Cocos nucifera
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID644032edae845117391981 |
| Scientific name | Cocos nucifera |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 1188 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
Suggest a correction!
Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
In Pacific and South‑Asian coastal communities, the young inflorescence and spathe of Cocos nucifera is commonly prepared as a decoction taken for acute diarrhoea and dysentery; documented for Indonesia and the Philippines in the WHO monographs on medicinal plants (2010), and cited more broadly in the Ayurveda and Siddha pharmacopoeias for diarrhoea and urinary complaints. In Sri Lanka and neighboring regions, fresh young leaf “teas” or weak decoctions—sometimes with a pinch of sugar—have been used to check simple fevers, the practice being explicitly recorded in the Flora of Ceylon, and separately described for wound and sprain management by Morton (1961) in her classic ethnobotanical survey of the species. In parts of southern India and coastal East Africa, the freshly tapped sap or sweet coconut water—prepared by drinking the liquid raw—has been taken as a refreshing beverage and gentle diuretic/urinary aid; the sap’s use is noted by Morton (1961), while the fresh water as a pleasant drink and urinary aid appears in the Ayurveda Pharmacopoeia, and the WHO monographs report the fresh water as widely consumed.
To make a dysentery decoction, take 15–30 g of chopped young inflorescence or spathe with about 500–600 ml water, bring to a boil, reduce to a simmer, and simmer 10–15 minutes. Allow to cool and take about 100–150 ml, two to three times daily for no more than 3–4 days; discontinue if symptoms persist and seek medical care. Traditional use of the leaf poultice for wounds follows Morton's description: crush or bruise several fresh leaves, heat them briefly until warm, and apply as a moist poultice on the affected area, changing 2–3 times daily.
Pharmacologically, the activity aligns with well‑established constituents. The immature endosperm and sap contain sugars and electrolytes, and the spathe, inflorescence, and fiber yield phenolic acids (ferulic, p‑coumaric), flavonoids (vitexin, isovitexin, quercetin derivatives), and saponins, while the oil is rich in lauric and other medium‑chain fatty acids; these phytochemicals are commonly associated with the species in reputable phytochemical surveys such as those summarized in Iwu’s Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, the Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia, and the WHO monographs (2010).
Coconut remains in active use today: lauric acid‑rich oil and fresh coconut water are widely sold, and basic coconut‑based remedies remain common in folk practice across the tropics, while modern research continues to profile the oil’s antimicrobial and metabolic effects and the water’s rehydration properties in controlled trials.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Cocos nucifera yields several recognized industrial and food products: copra (dried kernel), virgin or refined coconut oil expressed from copra or fresh kernel, desiccated coconut and coconut milk/cream as ingredients, coconut water for non-alcoholic beverages, coir (bast fiber) from husks used as mattress batting and rope, coir pith (coir fiber dust) as a growing medium, coconut shell charcoal and activated carbon for filtration, and coconut shell flour for composite fillers.
Industrial and craft applications:
Shell charcoal is processed into granular activated carbon for air and water filtration; ASTM D2862 governs particle size distribution and moisture of granular activated carbons. Activated carbon from coconut shells is preferred for gas-phase applications due to high surface area. Coir fiber is a traditional coarse fiber used for brushes and coarse brushes; ILO/ISO/ASTM do not standardize its mechanical use, but industry specifications exist for rope twist, mat strength, and moisture. Coir geotextiles and erosion-control mats are established; standard testing for soil reinforcement is not widely codified but product specifications reference tensile strength. Coconut shell flour is used as a filler in phenolic and epoxy composites to modify rheology and reduce cost. Coconut water is fermented into vinegar.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Copra-derived refined coconut oil and fresh-kernel virgin oil are used as edible oils for frying and baking; desiccated coconut and coconut milk/cream are bakery and confectionery ingredients. Coconut water is packaged as a beverage; fresh kernels can be processed into flour for gluten-free baking. Fermentation of coconut water produces vinegar. Current good manufacturing practices (cGMPs) for foods apply in the U.S. and equivalent regulations in other jurisdictions; Codex Alimentarius standards such as Codex Stan 210 (named vegetable oils) apply to coconut oil.
Colorants and tanning:
Coconut coir yields brown natural dyes for protein fibers; coconut shell tannins are employed in limited leather tanning mixtures for acid-lime processes.
Wood and fiber:
Trunk wood (coconut timber) is used locally for structural members, flooring, and furniture. The dried husk yields coir fiber and coir pith; the seed coat yields shell charcoal and activated carbon.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
Refined coconut oil is a common cosmetic emollient base and carrier oil; fractionated coconut oil (medium-chain triglycerides) is used to adjust viscosity and spread. All ingredients follow cosmetic safety/regulatory frameworks (EU Cosmetic Regulation, U.S. FDA cosmetics, equivalents).
Properties relevant to use:
Coconut oil is high in saturated fatty acids, typically around 44–53% lauric acid, with low iodine value and high smoke point, enabling frying and baking. Biodiesel from coconut oil has low kinematic viscosity and CN near 60–70; ASTM D975 (diesel), ASTM D6751 (biodiesel), and ISO 8217 (marine fuels) define fuel specifications. Coconut shell activated carbon is valued for high microporosity and surface area; properties and test methods are defined in ASTM D2862 (particle size), D2652 (adsorptivity), and D5838 (moisture). Coir fiber and pith possess moderate lignin content and high moisture regain; fiber diameter and tensile properties are specified by rope/mat buyers.
Standards and regulation:
Coconut oil destined for food must meet edible oil specifications such as Codex Stan 210 and applicable national food laws. Biodiesel derived from coconut oil must meet ASTM D6751 (B100) and D975 blending requirements. Coconut shell activated carbon must meet relevant activated-carbon standards, notably ASTM D2862 (particle size), D2652 (adsorptivity), D5838 (moisture), and D4607 (iodine number). Coconut timber and coir products are traded under national timber and fiber regulations and industry specifications; coir pith is marketed against particle-size and moisture specifications.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Coconut products are harvested from mature palms grown primarily in coastal tropical Asia; the fruit is a single-seeded drupe. Coconut is a smallholder crop with orchard rehabilitation cycles; harvesting provides husks and shells for coir and charcoal valorization. Waste minimization includes using coir pith and shell to improve resource recovery. Seed oil composition and smoke point enable efficient processing, though yields vary by cultivar and agronomy. Certification schemes such as Fairtrade and Rainforest Alliance apply to coconut supply chains and are used by some producers and processors.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Calappa nucifera | (L.) Kuntze | Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 982 (1891) |
| Cocos nucifera var. synphyllica | Becc. | Agric. Colon. 10: 586 (1916) |
| Cocos indica | Royle | Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. : 395 (1840) |
| Cocos mamillaris | Blanco | Fl. Filip. : 722 (1837) |
| Cocos nana | Griff. | Not. Pl. Asiat. 3: 166 (1851) |
| Diplothemium henryanum | F.Br. | Bull. Bernice P. Bishop Mus. 84: 128 (1931) |
| Cocos nucifera var. alangan | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. alba | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. angustifolia | Hassk. | Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. Alt. 66. 1844 |
| Cocos nucifera var. aurea | Anon. | Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 43: 257. 1908 |
| Cocos nucifera var. austera | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. bego | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. buri | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. calimbahin | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. capuliformis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 87. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. cistiformis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 87. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. como | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. crassissima | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. delicata | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. eburnea | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. edulis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. elongata | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. fibrosa | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. fragilis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. humilis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. iners | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. laetevirens | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. lansiformis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. lolog | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. machaeroides | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. macrocarpa | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. maldivica | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. mamillaris | (Blanco) Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. nana | (Griff.) G.V.Narayana | Indian Coconut J. 2: 216. 1949 |
| Cocos nucifera var. ossea | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. pinang | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. pretiosa | Blume | Rumphia 3: 87. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. pruniformis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. pumila | Hassk. | Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 16. 1842 |
| Cocos nucifera var. regia | Blume | Rumphia 3: 87. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. rubescens | Hassk. | Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 18. 1842 |
| Cocos nucifera var. rutila | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. saccharina | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. sapida | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. spicata | K.C.Jacob | J. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 41: 906. 1940 |
| Cocos nucifera var. stupposa | Blume | Rumphia 3: 88. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. suavis | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. subamara | Blume | Rumphia 3: 86. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. subcandida | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. tabogog | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. tamisan | Blume | Rumphia 3: 85. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. tenuissima | Blume | Rumphia 3: 84. 1847 |
| Cocos nucifera var. viridis | Hassk. | Flora 25(2, Beibl. 1): 16. 1842 |
| Palma cocos | Mill. | Gard. Dict., ed. 8. : n.° 2 (1768) |
| Cocos nucifera var. microcarpa | Hassk. ex F.W.T.Hunger | Cocos nucifera Handb. Kennis Cocos-palm Ned.-Ind. , ed. 2: 46 (1916) |
| Cocos nucifera var. javanica | G.V.Narayana | Indian Coconut J. 2: 216 (1949) |
| Cocos nucifera f. palmyrensis | Becc. | Bull. Coll. Hawaii Publ. 4: 44 (1916) |
| Cocos nucifera var. palmyrensis | (Becc.) Becc. | Agric. Colon. 10: 588 (1916) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | coconut |
| English | coconut palm |
| English | coconut tree |
| English | cocoanut |
| Spanish | cocotero |
| ace | u |
| Afrikaans | kokospalm |
| Akan | kube |
| Amharic | ኮኮነት ዘምባባ |
| Arabic | فارسی |
| Arabic | شجرة جوز الهند |
| Arabic | جوز الهند |
| Arabic | نارجيل |
| Azerbaijani | kokos palması |
| azb | نارگیل |
| ban | nyuh |
| bcl | niyog |
| Belarusian | Какосавая пальма |
| Bulgarian | кокосова палма |
| bho | नारियल |
| bi | kokonas |
| bjn | nyiur |
| Bengali | নারিকেল |
| Tibetan | བེ་ཏ། |
| br | gwez koko |
| Catalan | cocoter |
| cdo | ià-cī |
| crh | İndistan cevizi |
| Czech | kokosovník ořechoplodý |
| cv | Кокос пальми |
| Welsh | cneuen coco |
| Welsh | cnau coco |
| Danish | kokos |
| Danish | kokospalme |
| dag | kpakpa |
| German | kokospalme |
| dtp | piasau |
| dv | ކުރުނބާ |
| Ewe | néti |
| Greek | Κοκοφοίνικας |
| Esperanto | kokoso |
| Estonian | kookospalm |
| Basque | kokondo |
| Persian | نارگیل |
| Finnish | kookospalmu |
| fj | niu |
| French | cocotier |
| frr | kokospualem |
| fy | kokospalm |
| Irish | cnó cócó |
| Irish | pailm cnó cócó |
| Galician | coco |
| gn | mbokaja'a |
| gor | bongo |
| Gujarati | નારિયેળ |
| Gujarati | નાળિયેર |
| Gujarati | શ્રીફળ |
| guc | koko |
| Manx | cro bainney |
| Hausa | attagara |
| hak | yâ-è |
| Hawaiian | niu |
| Hawaiian | ololani |
| Hebrew | קוקוס |
| Hindi | नारियल |
| hil | niyúg |
| Croatian | kokosova palma |
| Upper Sorbian | kokosowa palma |
| ht | kokoye |
| Hungarian | kókuszpálma |
| Armenian | կոկոսյան արմավենի |
| hyw | Հնդկընկոյզ |
| ia | palma de coco |
| iba | nyiur |
| Indonesian | kelapa |
| Indonesian | pohon kelapa |
| Igbo | coconut palm |
| Igbo | coconut tree |
| Igbo | coconut |
| Igbo | cocoanut |
| io | kokoso |
| Icelandic | kókoshneta |
| Italian | palma da cocco |
| Japanese | ココナッツ |
| Japanese | ココ椰子 |
| Japanese | 古々椰子 |
| Japanese | ココヤシ |
| jv | krambil |
| jv | kambil |
| jv | nyir |
| jv | wit kambil |
| Georgian | ქოქოსი |
| kcg | kwakwa |
| kge | nyiwi |
| Kazakh | Кокос пальмасы |
| Khmer | ដើមដូង |
| Kannada | ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ ಮರ |
| Kannada | ತೆಂಗಿನಕಾಯಿ |
| Korean | 코코야자 |
| ks | خوٗپرٕ |
| ku | gûza hindê |
| lb | kokosnoss |
| lbe | Гьиндусттан гьивхь |
| li | kokespaum |
| ln | kokotí |
| lo | ນາລິກາ |
| Lithuanian | riešutinė kokospalmė |
| Latvian | kokospalma |
| lzh | 楈枒 |
| mad | nyèor |
| mai | नारियल |
| Malagasy | voaniho |
| mi | niu |
| mi | kokonati |
| min | karambia |
| Macedonian | Кокосова палма |
| Macedonian | кокос |
| Macedonian | кокосово дрво |
| Malayalam | തെങ്ങ് |
| Malayalam | കേരം |
| mn | Далдуу мод |
| mni | ꯌꯨꯕꯤ |
| Marathi | नारळ |
| Marathi | rk plants |
| Malay | pokok kelapa |
| Malay | nyiur |
| Malay | pokok nyiur |
| Malay | kelapa |
| mt | kokonat |
| mwl | coco |
| Burmese | အုန်းပင် |
| Burmese | အုန်းသီး |
| nan | iâ-á |
| nan | iâ-chí |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kokosnøtt |
| Norwegian Bokmål | kokospalme |
| Nepali | नरिवल |
| nia | ohi |
| Dutch | kokospalm |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | kokospalme |
| nv | mágí bichʼiyąʼ |
| Oriya | ନଡ଼ିଆ |
| os | Кокоспальмæ |
| Punjabi | ਨਾਰੀਅਲ |
| pam | buku |
| pap | palu di koko |
| pcm | kokonut |
| Polish | palma kokosowa |
| Polish | kokos właściwy |
| Punjab | ناریل |
| Pashto | ناريال |
| Portuguese | coqueiro |
| Quechua | pikwayu |
| Romanian | cocotier |
| Russian | Кокосовая пальма |
| Russian | кокос |
| sa | नारिकेलम् |
| sat | ᱱᱩᱲᱤᱭᱟᱹ |
| sat | ᱱᱟ.ᱨᱠᱟ.ᱞ |
| sat | ᱱᱚᱰᱤᱭᱟ |
| sat | ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ |
| sat | ᱱᱟᱨᱠᱚᱲ |
| sco | coconut |
| sd | ناريل |
| Serbo-Croatian | kokosova palma |
| Sinhala | පොල් |
| Slovak | kokosovník |
| Slovenian | kokosova palma |
| Slovenian | navadna kokosova palma |
| Somali | qumbe |
| Albanian | kokos |
| Albanian | arra e kokosit |
| Serbian | Кокосова палма |
| su | kalapa |
| Swedish | kokosnöt |
| Swedish | kokospalm |
| Swahili | mnazi (mti) |
| Swahili | mnazi |
| syl | ꠘꠣꠁꠞꠟ |
| syl | ꠘꠣꠁꠇꠟ |
| syl | ꠇꠧꠇꠧꠍ |
| szy | abinung |
| Tamil | தேங்காய் |
| tcy | ತಾರೆದಮರೊ |
| tdd | ᥛᥣᥐᥱ ᥟᥧᥢ |
| Telugu | కొబ్బరి చెట్టు |
| Telugu | కొబ్బరి |
| tet | nuu-hun |
| tet | nuu |
| Thai | มะพร้าว |
| tk | kokos palmasy |
| Tonga | niu |
| tpi | kokonas |
| Turkish | hindistan cevizi |
| Turkish | narcıl |
| tt | һинд чикләвеге |
| tw | kube |
| ty | niu |
| Ukrainian | кокосова пальма |
| Urdu | ناریل |
| Uzbek | kokos |
| Vietnamese | dừa |
| war | lubí |
| wo | kokko |
| yi | קאקאס |
| Yoruba | agbon |
| Chinese | 椰子油 |
| Chinese | 椰子 |
| Chinese | 可可椰子 |
| Chinese | 奶桃 |
| Chinese | 椰子（椰树） |
| Chinese | 椰子壳 |
| Chinese | 椰子根 |
| Chinese | 椰子浆 |
| Chinese | 椰子瓤 |
| Chinese | 椰根 |
| Chinese | 椰子树 |
| Chinese | 椰子樹 |
| Zulu | umqhekezani |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
-
East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
-
Middle Atlantic Ocean
- Ascension
-
South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Mozambique
-
West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Togo
-
West-central Tropical Africa
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Zaïre
-
Western Indian Ocean
- Chagos Archipelago
- Comoros
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
- Mozambique Channel Islands
- Réunion
- Seychelles
-
East Tropical Africa
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
-
Eastern Asia
- Ogasawara-Shoto
- Taiwan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- India
- Laccadive Islands
- Maldives
- Sri Lanka
-
Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Myanmar
- Nicobar Nicobar
- South China Sea
- Thailand
- Vietnam
-
Malesia
- Borneo
- Christmas Island
- Cocos (keeling) Islands
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
- Sumatera
-
Papuasia
- Bismarck Archipelago
- New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
-
Australia
- Queensland
-
Australia
-
Northern America click to expand
-
Mexico
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
-
Southeastern U.S.A.
- Florida
- Georgia
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
-
Mexico
-
Pacific click to expand
-
North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
-
Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
- Marcus Island
- Marianas
- Marshall Islands
-
South-central Pacific
- Cook Islands
- Easter Island
- Line Islands
- Marquesas
- Society Islands
- Tuamotu
- Tubuai Islands
-
Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
- Gilbert Islands
- Nauru
- New Caledonia
- Niue
- Phoenix Islands
- Samoa
- Santa Cruz Island
- Tokelau-manihiki
- Tonga
- Tuvalu
- Vanuatu
- Wallis-Futuna Islands
-
North-central Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil Southeast
-
Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Southwest Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
-
Central America
- Belize
- Central American Pacific
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
-
Northern South America
- Venezuela
-
Southern South America
- Chile North
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000903570 |
| UNII | 245J88W96L |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 1490 |
| USDA Plants | CONU |
| Tropicos | 2400007 |
| INPN | 447749 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:666160-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-44645 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 276638 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 366250 |
| Observations.org | 212597 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 13894 |
| NBN Atlas | NHMSYS0021195907 |
| Nature Serve | 2.129224 |
| IPNI | 666160-1 |
| iNaturalist | 48865 |
| GBIF | 2735117 |
| Freebase | /m/0djtd |
| EPPO | CCNNU |
| EOL | 1091712 |
| Elurikkus | 209725 |
| US Library of Congress | sh85027629 |
| USDA GRIN | 11043 |
| Wikipedia | Coconut_tree |
| CMAUP | NPO6108 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
Below is displayed the reference genome only!
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
If you wish to browse all genomes for this plant click here.
| Accession | Assembly | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | Submitter | Released | Coverage | Size | |
| GCA_003604295.2 | Cnuc_CPCRI_v2 | Chromosome | CPCRI | 2024-08-28 | 85 | 2.50 Gb |
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Alkaloids and derivatives / Proaporphines | |||||
| Mecambrine | 121336 | Click to see CN1CCC2=CC3=C(C4=C2C1CC45C=CC(=O)C=C5)OCO3 | 295.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Medium-chain fatty acids | |||||
| (114C)hexanoic acid | 10419159 | Click to see | 118.15 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Capric Acid | 2969 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCC(=O)O | 172.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Hexanoic Acid | 8892 | Click to see | 116.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lauric Acid | 3893 | Click to see | 200.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Octanoic Acid | 379 | Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)O | 144.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sodium octanoate | 23664772 | Click to see CCCCCCCC(=O)[O-].[Na+] | 166.19 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols | |||||
| 3-Octanol | 11527 | Click to see | 130.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids | |||||
| 2-Methyl-3-(3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-decahydronaphthalene-1,4-diolate | 45357188 | Click to see | 462.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-9-methoxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene | 15226333 | Click to see | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| 9-Methoxy-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysene | 73189503 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)OC)C)C | 440.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives | |||||
| (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-5,6-dimethylhept-6-en-2-yl]-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 162883155 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(2R)-5,5-dimethyl-6-methylideneoctan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 163044228 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| (1S,3R,6S,8R,11S,12S,15R,16R)-15-[(2R)-6,6-dimethyl-5-methylideneoctan-2-yl]-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 102003023 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| 15-(5-Ethyl-5,6-dimethylhept-6-en-2-yl)-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 162883154 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| 15-(5,5-Dimethyl-6-methylideneoctan-2-yl)-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 163044227 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| 15-(6,6-Dimethyl-5-methylideneoctan-2-yl)-6-methoxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecane | 162885376 | Click to see | 482.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/14786410902809229 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Estrane steroids / Estrogens and derivatives | |||||
| (9beta)-3-Hydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one | 11869537 | Click to see | 270.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,10S,13R)-17-[(E,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol | 11968950 | Click to see | 574.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-[(E,2R)-5-propan-2-ylhept-5-en-2-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol | 16061350 | Click to see | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(1R,4R)-4-ethyl-1,5-dimethyl-hexyl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-3,4,5-trihydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-yl]methyl heptadecanoate | 15959352 | Click to see | 829.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc196776 | 50930798 | Click to see | 410.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Vitamin D and derivatives | |||||
| Npc58258 | 44630173 | Click to see | 396.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Nucleosides, nucleotides, and analogues / Purine nucleosides | |||||
| Kinetin riboside | 20345 | Click to see C1=COC(=C1)CNC2=C3C(=NC=N2)N(C=N3)C4C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O | 347.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2005.09.026 |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Aspartic acid and derivatives | |||||
| D-Aspartic Acid | 83887 | Click to see | 133.10 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(86)90092-X |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Leucine and derivatives | |||||
| Leucine | 6106 | Click to see CC(C)CC(C(=O)O)N | 131.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(86)90092-X |
| > Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Amino acids and derivatives / Beta amino acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3-[[(2R)-2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoyl]amino]propanoate | 167945 | Click to see CC(C)(CO)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)[O-])O | 218.23 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Secondary alcohols / Cyclohexanols | |||||
| An inositol | 892 | Click to see | 180.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Monosaccharides / Heptoses | |||||
| Sedoheptulose | 5459879 | Click to see C(C(C(C(C(C(=O)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 210.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Sugar alcohols | |||||
| Galactitol | 11850 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13790.X |
| Hexitol | 453 | Click to see C(C(C(C(C(CO)O)O)O)O)O | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13790.X |
| L-Iditol | 5460044 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Mannitol | 6251 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13790.X |
| Sorbitol | 5780 | Click to see | 182.17 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1365-2621.1985.TB13790.X |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Aldehydes / Medium-chain aldehydes | |||||
| Dodecanal | 8194 | Click to see | 184.32 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Nonanal | 31289 | Click to see CCCCCCCCC=O | 142.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Imidazopyrimidines / Purines and purine derivatives / 6-aminopurines / 6-alkylaminopurines | |||||
| Kinetin | 3830 | Click to see | 215.21 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JCHROMB.2005.09.026 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones | |||||
| Gamma-nonalactone | 7710 | Click to see CCCCCC1CCC(=O)O1 | 156.22 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones / Flavonols | |||||
| Kaempferol | 5280863 | Click to see | 286.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one | 122173234 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Astragalin | 5282102 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |