Crocus chrysanthus
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440284137298264117616 |
| Scientific name | Crocus chrysanthus |
| Authority | Herb. |
| First published in | Edwards's Bot. Reg. 29(Misc.): 83 (1843) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The plant is cultivated primarily for its corms (bulbs) used in horticulture. In the ornamental bulb trade, Crocus chrysanthus corms are sold to gardeners for early‑spring planting, producing dense clumps of bright yellow to orange flowers. The species is also grown on a commercial scale for cut‑flower production; its early‑blooming habit and relatively long stems make it suitable for early‑season floral arrangements. The corms are propagated by division and supplied by horticultural nurseries and bulb companies.
Industrial and craft applications:
The corms serve as the primary propagation material for breeding programs aimed at developing new ornamental cultivars. Selective crossing with other Crocus species, particularly C. sativus and C. vernus, is used to introduce novel flower colors and improved disease resistance. Tissue‑culture techniques are employed for rapid multiplication of selected lines, supporting the commercial nursery sector.
Properties relevant to use:
Crocus chrysanthus tolerates winter temperatures down to −10 °C and initiates flowering in late winter to early spring, allowing cultivation in temperate regions. Its corms store carbohydrates as starch and have a high germination rate, facilitating consistent propagation. The flowers contain carotenoid pigments (β‑carotene and zeaxanthin) that confer a vivid yellow‑orange hue, desirable in the ornamental market. The species shows a relatively short dormancy period, enabling two cycles per year under controlled conditions.
Standards and regulation:
Commercial trade of Crocus chrysanthus corms falls under the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the associated International Phytosanitary Certificate (IPC). In the European Union, the plant is subject to the EU Plant Health Regulation (EU) 2016/2031, which mandates phytosanitary inspection and certification. Cut‑flower shipments are graded according to ISO 11178 (Cut flowers and foliage – Specification and grading) for postharvest quality.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Wild collection of C. chrysanthus is minimal; the industry relies almost exclusively on cultivated corms produced under integrated pest‑management regimes. Sustainable practices include rotating planting sites, using organic amendments, and reducing chemical inputs. Breeding programs prioritize disease resistance and low‑input cultivation, limiting environmental impact and supporting long‑term availability.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Crocus annulatus var. chrysanthus | Herb. | Bot. Mag. 67: t. 3862. 1841 |
| Crocus chrysanthus f. brunellus | Stoj. & Kitan. | Izv. Bulg. Bot. Druzh. 9: 94 1943 |
| Crocus chrysanthus var. albidus | Maw ex Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 5: 111. 1882 |
| Crocus chrysanthus var. caerulescens | Maw ex Boiss. | Fl. Orient. 5: 111. 1882 |
| Crocus chrysanthus var. citrinus | Velen. | Sitzungsber. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. Cl. 39: 26. 1894 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | snow crocus |
| Arabic | زعفران ذهبي |
| Bulgarian | златист шафран |
| Bulgarian | златистоцветен минзухар |
| Czech | šafrán zlatý |
| Welsh | saffrwm euraid |
| German | kleiner krokus |
| Greek | Κρόκος ο χρυσανθής |
| Estonian | kuldõieline krookus |
| Finnish | kultasahrami |
| Icelandic | tryggðakrókus |
| Latvian | zeltziedu krokuss |
| Dutch | botanische krokus |
| Dutch | vroege krokus |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | begerkrokus |
| Punjab | بسنتی کیسر |
| Russian | Шафран золотистый |
| Swedish | bägarkrokus |
| Turkish | sarı çiğdem |
| Ukrainian | Шафран золотистий |
| Chinese | 金黃番紅花 |
| Chinese | 金黄番红花 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Crocus chrysanthus subsp. chrysanthus | Unknown | |
| Crocus chrysanthus subsp. multifolius | Papan. & Zaharof | Bot. Not. 133: 157 (1980) |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Western Asia
- Turkey
-
Western Asia
-
Europe click to expand
-
Middle Europe
- Czechoslovakia
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Romania
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Middle Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000788600 |
| Tropicos | 16600012 |
| INPN | 93215 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:436503-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-327214 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 281067 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 115059 |
| Observations.org | 9236 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 481050 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0000457724 |
| IPNI | 436503-1 |
| iNaturalist | 125348 |
| GBIF | 2747489 |
| Freebase | /m/05syg1s |
| EPPO | CVOCH |
| EOL | 5868609 |
| Elurikkus | 295145 |
| USDA GRIN | 12252 |
| Wikipedia | Crocus_chrysanthus |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 154497197 | Click to see | 625.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00625-0 |
| (2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-2-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol | 163185482 | Click to see | 611.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00625-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-7-O-Glycosides | |||||
| 3-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(2-carboxyacetyl)oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)chromenylium-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163190332 | Click to see | 827.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00625-0 |
| 3-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[(2-carboxyacetyl)oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxychromenylium-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163191023 | Click to see | 813.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(97)00625-0 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Dactylin | 5901757 | Click to see | 640.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| Isorhamnetin 3,4'-diglucoside | 11802256 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O | 640.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 101036573 | Click to see | 798.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| [(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 163188763 | Click to see | 798.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| [6-[3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate | 162917642 | Click to see | 798.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 101036569 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 101036572 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 101036570 | Click to see | 788.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 163195096 | Click to see | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 162975478 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00109-0 |
| 3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 162847914 | Click to see | 788.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00109-0 |
| 3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 163038951 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00109-0 |
| 3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 163186507 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163189783 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)CC(=O)O)O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 842.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 101036571 | Click to see | 842.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxymethoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 163041345 | Click to see | 872.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00109-0 |
| 3-[[6-[3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-7-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3-oxopropanoic acid | 162885510 | Click to see | 842.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 74978226 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 772.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 74978107 | Click to see | 756.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 74978311 | Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2=C(OC3=CC(=CC(=C3C2=O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 788.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| 3,5-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one | 14282776 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| Apigenin 7-O-glucoside | 5280704 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| Npc85473 | 5385553 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
| Plantaginin | 5320623 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1515/ZNC-1984-1-204 |
| Sinensin | 10456395 | Click to see | 450.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(98)00738-9 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |