Crithmum maritimum
Table of Contents
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440471048822628890880 |
| Scientific name | Crithmum maritimum |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 246 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Sea fennel (Crithmum maritimum) is used as a flavoring ingredient in Mediterranean cuisine. Branches are used fresh or dried; oil and extracts are used in flavor compositions; and hydrodistilled essential oil is employed in perfumery and as a flavoring agent in small quantities.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
Leaves and stems are consumed pickled, as a garnish, in salads, and as a seasoning in coastal food products. The plant material is used to flavor condiments, marinades, savory spreads, and processed foods. Essential oil is added as a flavoring in beverages and culinary items, where the intensity is adjusted to prevent dominance of herbaceous and mineral notes. No health claims are made for these uses.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
Hydrodistilled essential oil is used in perfumery and flavor–fragrance formulations. Extracts and essential oil are used in a limited capacity in personal-care aroma and as a flavoring agent in non-medicinal cosmetic or personal-care products. The oil is characterized by high γ-terpinene and p-cymene contents, with smaller amounts of sabinene, α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, β-myrcene, limonene, and related monoterpenes; it also contains dillapiole.
Properties relevant to use:
The plant’s raw material and oil exhibit a strong, herbaceous, maritime aroma profile derived from its monoterpene composition; p-cymene and γ-terpinene contribute pungent, resinous notes. The presence of dillapiole increases aromatic complexity. Raw plant material provides salty notes due to in situ salts from its coastal habitat. Essential oil is typically non-water-soluble, and for food uses it is applied at very low levels consistent with flavoring practice.
Standards and regulation:
Use in food and flavor is governed under European Union (EU) flavoring regulations, including decision-making processes of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and EU legal lists for flavoring substances. The plant is listed in the EU as a “traditional food” with a history of use that may affect regulatory treatment as a food or flavoring. If intended for cosmetics or personal care, formulations must comply with relevant EU cosmetic safety rules, and the plant is subject to limits for specific substances in certain markets (e.g., EU Regulation [EU] 2017/776).
Sustainability and sourcing:
Sea fennel is typically wild-collected from coastal habitats in Europe and the Mediterranean. Sustainable practices include selective harvesting of above-ground parts, avoiding root removal, and allowing regeneration cycles to reduce impact on littoral ecosystems and to prevent overharvest in localized areas.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Cachrys maritima | Spreng. | Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin 6: 259 (1812) |
| Crithmum canariense | Cav. | Anales Ci. Nat. 3: 35 (1801) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | rock samphire |
| English | sea fennel |
| English | samphire |
| Spanish | pastinaca marina |
| Spanish | uña de perro |
| Spanish | perjil de mar |
| Spanish | perejil marino |
| Spanish | perejil de mar |
| Spanish | perejil de la isla |
| Spanish | peregil de mar |
| Spanish | peregil de la isla |
| Spanish | pastanaga |
| Spanish | hinojo de mar |
| Spanish | fenoll marí |
| Spanish | fenoll mari |
| Spanish | cresta marina |
| Spanish | hinojo marino |
| Arabic | قرن الأيل |
| Arabic | شمرة بحرية |
| Arabic | قرثمن بحري |
| Arabic | شمرة |
| Bulgarian | морски копър |
| Catalan | fonoll marí |
| Catalan | fenouil marin |
| Catalan | fenoll marí |
| co | bassiccia |
| co | basciccia |
| Czech | motar přímořský |
| Welsh | corn-carw‘r môr |
| German | meerfenchel |
| German | fenouil marin |
| Greek | Κρίταμος |
| Basque | itsas mihilu |
| Basque | itsas-mihilu |
| Persian | کریتمم |
| Finnish | merifenkoli |
| French | criste-marine |
| French | passe-pierre |
| French | crithme maritime |
| French | criste marine |
| French | fenouil marin |
| French | crithme |
| Irish | craobhraic |
| Manx | lus ny greg |
| Hebrew | קריתמון ימי |
| Croatian | motar |
| Croatian | matar |
| Indonesian | adas laut |
| Italian | finocchio marino |
| Italian | finocchio di mare |
| Kazakh | Теңіз аскөгі |
| Cornish | fenoghel mor |
| la | batis |
| Lithuanian | pajūrinis kritmas |
| Lithuanian | fenouil marin |
| Malay | balung bahar |
| mt | bużbież il-baħar |
| Norwegian Bokmål | sanktpeterskjerm |
| Dutch | zeevenkel |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | sanktpeterskjerm |
| Polish | kowniatek nadmorski |
| Portuguese | perrexil-do-mar |
| Portuguese | perrexil do mar |
| Russian | Критмум морской |
| Russian | Критмум приморский |
| Russian | Морской укроп |
| Russian | Критмум |
| Serbo-Croatian | motar |
| Slovak | motar prímorský |
| Slovenian | navadni morski koprc |
| Swedish | strandsilja |
| Swedish | strandsiljor |
| Swedish | fenouil marin |
| Turkish | kaya koruğu |
| Turkish | deniz rezenesi |
| Chinese | 海茴香 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Africa click to expand
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
- Madeira
-
Northern Africa
- Algeria
- Egypt
- Libya
- Morocco
- Tunisia
-
Macaronesia
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
- Transcaucasus
-
Western Asia
- Cyprus
- East Aegean Islands
- Lebanon-Syria
- Palestine
- Turkey
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Krym
-
Middle Europe
- Netherlands
-
Northern Europe
- Great Britain
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Kriti
- Romania
- Sicilia
- Turkey-in-Europe
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- Baleares
- Corse
- France
- Portugal
- Sardegna
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001068458 |
| UNII | J7IHY79BKY |
| Tropicos | 1702306 |
| INPN | 93190 |
| Flora of Italy | 3489 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:840827-1 |
| Plantarium | 12047 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 903082 |
| Observations.org | 2460 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 40916 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003687 |
| IPNI | 840827-1 |
| iNaturalist | 82602 |
| GBIF | 3632234 |
| Freebase | /m/03f9q7 |
| EPPO | CRTMA |
| EOL | 2867559 |
| Elurikkus | 730299 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 13034 |
| USDA GRIN | 402237 |
| Wikipedia | Crithmum |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons | |||||
| Gamma-Terpinene | 7461 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<186::AID-FFJ889>3.0.CO;2-I https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060205 https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-9773 https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730070309 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty alcohols / Long-chain fatty alcohols | |||||
| (3S,8R)-heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyne-3,8-diol | 131954651 | Click to see CCCCCCCC=CC(C#CC#CC(C=C)O)O | 260.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50099A022 |
| (E,R)-Heptadeca-1,9-dien-4,6-diyne-3-ol | 56935896 | Click to see | 244.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50099A022 |
| Crithmumdiol | 131751506 | Click to see | 262.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960853 |
| Falcarindiol | 5281148 | Click to see | 260.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50099A022 |
| Panaxynol | 5281149 | Click to see | 244.37 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50099A022 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Myrcene | 31253 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-9773 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Aromatic monoterpenoids | |||||
| O-Geranylvanillin | 6444289 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=O)OC)C)C | 288.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/NP50099A022 |
| P-Cymene | 7463 | Click to see | 134.22 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-9773 |
| Thymyl methyl ether | 14104 | Click to see | 164.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-9773 https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060205 https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<186::AID-FFJ889>3.0.CO;2-I |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids | |||||
| Sabinene | 18818 | Click to see | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730070309 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids | |||||
| alpha-PHELLANDRENE | 7460 | Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2000-9773 |
| Beta-Phellandrene | 11142 | Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)C=C1 | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<186::AID-FFJ889>3.0.CO;2-I |
| Limonene, (+/-)- | 22311 | Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C | 136.23 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730060205 |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles | |||||
| Dillapiol | 10231 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C(C=C1CC=C)OCO2)OC | 222.24 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1002/FFJ.2730070309 https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1026(200005/06)15:3<186::AID-FFJ889>3.0.CO;2-I |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides | |||||
| Luteolin 7-O-glucoside | 5280637 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)84026-1 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |