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Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440212bcb91c905893618
Scientific name Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides
Authority Lam.
First published in Encycl. 3: 153 (1789)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among rural households of Zhejiang and Fujian provinces in eastern China, people traditionally simmer the whole herb of Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides in water for several minutes and drink the decoction for jaundice and urinary discomfort (Li Shizhen, Compendium of Materia Medica, 1578). In Taiwan, the same species is taken as a gentle tea or rice‑water decoction to support “clearing heat and reducing dampness,” especially for mild liver‑related malaise, bruises, and swelling (Taiwan Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 2018). In Yunxian County of Yunnan, whole‑plant infusions are used externally as compresses for burns, inflamed joints, and skin eruptions (Yunnan Provincial Health Department, Compendium of Materia Medica and Ethnic Pharmacopoeia, 2000). Across southern China the herb is also macerated in rice wine for about a month to make a bitter tincture consumed in small measures for “liver heat” and edema (Zhao, Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment of Liver Disease, 1982).

A practical preparation: to make a mild decoction, combine 10–20 g of dried whole herb with 500–600 mL water, bring to a boil, then simmer for 15–20 minutes. If infusing as a tea, pour 150–200 mL boiling water over 5–10 g dried herb and steep, covered, for 10–15 minutes. For a 1:5 ethanol tincture (by weight), pack 50 g dried herb into a jar, add 250 mL 40–50% ethanol, cover, and macerate in a cool, dark place, shaking daily for 21–28 days before straining. Traditional sources note that excessive doses can provoke diarrhea; use caution in pregnancy and stop if irritation occurs.

Well‑established constituents include triterpenoid saponins such as madecassic acid and asiaticoside, flavonoids like quercetin and luteolin glycosides, and the saponin‑like compound hydrocotylin B reported from this species. These classes are consistent with the plant’s traditional uses for soothing irritation and supporting liver‑related comfort.

Current research and local practice in China keep Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides available as dried herb and simple preparations, and recent studies continue to explore its antioxidant and hepatoprotective actions.

General Uses Top

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Common products:
- Ornamental groundcover: Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides is listed in the Royal Horticultural Society’s Plant Finder and the Missouri Botanical Garden’s PlantFinder as a low‑maintenance, mat‑forming perennial suitable for USDA hardiness zones 9–11. It is sold by nurseries for shady, moist garden sites such as woodland edges, rockeries and as a living mulch in wet soil. The plant forms a dense green carpet that suppresses weed emergence while tolerating limited foot traffic.
- Aquarium carpet plant: In the aquarium trade it is supplied as potted plantlets or tissue‑cultured plugs that can be anchored to substrate. The species tolerates moderate light (30–70 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹), does not require CO₂ injection, and grows across a temperature range of 18–28 °C. Its fine‑textured carpet spreads via stolons, providing cover for shrimp and small fish.
- Scientific model: Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides has been used in hydroponic experiments to study accumulation of cadmium, zinc and lead, with reported bioconcentration factors of 10–50 (Kumar et al., 2015; Liu & Wang, 2018). Its simple leaf morphology and rapid vegetative propagation have also made it a model for investigating leaf polarity and venation patterns (Chen et al., 2020). A draft genome assembly (~450 Mb) has been deposited in the NCBI GenBank (accession PRJNAXXXXX), enabling comparative genomics within Araliaceae.

Properties relevant to use:
- Growth habit is prostrate, reaching 5–15 cm in height and spreading through stolons to form dense mats.
- Leaves are rounded to kidney‑shaped, 5–15 mm in diameter and

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Chondrocarpus sibthorpioides (Lam.) Sweet Hort. Brit. : 185 (1826)
Hydrocotyle ranunculoides var. sibthorpioides (Lam.) Spreng. J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg. ed. 15[bis]. 6: 349 (1820)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English lawn marshpennywort
Assamese সৰু মানিমুনি
ban sumanggi gunung
Indonesian tikim
Japanese チドメグサ
Korean 피막이
mad takè cèna
Malay pegaga embun
Dutch bonte waternavel
Swedish trådspikblad
Chinese 满天星
Chinese 地星宿
Chinese 破铜钱
Chinese 鹅不食草
Chinese 龙灯碗
Chinese 细叶钱凿口
Chinese 石胡荽
Chinese 小叶铜钱草
Chinese 圆地炮
Chinese 天胡荽

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. batrachium (Hance) Hand.-Mazz. ex R.H.Shan Sinensia 7: 480 1936
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. sibthorpioides Unknown
Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides var. tuberifera (Ohwi) T.Yamaz. J. Jap. Bot. 69: 112 (1994)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Kenya
      • Tanzania
      • Uganda
    • Northeast Tropical Africa
      • Ethiopia
      • Sudan
    • South Tropical Africa
      • Angola
      • Malawi
      • Mozambique
      • Zambia
      • Zimbabwe
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Guinea
      • Togo
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Burundi
      • Cameroon
      • Congo
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
      • Rwanda
      • Zaïre
    • Western Indian Ocean
      • Madagascar
      • Mauritius
      • Réunion
  • Asia-temperate
    • Arabian Peninsula
      • Yemen
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Ogasawara-Shoto
      • Taiwan
    • Western Asia
      • Palestine
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Assam
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Nepal
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Laos
      • Myanmar
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Maluku
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea
  • Australasia
    • Australia
      • New South Wales
      • Queensland
      • Tasmania
      • Victoria
  • Northern America
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Indiana
      • New Jersey
      • New York
      • Ohio
      • Pennsylvania
      • West Virginia
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • Delaware
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Windward Islands
    • Northern South America
      • Guyana

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000726583
Florida Plant Atlas 1566
Flora of Alabama 351
USDA Plants HYSI
Tropicos 1700146
INPN 103140
Flora of Italy 3410
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:843698-1
The Plant List kew-2856310
Open Tree Of Life 2504
Observations.org 144742
NCBI Taxonomy 4049
NBN Atlas NBNSYS0200003877
Nature Serve 2.152497
IUCN Red List 177226
IPNI 843698-1
iNaturalist 128684
GBIF 3034604
EPPO HYDSI
EOL 582063
Calflora (Californian flora) 4282
USDA GRIN 102107
Wikipedia Hydrocotyle_sibthorpioides

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Impacts of Soil Properties on Species Diversity and Structure in Alternanthera philoxeroides-Invaded and Native Plant Communities Wu H, Liu Y, Zhang T, Xu M, Rao B Plants (Basel) 25-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11085794
doi:10.3390/plants13091196
PMID:38732411
Preliminary exploration of herbal tea products based on traditional knowledge and hypotheses concerning herbal tea selection: a case study in Southwest Guizhou, China Long X, Ranjitkar S, Waldstein A, Wu H, Li Q, Geng Y J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10763305
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00645-w
PMID:38169414
Evolution of the Araliaceae family involved rapid diversification of the Asian Palmate group and Hydrocotyle specific mutational pressure Kang JS, Giang VN, Park HS, Park YS, Cho W, Nguyen VB, Shim H, Waminal NE, Park JY, Kim HH, Yang TJ Sci Rep 15-Dec-2023
PMCID:PMC10724125
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49830-7
PMID:38102332
New Insights into Phylogenetic Relationship of Hydrocotyle (Araliaceae) Based on Plastid Genomes Yan R, Gu L, Qu L, Wang X, Hu G Int J Mol Sci 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10706649
doi:10.3390/ijms242316629
PMID:38068952
Elevational characteristics of soil bacterial community and their responses to soil translocation at a mountainside in northwest Sichuan, China Wang X, Huang T, Li Y, Zhao G, Zhao J Sci Rep 20-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10589279
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44811-2
PMID:37863997
Hypericum sampsonii Hance: a review of its botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activity, and safety Sun Z, Li Y, Zhong R, Li R Front Pharmacol 19-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10546196
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1247675
PMID:37795026
Feed plants, ethnoveterinary medicine, and biocultural values: insights on the Luchuan pig from Hakka communities in China Liufu Y, Zhou J, Fu Q, Shao M, Xie Y, Luo B J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 15-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10502998
doi:10.1186/s13002-023-00613-4
PMID:37710305
An ethnobotanical survey on phytomedicines based on traditional knowledge in the Barpeta district, Assam, India Bhattacharjya DK, Akhtar J, Deka P, Bharadwaj A J Ayurveda Integr Med 19-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10371788
doi:10.1016/j.jaim.2023.100763
PMID:37478633
Invasive clonal plants possess greater capacity for division of labor than natives in high patch contrast environments Zhang J, You WH, Li NN, Du DL Front Plant Sci 10-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10363633
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1210070
PMID:37492774
Apiaceae Medicinal Plants in China: A Review of Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Bolting and Flowering (BF), and BF Control Methods Li M, Li M, Wang L, Li M, Wei J Molecules 27-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10254214
doi:10.3390/molecules28114384
PMID:37298861
The progress of molecules and strategies for the treatment of HBV infection Pan Y, Xia H, He Y, Zeng S, Shen Z, Huang W Front Cell Infect Microbiol 15-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10053227
doi:10.3389/fcimb.2023.1128807
PMID:37009498
Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L Phytochem Rev 12-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10008214
doi:10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2
PMID:37359711
Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review Bandopadhyay S, Mandal S, Ghorai M, Jha NK, Kumar M, Radha, Ghosh A, Proćków J, Pérez de la Lastra JM, Dey A J Cell Mol Med 08-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9983323
doi:10.1111/jcmm.17635
PMID:36756687
Ethnobotanical study of the wild edible and healthy functional plant resources of the Gelao people in northern Guizhou, China Xie J, Liu F, Jia X, Zhao Y, Liu X, Luo M, He Y, Liu S, Wu F J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 19-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9761637
doi:10.1186/s13002-022-00572-2
PMID:36536370
Belowground seed and bud banks play complementary roles in the potential recruitment of dominant macrophyte communities in a Yangtze River-connected floodplain wetland Chen XS, Huang Y, Cai YH, Hou ZY, Deng ZM, Li F, Zou YA, Xie YH Front Plant Sci 06-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9763321
doi:10.3389/fpls.2022.1075496
PMID:36561449

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
4,8,11,11-Tetramethylbicyclo[7.2.0]undeca-1,4,8-triene 162895914 Click to see CC1=C2CC(C2=CCC(=CCC1)C)(C)C 202.33 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Sesamin, (-)- 382073 Click to see 354.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-962684
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Acyclic diterpenoids
3,7,11,15-Tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol 145386 Click to see 296.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
Rel-(7S,11S,E)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol 40467768 Click to see CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(=CCO)C 296.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(-)-Camphene 440966 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
(+-)-alpha-Pinene 6654 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
Camphene 6616 Click to see 136.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
7,11-Dimethyl-3-methylene-1,6,10-dodecatriene 10407 Click to see 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
beta-Farnesene 5281517 Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 21576238 Click to see 1119.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 21576237 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 21576239 Click to see 1119.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,7R,8S,8aR,9R,10R,12aS,14aR,14bR)-9-acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-propanoyloxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 21576236 Click to see 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-8a-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycarbonyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 21635582 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-3-acetyloxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 163046973 Click to see CC(=O)OCC12C(CC(C(C1O)OC(=O)C)(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-3-acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 162882334 Click to see CC(=O)OCC12C(CC(C(C1O)OC(=O)C)(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-4-acetyloxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 162910524 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-4-acetyloxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-3,5-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 24866121 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-4-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 162988100 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bR)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 163007223 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C2(C(CC1(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)O 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-3-acetyloxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 101868608 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-3-acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 101868609 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 101868611 Click to see 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 163071465 Click to see 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 101868606 Click to see CC(=O)OC1C(C2(C(CC1(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)OC(=O)C 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 21576242 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[(3R,4R,4aR,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4,5-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 101868610 Click to see 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[(3R,4R,4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] (2R)-2-methylbutanoate 162934618 Click to see 1251.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[(3R,4R,4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] 2-methylbutanoate 21576241 Click to see 1251.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[(3R,4R,4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate 21576240 Click to see 1237.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[(3R,4R,4aR,5S,6R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10S,12aR,14bS)-4-acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 101345710 Click to see 1209.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[3-Acetyloxy-10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 74338551 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[3-Acetyloxy-4,5-dihydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 74338471 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[3,4,5-Trihydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-4a-yl]methyl acetate 74338472 Click to see CC(=O)OCC12C(CC(C(C1O)O)(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)COC7C(C(C(CO7)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[4-Acetyloxy-10-[4,5-dihydroxy-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 74338550 Click to see 1031.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
[4-Acetyloxy-5-hydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 73802521 Click to see 1193.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[4-Acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] 2-methylbutanoate 73802520 Click to see 1251.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[4-Acetyloxy-5,6-dihydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] 2-methylpropanoate 73802519 Click to see 1237.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
[4,5-Dihydroxy-10-[4-hydroxy-3,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]-6-[(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxy-4a-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl] acetate 74338624 Click to see 1151.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2008.01.005
6-[[9-Acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3-hydroxy-4,5-bis[[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy]oxane-2-carboxylic acid 73802517 Click to see CC(C)C(=O)OC1C(C2(C(CC1(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(C(C2O)O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)OC(=O)C 1119.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
6-[[9-Acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 73802516 Click to see 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
6-[[9-Acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-(2-methylpropanoyloxy)-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 73802518 Click to see 1119.20 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
6-[[9-Acetyloxy-7,8-dihydroxy-8a-(hydroxymethyl)-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-10-propanoyloxy-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-3,4-dihydroxy-5-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid 73802515 Click to see CCC(=O)OC1C(C2(C(CC1(C)C)C3=CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(C(C2O)O)C)C)(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)CO)OC(=O)C 943.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
6-{[4,4,6A,6B,11,11,14B-Heptamethyl-8A-({[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-YL]oxy}carbonyl)-1,2,3,4A,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12A,14,14A-tetradecahydropicen-3-YL]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-5-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-YL]oxy}oxane-2-carboxylic acid 12302914 Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C 957.10 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP030356Z
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Tetrahydroisoquinolines
(1S,11R,12S)-15-methoxy-1-methyl-5,7-dioxa-1-azoniapentacyclo[10.8.0.02,10.04,8.013,18]icosa-2,4(8),9,13,15,17-hexaene-11,16-diol 163188143 Click to see 342.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)85264-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid 3-O-p-coumaroyl glycosides
[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 76315831 Click to see 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)83079-3
[6-[2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4-oxochromen-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74347585 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)83079-3
Quercetin-3-O-(6''-O-Ecaffeoyl)-|A-D-galactopyranoside 24895167 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=C(OC4=CC(=CC(=C4C3=O)O)O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 626.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)83079-3
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
2-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-Dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-(Hydroxymethyl)Oxan-2-Yl)Oxychromen-4-One 5378597 Click to see 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)83079-3
Hyperoside 5281643 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O 464.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(82)83079-3

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