollinator-driven evolution and sexual deception in orchids. Its intricate floral morphology and specific pollinator relationships (primarily male scoliid wasps) are central to research on orchid phylogenetics, adaptation, coevolution, reproductive isolation, and the chemical basis of pollinator attraction (e.g., semiochemicals). It is featured in community databases like the Orchid Information Portal and contributes to understanding biodiversity and conservation biology due to its ecological specialization and presence within European conservation contexts. Its genome is being studied as part of broader orchid genomics initiatives.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Ophrys aranifera var. aurantiaca	Beauverd	Bull. Soc. Bot. Genève sér. 2, 19: 362. 1929
Ophrys aranifera var. euchlora	J.Murray	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 11: 50. 1905
Ophrys aranifera var. flavescens	M.Schulze	Die Orchid., Nachtr. Ber. 3. 1894
Ophrys aranifera f. latipetala	Chaub. ex St.-Amans	Fl. Agen. 232, 376 1821
Ophrys aranifera f. peralba	G.Keller	Form. Orch. Deut. 47 1912
Ophrys aranifera f. pseudomuscifera	Ruppert	Sonderbeih. Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. Erf. Heim. Fl. 78 1917
Ophrys aranifera f. purpurea	A.Camus	Iconogr. Orchid. Europe 333 1929
Ophrys aranifera var. rotulata	Beck	Fl. Nieder-Osterreich 1: 198. 1890
Ophrys aranifera f. semilunaris	W.Zimm.	Allg. Bot. Z. Syst. 23: 8 1917
Ophrys aranifera var. subfucifera	Rchb.f.	Icon. Fl. Germ. Helv. 13-14: 90. 1851
Ophrys fuciflora subsp. exaltata	(Ten.) E.Nelson	Gestaltw. Artb. Orchid. Eur. Mittelmeerl. 169. 1962 (1962)
Ophrys insectifera var. arachnites	L.	Sp. Pl. 949. 1753
Ophrys insectifera var. pallescens	Moggr.	Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 26: 10 1869
Ophrys insectifera var. rubescens	Moggr.	Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. German. Nat. Cur. 26: 10 1869
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. panormitana	(Tod.) Kreutz	Kompend. Eur. Orchid. 116. 2004 [Dec 2004]
Ophrys galeopsidea	Lag. ex Colmeiro	Enum. Pl. Penins. Hispano-Lusit. 5: 42. 1889 (1889)
Ophrys aranifera var. panormitana	(Tod.) Nyman	Consp. Fl. Eur. Suppl. 2: 293 1890
Ophrys exaltata f. toscanensis	Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 278 1929
Ophrys aranifera var. gigantea	A.Fuchs	Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 280. 1916
Ophrys aranifera subsp. fuchsii	(W.Zimm.) Soó	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 279 1929
Ophrys aranifera var. fuchsii	(W.Zimm.) Schltr.	Schlechter Orchideen 1: 108 1928
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aranifera	(Huds.) O.Schwarz	Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 92. 1949 (1949)
Ophrys aranifera f. elongata	Moggr.	Ophrys insectifera 13 1869
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. gigantea	(A.Fuchs) O.Schwarz	Mitt. Thüring. Bot. Ges. 1: 92. 1949 (1949)
Ophrys aranifera subsp. exaltata	(Ten.) E.G.Camus	Monogr. Orchid. 288. 1908 (1908)
Ophrys exaltata var. ambigua	Gren.	Fl. Jurass. 755. 1869
Ophrys arachnites var. exaltata	(Ten.) Fiori & Paol.	Fl. Anal. Italia 1: 235. 1898
Ophrys exaltata f. egibossa	Gren.	Fl. Jurass. 755 1869
Ophrys aranifera var. limbata	Lindl.	Bot. Reg. 14: t. 1197. 1829
Ophrys aranifera f. subfucifera	(Rchb.f.) Soó	Bot. Arch. 23: 28 1928
Ophrys aranifera f. valdecornuta	A.Fuchs	Mitt. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 280 1916
Ophrys aranifera f. pseudaranifera	Murr	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 16: 217 1898
Ophrys aranifera subsp. arachnitiformis	(Gren. & Philippe) E.G.Camus	Monogr. Orchid. : 287 (1908)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	early spider-orchid
English	early spider orchid
Spanish	primeras orquídeas araña
Arabic	حاجبية دبورية
Arabic	أوفريس دبوري
Bulgarian	паяковидно бръмбарче
Catalan	abellera aranyosa
co	ofride ragnu
co	ragnu
Czech	tořič pavoukonosný
Welsh	tegeirian-y-corryn cynnar
German	große spinnen-ragwurz
German	spinnen-ragwurz
Persian	ابرویی عنکبوتی
Hebrew	דבורנית הקטיפה
Upper Sorbian	pawkowa orchija
Hungarian	pókbangó
Italian	ofride verde-bruna
lb	spannen-aperhoerorchidee
Dutch	spinnenorchis
Polish	dwulistnik pajęczy
Slovak	hmyzovník pavúkovitý
Turkish	tavşan salebi
Ukrainian	Офрис кримська
Ukrainian	комашник павуконосний
Chinese	眉兰

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aesculapii	(Renz) Soó ex J.J.Wood	Orchidee (Hamburg) 31: 232 (1980)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. araneola	(Rchb.) M.Laínz	Anales Jard. Bot. Madrid 40: 279 (1983)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. atrata	(Lindl.) Malag.	Veg. Com. Barcelona : 265 (1950)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. aveyronensis	J.J.Wood	Orchidee (Hamburg) 34: 106 (1983)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. catalcana	Kreutz	Ber. Arbeitskreis. Heimische Orchid. 27: 231 (2010 publ. 2011)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. cretensis	H.Baumann & Künkele	Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 18: 375 (1986)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. epirotica	(Renz) Gölz & H.R.Reinhard	Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 15: 178 (1983)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. gortynia	H.Baumann & Künkele	Mitt. Arbeitskreis Heimische Orchid. Baden-Württemberg 18: 377 (1986)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. helenae	(Renz) Soó & D.M.Moore	Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 76: 367 (1978)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. passionis	(Sennen) Sanz & Nuet	Guia Camp Orquíd. Catalunya : 176 (1995)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sipontensis	(R.Lorenz & Gembardt) H.A.Pedersen & Faurh.	J. Eur. Orch. 37: 289 (2005)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. sphegodes		Unknown
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. spruneri	(Nyman) E.Nelson	Gestaltw. Artb. Orchid. Eur. Mittelmeerl. : 183 (1962)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. amanensis	(E.Nelson ex Renz & Taubenheim) H.A.Pedersen, P.J.Cribb & Rolf Kühn	Field Guide Orchids Europe Medit. : 242 (2019)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. jeanpertii	(E.G.Camus) Del Prete & Conte	Webbia 34: 560 (1980)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. lycia	(Renz & Taubenheim) H.A.Pedersen & P.J.Cribb	Field Guide Orchids Europe Medit. : 255 (2019)
Ophrys sphegodes subsp. taurica	(Aggeenko) Soó ex Niketic & Djordjevic	Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. Belgrade 11: 106 (2018)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Ophrys sphegodes var. provincialis	(H.Baumann & Künkele) P.J.Cribb	Field Guide Orchids Europe Medit. : 241 (2019)
Ophrys sphegodes var. transhyrcana	(Czerniak.) P.J.Cribb	Field Guide Orchids Europe Medit. : 259 (2019)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Caucasus
  - North Caucasus
  - Transcaucasus
- Middle Asia
  - Turkmenistan
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Iran
  - Iraq
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Krym
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Romania
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000258455
Tropicos	23507631
INPN	110345
Flora of Italy	11416
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:648128-1
The Plant List	kew-141753
PFAF	Ophrys sphegodes
Open Tree Of Life	1071175
Observations.org	152809
NCBI Taxonomy	145953
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0000461300
IPNI	648128-1
iNaturalist	243623
GBIF	2793334
Freebase	/m/02r61nb
EOL	1136415
Elurikkus	5992
Wikipedia	Ophrys_sphegodes

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.

Accession	Assembly
Accession	Name	Level	Submitter	Released	Coverage	Size
GCA_040285675.1	Osph-v2.3	Chromosome	University of Zurich	2024-06-25	30	4.86 Gb

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Qualitative Metabolite Profiling of Orchis purpurea Huds. by GC and UHPLC/MS Approaches

Cavalloro V, Pagliari S, Gosetti F, Campone L, Sottani C, Collina S, Martino E, Robustelli della Cuna FS

Plants (Basel)

10-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054457
doi:	10.3390/plants13081064
PMID:	38674473

How Effective Is Environmental Protection for Ensuring the Vitality of Wild Orchid Species? A Case Study of a Protected Area in Italy

Scramoncin L, Gerdol R, Brancaleoni L

Plants (Basel)

23-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10935256
doi:	10.3390/plants13050610
PMID:	38475457

Diversity of Mycorrhizal Fungi in Temperate Orchid Species: Comparison of Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods

Mennicken S, de Paula CC, Vogt-Schilb H, Jersáková J

J Fungi (Basel)

23-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890429
doi:	10.3390/jof10020092
PMID:	38392764

The complete chloroplast genome of Goodyera yunnanensis Schltr.

Zhu H, Huang G, Wang X, Chen H, Li P, Zhang J, Peng J, Hu M

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

19-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10776080
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2292149
PMID:	38196798

Trait analysis in a population of the Greater Butterfly-orchid observed through a 16-year period

Bateman RM, Stott KM, Pearce DF

Front Plant Sci

08-Aug-2023

PMCID:	PMC10442717
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1213250
PMID:	37615028

Predicted Membrane-Associated Domains in Proteins Encoded by Novel Monopartite Plant RNA Viruses Related to Members of the Family Benyviridae

Morozov SY, Lezzhov AA, Solovyev AG

Int J Mol Sci

29-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10418960
doi:	10.3390/ijms241512161
PMID:	37569537

Identification of RNA Virus–Derived RdRp Sequences in Publicly Available Transcriptomic Data Sets

Olendraite I, Brown K, Firth AE

Mol Biol Evol

04-Apr-2023

PMCID:	PMC10101049
doi:	10.1093/molbev/msad060
PMID:	37014783

Variability in Nutrient Use by Orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi in Two Medium Types

Novotná A, Mennicken S, de Paula CC, Vogt-Schilb H, Kotilínek M, Těšitelová T, Šmilauer P, Jersáková J

J Fungi (Basel)

06-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9865426
doi:	10.3390/jof9010088
PMID:	36675907

Traditional, Therapeutic Uses and Phytochemistry of Terrestrial European Orchids and Implications for Conservation

Bazzicalupo M, Calevo J, Smeriglio A, Cornara L

Plants (Basel)

05-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9863304
doi:	10.3390/plants12020257
PMID:	36678970

Active Compounds with Medicinal Potential Found in Maxillariinae Benth. (Orchidaceae Juss.) Representatives—A Review

Lipińska MM, Haliński ŁP, Gołębiowski M, Kowalkowska AK

Int J Mol Sci

01-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9821772
doi:	10.3390/ijms24010739
PMID:	36614181

Uncovering Plant Virus Species Forming Novel Provisional Taxonomic Units Related to the Family Benyviridae

Solovyev AG, Morozov SY

Viruses

29-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9781952
doi:	10.3390/v14122680
PMID:	36560684

The challenges of growing orchids from seeds for conservation: An assessment of asymbiotic techniques

Jolman D, Batalla MI, Hungerford A, Norwood P, Tait N, Wallace LE

Appl Plant Sci

11-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9575117
doi:	10.1002/aps3.11496
PMID:	36258786

Unlocking the Hidden Genetic Diversity of Varicosaviruses, the Neglected Plant Rhabdoviruses

Bejerman N, Dietzgen RG, Debat H

Pathogens

29-Sep-2022

PMCID:	PMC9608074
doi:	10.3390/pathogens11101127
PMID:	36297184

Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)

Iamonico D

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414419
doi:	10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:	36015425

Low-Input High-Molecular-Weight DNA Extraction for Long-Read Sequencing From Plants of Diverse Families

Russo A, Mayjonade B, Frei D, Potente G, Kellenberger RT, Frachon L, Copetti D, Studer B, Frey JE, Grossniklaus U, Schlüter PM

Front Plant Sci

19-May-2022

PMCID:	PMC9161206
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.883897
PMID:	35665166

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylethyl Alcohol	6054	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CCO	122.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Heptadecane	12398	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	240.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Hexadecane	11006	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	226.44	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Tridecane	12388	Click to see	184.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Olefins / Acyclic olefins / Alkadienes
Trideca-1,3-diene	181592	Click to see CCCCCCCCCC=CC=C	180.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons
1-Tridecene	17095	Click to see	182.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohol esters
Decyl acetate	8167	Click to see	200.32	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Nonyl Acetate	8918	Click to see CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C	186.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
1-Hexanol	8103	Click to see CCCCCCO	102.17	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
1-Octanol	957	Click to see CCCCCCCCO	130.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
2-Decanol	14254	Click to see CCCCCCCCC(C)O	158.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
2-Nonanol	12367	Click to see CCCCCCCC(C)O	144.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Nonan-1-ol	8914	Click to see CCCCCCCCCO	144.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Citronellal	7794	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Geraniol	637566	Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCO)C)C	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
(1R,2S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene	92042749	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Copaene	19725	Click to see CC1=CCC2C3C1C2(CCC3C(C)C)C	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
Norbornane, 2-methyl-3-methylene-2-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-	10534	Click to see	204.35	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Ketones
2-Nonanone	13187	Click to see	142.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5
2-Undecanone	8163	Click to see	170.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81276-5

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Ophrys sphegodes

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top