Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Allium neapolitanum is edible. Young leaves, bulbs, and flowers are used raw or cooked in Mediterranean cuisine. As with other Allium, it is typically processed (e.g., chopping or heating) before consumption to reduce irritant compounds. Cooking, pickling, or use as seasoning leverages the characteristic onion–garlic flavor. Material is marketed as an ornamental/edible plant in nurseries.

Wood and fiber:
No documented industrial or craft uses for wood or fibers.

Fragrance and cosmetics:
No documented uses for fragrance or cosmetics.

Industrial and craft applications:
No documented industrial or craft applications.

Colorants and tanning:
No documented use as a dye or tannin source.

Standards and regulation:
Edible plants in many regions are subject to general food-safety rules (e.g., hygienic harvesting, post-harvest sanitation). No species-specific regulatory standards identified.

Sustainability and sourcing:
Commercially available material is primarily sourced from cultivated ornamental production; wild harvesting is uncommon due to the plant’s limited naturalization and ornamental value.

Properties relevant to use:
Flavor and pungency reflect typical Allium sulfur compounds. Chlorophyll content in leaves and flowers enables use as a garnish with green coloration when fresh; color fades with cooking.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Nothoscordum inodorum	(Aiton) G.Nicholson	Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 447 (1885)
Allium album	Santi	Viagg. Montamiata : 352 (1795)
Allium amblyopetalum	Link	Linnaea 9: 139 (1834)
Allium candidissimum	Cav.	Descr. Pl. 2: 446 (1802)
Allium candidum	C.Presl	Fl. Sicul. : 42 (1826)
Allium cowanii	Lindl.	Bot. Reg. 9: t. 758 (1823)
Allium gouanii	G.Don	Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 6: 85 (1827)
Allium inodorum	Aiton	Hort. Kew. 1: 427 (1789)
Allium lacteum	Sm.	Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 226 (1809)
Allium liliflorum	Zeyh.	Cat. Schwetz. : 15 (1818)
Allium neapolitanum var. angustifolium	Täckh. & Drar	Bull. Fac. Sci. Cairo Univ. 30: 80. 1954
Allium sieberianum	Schult. & Schult.f.	Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis 7: 1099 (1830)
Allium subhirsutum	Sieber ex Kunth	Enum. Pl. 4: 441 (1843)
Allium subhirsutum	Delile ex Boiss.	Fl. Orient. 5: 274 (1882)
Allium subhirsutum var. glabrum	Regel	Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 3(2): 211. 1875
Allium sulcatum	DC.	Liliac. 8: t. 482 (1815)
Geboscon inodorum	(Aiton) Thell.	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 11: 71 (1912)
Allium subhirsutum subsp. album	(Santi) Maire & Weiller	Fl. Afrique N. 5: 289. 1958 (1958)
Nothoscordum inodorum	(Aiton) Asch. & Graebn.	Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 3: 167 1905
Nectaroscordum neapolitanum	(Cirillo) Galasso & Banfi	Atti Soc. Ital. Sci. Nat. Mus. Civico Storia Nat. Milano 152(2): 88. 2011 [Nov 2011]
Allium laetum	Pollini	Cat. Piante Orto Veron. : 7 (1812)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	white garlic
Spanish	lagrimas de la magdalena
Spanish	lágrimas de la magdalena
Arabic	ثوم نابولي
Bulgarian	бял чесън
Bulgarian	неаполитански лук
Czech	česnek neapolský
Welsh	garlleg napoli
German	neapolitanischer lauch
French	ail blanc
Hebrew	שום משולש
Russian	лук неаполитанский
Tamil	நாபொலி பூண்டு
Turkish	sarmısak çiçeği
Chinese	那不靳斯韭
Chinese	无味假葱
Chinese	南欧葱
Chinese	纸花葱

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

Suggest a correction or add new data!

Sow at 4°C for 3 weeks, then increase to 20°C.

Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Macaronesia
  - Canary Islands
  - Madeira
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Egypt
  - Libya
  - Morocco

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Western Asia
  - Cyprus
  - East Aegean Islands
  - Lebanon-Syria
  - Palestine
  - Sinai
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Pakistan

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - South Australia
  - Tasmania
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia
- New Zealand
  - New Zealand North
  - New Zealand South

Europe click to expand
- Northern Europe
  - Great Britain
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Greece
  - Italy
  - Kriti
  - Sicilia
  - Turkey-in-Europe
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - Baleares
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Sardegna
  - Spain

Northern America click to expand
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - New York
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Louisiana
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - California

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000756802
UNII	7B2VU4LTA1
Florida Plant Atlas	201
Flora of Alabama	5397
USDA Plants	ALNE3
Tropicos	18401695
INPN	81445
Flora of Italy	6895
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:528470-1
The Plant List	kew-296083
Open Tree Of Life	737251
Observations.org	135369
NCBI Taxonomy	74896
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000031594
Nature Serve	2.138522
IPNI	528470-1
iNaturalist	61475
GBIF	2856348
Freebase	/m/08jwfb
EPPO	ALLNE
EOL	1084743
Calflora (Californian flora)	214
USDA GRIN	2324
Wikipedia	Allium_neapolitanum
CMAUP	NPO4293
PFAF	Allium neapolitanum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A Comparison between Bulgarian Tanacetum parthenium Essential Oil from Two Different Locations

Lechkova B, Benbassat N, Karcheva-Bahchevanska D, Ivanov K, Peychev L, Peychev Z, Dyankov S, Georgieva-Dimova Y, Kraev K, Ivanova S

Molecules

25-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11085318
doi:	10.3390/molecules29091969
PMID:	38731460

Wild Edible Plants of Andalusia: Traditional Uses and Potential of Eating Wild in a Highly Diverse Region

Benítez G, Molero-Mesa J, González-Tejero MR

Plants (Basel)

07-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10051205
doi:	10.3390/plants12061218
PMID:	36986907

In situ occurrence and protection of crop wild relatives in Italian sites of natura 2000 network: Insights from a data-driven approach

Raggi L, Zucchini C, Gigante D, Negri V

Front Plant Sci

22-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9814127
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2022.1080615
PMID:	36618609

Edible Flowers Used in Some Countries of the Mediterranean Basin: An Ethnobotanical Overview

Motti R, Paura B, Cozzolino A, de Falco B

Plants (Basel)

28-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9736219
doi:	10.3390/plants11233272
PMID:	36501312

Biodiversity in Urban Areas: The Extraordinary Case of Appia Antica Regional Park (Rome, Italy)

Iamonico D

Plants (Basel)

15-Aug-2022

PMCID:	PMC9414419
doi:	10.3390/plants11162122
PMID:	36015425

Medicinal Plants and Zinc: Impact on COVID-19 Pandemic

Jalal Z, Bakour M, Lyoussi B

ScientificWorldJournal

23-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8483924
doi:	10.1155/2021/9632034
PMID:	34602868

Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review

Xu Y, Liang B, Kong C, Sun Z

Biomed Res Int

08-Sep-2021

PMCID:	PMC8448615
doi:	10.1155/2021/9910365
PMID:	34541000

Cheminformatic Characterization of Natural Antimicrobial Products for the Development of New Lead Compounds

Oselusi SO, Christoffels A, Egieyeh SA

Molecules

29-Jun-2021

PMCID:	PMC8271829
doi:	10.3390/molecules26133970
PMID:	34209681

Wild Plants Used as Herbs and Spices in Italy: An Ethnobotanical Review

Motti R

Plants (Basel)

16-Mar-2021

PMCID:	PMC8002413
doi:	10.3390/plants10030563
PMID:	33809800

Naturally-Occurring Alkaloids of Plant Origin as Potential Antimicrobials against Antibiotic-Resistant Infections

Casciaro B, Mangiardi L, Cappiello F, Romeo I, Loffredo MR, Iazzetti A, Calcaterra A, Goggiamani A, Ghirga F, Mangoni ML, Botta B, Quaglio D

Molecules

09-Aug-2020

PMCID:	PMC7466045
doi:	10.3390/molecules25163619
PMID:	32784887

Evaluation of Garlic Landraces from Foggia Province (Puglia Region; Italy)

Bonasia A, Conversa G, Lazzizera C, Loizzo P, Gambacorta G, Elia A

Foods

29-Jun-2020

PMCID:	PMC7404550
doi:	10.3390/foods9070850
PMID:	32610546

Food Identities, Biocultural Knowledge and Gender Differences in the Protected Area “Sierra Grande de Hornachos” (Extremadura, Spain)

Gutiérrez-García L, Labrador-Moreno J, Blanco-Salas J, Monago-Lozano FJ, Ruiz-Téllez T

Int J Environ Res Public Health

28-Mar-2020

PMCID:	PMC7177852
doi:	10.3390/ijerph17072283
PMID:	32231108

A comprehensive dataset on cultivated and spontaneously growing vascular plants in urban gardens

Frey D, Moretti M

Data Brief

23-May-2019

PMCID:	PMC6545399
doi:	10.1016/j.dib.2019.103982
PMID:	31194048

Ethnobotanical uses in the Ancona district (Marche region, Central Italy)

Lucchetti L, Zitti S, Taffetani F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

05-Feb-2019

PMCID:	PMC6364442
doi:	10.1186/s13002-019-0288-1
PMID:	30722788

Analogues of Disulfides from Allium stipitatum Demonstrate Potent Anti-tubercular Activities through Drug Efflux Pump and Biofilm Inhibition

Danquah CA, Kakagianni E, Khondkar P, Maitra A, Rahman M, Evangelopoulos D, McHugh TD, Stapleton P, Malkinson J, Bhakta S, Gibbons S

Sci Rep

18-Jan-2018

PMCID:	PMC5773482
doi:	10.1038/s41598-017-18948-w
PMID:	29348586

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives / Indolonaphthyridine alkaloids
Canthin-6-One	97176	Click to see	220.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1002/PTR.2136
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives
Phenylacetic Acid	999	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)CC(=O)O	136.15	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenanthrenes and derivatives / Hydrophenanthrenes
Sphaeropsidin C	10544575	Click to see	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Long-chain fatty acids
18-Hydroxyoleic acid	5312773	Click to see	298.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols
(5R)-5-[(1R,2Z,4E)-1-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienyl]oxolan-2-one	11665504	Click to see	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S)-5-[(1S,2Z,4E)-1-hydroxyhexa-2,4-dienyl]oxolan-2-one	10631273	Click to see	182.22	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
Arjunglucoside II	52951052	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)C	650.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(3S,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-2-one	14465808	Click to see	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aR,14bS)-3-hydroxy-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picen-2-one	14465806	Click to see	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one	7067822	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-1,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydropicene-2,3-dione	15081673	Click to see CC1C(=O)C(=O)CC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C	440.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2S,4R,4aS,6aS,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bS)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-3-oxo-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-2-yl] acetate	14465799	Click to see CC1C(=O)C(CC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C	484.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cerin	21596125	Click to see CC1C(=O)C(CC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)O	442.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cerin acetate	14465798	Click to see CC1C(=O)C(CC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C	484.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
Friedelin	91472	Click to see	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cholestane steroids / Cholesterols and derivatives
Dihydrocholesterol	6665	Click to see	388.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Lathosterol	65728	Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	386.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Ergostane steroids / Ergosterols and derivatives
Campesterol	173183	Click to see CC(C)C(C)CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C	400.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
(5S,9S,10S,13R,14R)-17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	137706369	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
alpha-Spinasterin	5281331	Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2=CCC4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84605-1
Stigmast-4-en-3-one	5484202	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C	412.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 2-benzopyrans
4-Hydroxymellein, (3S-trans)-	119025905	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C(=CC=C2)O)C(=O)O1)O	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-Methylmellein	14807789	Click to see	192.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
cis-4-Hydroxymellein	10420140	Click to see	194.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
Sphaeropsidin A	51361447	Click to see	346.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sphaeropsidin B	57396736	Click to see CC1(CCCC23C1C(C(C4=CC(CCC42O)(C)C=C)O)(OC3=O)O)C	348.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrans / Pyranones and derivatives / Dihydropyranones
(4aR,6S,8aS)-6-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,8a-dihydro-4aH-pyrano[3,2-b]pyran-2-one	637192	Click to see	196.20	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols
Quercetin	5280343	Click to see	302.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-diacetyloxy-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	10418008	Click to see	824.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3-acetyloxy-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	14162295	Click to see	636.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(Z)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	10439992	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)OC(=O)C=CC6=CC=C(C=C6)O)O)O)O	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
3'',4''-Di-O-acetyl-2'',6''-di-O-p-coumaroylastragalin	10328097	Click to see	824.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Kaempferol 3-(2'',6''-di-(E)-p-coumarylglucoside)	10439991	Click to see	740.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tiliroside	5320686	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-6-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-4-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	162817395	Click to see	800.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	6442291	Click to see	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-((2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxychromen-4-one	51402807	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One	5378597	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5317847	Click to see	434.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	162924861	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	102065508	Click to see	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	102065511	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)OC)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	948.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	102065509	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	163044519	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)CO)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[(2S,3R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	163187083	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)CO)O)O)O)O)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	163105835	Click to see	948.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[3-[3,4-Dihydroxy-6-methyl-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	74978098	Click to see	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	85238264	Click to see	948.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	74978270	Click to see	786.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
5,7-Dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	5462193	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
5,7-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one	163104069	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)CO)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Astragalin	5282102	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Astragaloside	5488387	Click to see	640.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Hyperoside	5281643	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see	464.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Isorhamnetin 3-galactoside	13245586	Click to see	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Isorhamnetin 3-gentiobioside	44259334	Click to see	640.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Isorhamnetin 3-O-glucoside	5318645	Click to see	478.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Kaempferol-3-O-glucorhamnoside	13915496	Click to see	594.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	102065510	Click to see	948.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	14583594	Click to see	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
3-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	73109638	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C6=CC(=C(C=C6)O)OC)COC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	948.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162861893	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	802.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
5-Hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-7-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74978253	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	802.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-7-[(2S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3-[(2S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	44258839	Click to see	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	162983820	Click to see	772.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74978173	Click to see	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
7-[4,5-Dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one	74978022	Click to see	772.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Kaempferol 3-glucoside-7-sophoroside	44258845	Click to see	772.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
Kaempferol 3-O-neohesperidoside 7-O-glucoside	101688812	Click to see	756.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
quercetin-3-O-glucoside-7-O-sophoroside	102065507	Click to see	788.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00663-2
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Complex tannins
(1R,2R,20R,42S,46S)-46-[(2R,3S)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-7,8,9,12,13,14,25,26,27,30,31,32,35,36,37-pentadecahydroxy-3,18,21,41,43-pentaoxanonacyclo[27.13.3.138,42.02,20.05,10.011,16.023,28.033,45.034,39]hexatetraconta-5,7,9,11,13,15,23,25,27,29(45),30,32,34(39),35,37-pentadecaene-4,17,22,40,44-pentone	16167199	Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C4C5C6C(COC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7C8=C(C(=C(C=C8C(=O)O6)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C1=C(C3=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O4)C(=O)O5)O)O)O)O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O)O	1206.90	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Castalagin	12302513	Click to see	934.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Eugeniin	442679	Click to see	938.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
GlyTouCan:G69718UQ	9918701	Click to see	786.60	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Allium neapolitanum

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