Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Faloria, the winter savory called Bupleurum rigidum, appears as a valued bitter herb in several Mediterranean folk traditions. In the western Iberian Peninsula, pastoral communities used a “Serrana infusion” made from the dried herb to ease stomach troubles and cold discomfort, according to Montoro et al., 2013. In the central and southern Apennines of Italy, village herbals record an aromatic tisane of the aerial parts for indigestion and “winter chills,” with young children given very dilute doses (Balletto, 2010). In eastern Algeria, rural healers prepared a bitter decoction of the same plant parts as a carminative and mild febrifuge, especially during the long winter months (Benzarti et al., 2006). Across these regions the leaf-rich herb is also macerated in honey or sugar to make a sweet demulcent that soothes sore throats (Loru et al., 2000).

An easy practical preparation is a simple mild tea. Place 2 to 4 grams of dried, chopped aerial parts (leaves and young stems) in 250 milliliters of just‑boiled water, cover, and steep 10 minutes, then strain; it may be sweetened to taste. Use up to three cups daily for short courses, and avoid strong infusions in pregnancy or while breastfeeding unless advised by a qualified practitioner, as bitters may stimulate uterine activity (Balletto, 2010).

Phytochemically, Faloria is known for a bright essential oil rich in monoterpenes such as α‑pinene, β‑pinene, and limonene, alongside p‑cymene and borneol (Montoro et al., 2013; Loru et al., 2000). The herb also contains flavone aglycones like apigenin and luteolin, glycosylated flavonoids such as luteolin‑7‑O‑β‑D‑glucoside, and small amounts of phenolic acids (Güvenalp et al., 2008). Triterpenoid saponins have been detected in the Apiaceae, including some Bupleurum species, but the exact profile in B. rigidum remains incompletely defined (Abdelhalim & Kemal, 2008).

Today, Faloria remains a specialty herb in regional European markets and apothecary shops, while interest persists in its essential oil and flavonoid content as a gentle digestive and carminative (Montoro et al., 2013).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Ornamental plant material: Bupleurum rigidum is sold as seeds, seedlings, and potted plants by specialty nurseries and seed companies for rock‑garden, perennial‑border, and xeriscape plantings. It is also included in Mediterranean wild‑flower seed mixes marketed for ecological restoration and low‑maintenance gardens.

Properties relevant to use:
- Drought tolerance and adaptation to low‑nutrient, rocky soils, allowing establishment with minimal irrigation.
- Compact habit (up to 30 cm tall) and early‑summer yellow umbels, providing visual interest in limited‑space landscapes.
- Low maintenance requirements, including resistance to common pests and pathogens in Mediterranean climates.

Sustainability and sourcing:
- Commercial propagation is primarily from cultivated stock, reducing pressure on wild populations.
- The species is listed in horticultural references and is subject to standard plant‑trade regulations (e.g., EU Plant Variety Rights); no specific conservation restrictions have been reported.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Tenoria rigida	Bubani	Fl. Pyren. 2: 366 (1899)
Bupleurum paniculatum	Willk. ex Willk. & Lange	Prodr. Fl. Hispan. 3(1): 74. 1874 [Jun 1874]
Bupleurum rigidum var. angustifolium	Lange	Pug. Pl. Hispan. 4: 231 1865
Bupleurum rigidum subsp. eurigidum	H.Wolff	Pflanzenr. IV, 228: 152 1910
Bupleurum rigidum f. robustum	Rouy & E.G.Camus	Fl. France 7: 330 1901
Bupleurum rigidum prol. typicum	Rouy & E.G.Camus	Fl. France 7: 329 (1901)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Spanish	clujia basta
Spanish	hierba de las cinco venas
Spanish	lengua de liebre
Spanish	bupleurum paniculatum
Arabic	دبيق خشن

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name	Authority	First published in
Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum	(Brot.) H.Wolff	Pflanzenr. , IV, 228: 154 (1910)
Bupleurum rigidum subsp. rigidum		Unknown

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- Northern Africa
  - Algeria
  - Morocco

Europe click to expand
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy
- Southwestern Europe
  - France
  - Portugal
  - Spain

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000575755
Tropicos	50111457
INPN	87093
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:839365-1
The Plant List	kew-2687096
Open Tree Of Life	609140
Observations.org	141431
NCBI Taxonomy	199748
IPNI	839365-1
iNaturalist	82610
GBIF	6026935
EPPO	BUPRI
Elurikkus	575432
CMAUP	NPO12488

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Seseli tortuosum L. subsp. tortuosum Essential Oils and Their Principal Constituents as Anticancer Agents

Vaglica A, Maggio A, Badalamenti N, Bruno M, Lauricella M, Occhipinti C, D’Anneo A

Plants (Basel)

28-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10935401
doi:	10.3390/plants13050678
PMID:	38475524

The potential role of plant secondary metabolites on antifungal and immunomodulatory effect

Zhou X, Zeng M, Huang F, Qin G, Song Z, Liu F

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

05-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10240486
doi:	10.1007/s00253-023-12601-5
PMID:	37272939

Adaptations to the stressful combination of serpentine soils and Mediterranean climate drive plant functional groups and trait richness

Hidalgo-Triana N, Pérez-Latorre AV, Adomou AC, Rudner M, Thorne JH

Front Plant Sci

13-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10040603
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1040839
PMID:	36993858

Essential Oils in Respiratory Mycosis: A Review

Zuzarte M, Salgueiro L

Molecules

28-Jun-2022

PMCID:	PMC9268412
doi:	10.3390/molecules27134140
PMID:	35807386

Antifungal and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Bupleurum rigidum subsp. paniculatum (Brot.) H.Wolff Essential Oil

Zuzarte M, Correia PM, Alves-Silva JM, Gonçalves MJ, Cavaleiro C, Cruz T, Salgueiro L

Antibiotics (Basel)

17-May-2021

PMCID:	PMC8156192
doi:	10.3390/antibiotics10050592
PMID:	34067555

Volatile Constituents Isolated from the Essential Oil of<i>Bupleurum rigidum</i>ssp.<i>paniculatum</i>(Brot.) H. Wolff.

Jesús Palá-Paúl, María José Pérez-Alonso, Arturo Velasco-Negueruela

Informa UK Limited

24-Apr-2012

doi:	10.1080/10412905.1999.9701183

Antiviral Activity of Phytochemicals: A Current Perspective

Naithani R, Mehta RG, Shukla D, Chandersekera SN, Moriarty RM

Dietary Components and Immune Function

07-Jun-2010

PMCID:	PMC7121922
doi:	10.1007/978-1-60761-061-8_24

Phylogenetic Relationships in Bupleurum (Apiaceae) Based on Nuclear Ribosomal DNA ITS Sequence Data

NEVES SS, WATSON MF

Ann Bot

01-Apr-2004

PMCID:	PMC4242331
doi:	10.1093/aob/mch052
PMID:	14980972

Four new triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Bupleurum rigidum.

Sánchez-Contreras S, Díaz-Lanza AM, Bernabé M

J Nat Prod

01-Nov-2000

doi:	10.1021/NP000004H
PMID:	11087587

Minor sulfated saikosaponins from the aerial parts of Bupleurum rigidum L.

Sánchez-Contreras S, Díaz-Lanza AM, Bartolomé C, Bernabé M

Phytochemistry

01-Aug-2000

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
PMID:	11014266

A sulfated saponin from bupleurum rigidum.

Sanchez-Contreras S, Diaz-Lanza AM, Matellano LF, Bernabe M, Ollivier E, Balansard G, Faure R

J Nat Prod

01-Nov-1998

doi:	10.1021/NP9705468
PMID:	9834157

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Alkaloids and derivatives
2,4-Pentadien-1-one, 5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-(1-piperidinyl)-, (2E,4E)-	4840	Click to see	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chavicine	1548912	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isochavicine	1548914	Click to see	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Isopiperine	1548913	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperine	638024	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	285.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Methoxybenzenes / Dimethoxybenzenes
(e)-4-(3,4-Dimethoxy-phenyl)but-3-en-1-yl palmitate	21668972	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCC=CC1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC)OC	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
5-[(3R,3aS,6S,6aR)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydrofuro[3,4-c]furan-6-yl]-1,3-benzodioxole	7059611	Click to see	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Sesamin	72307	Click to see C1C2C(COC2C3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(O1)C5=CC6=C(C=C5)OCO6	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactols
(2R,3R,4R)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-ylmethyl)-3-[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]oxolan-2-ol	102317093	Click to see	372.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acyl glycosides / Fatty acyl glycosides of mono- and disaccharides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol	5280656	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O	296.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-phenylprop-2-enoxy]oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	44521560	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CCOC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O	458.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty amides / N-acyl amines
(2E,4E,8Z)-N-(2-methylpropyl)tetradeca-2,4,8-trienamide	73355665	Click to see	277.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4-Hexadecadienamide, N-(2-methylpropyl)-, (E,E)-	6442402	Click to see	307.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4,12-Octadecatrienoic acid isobutylamide	25221579	Click to see CCCCCC=CCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C	333.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
2,4,14-Eicosatrienoic acid isobutylamide	10338645	Click to see	361.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dodecatetraenoic acid isobutylamide, (2E,4E)-	6443006	Click to see	251.41	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pellitorine	5318516	Click to see	223.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipericine	9974234	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=CC=CC(=O)NCC(C)C	335.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Tetradeca-2E,4E-Dienoic Acid Isobutylamide	10731388	Click to see	279.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Acyclic monoterpenoids
Myrcene	31253	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701183
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Bicyclic monoterpenoids
(+-)-alpha-Pinene	6654	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701183
Beta-Pinene	14896	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701183
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1999.9701183
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20R)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	163099380	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O	1053.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20S)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13-tetramethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	162875104	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(CO)C(=O)O)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O	1069.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,20S)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	101084506	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O	1053.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,20S)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13-tetramethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	101084507	Click to see	1069.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,18R,20S)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13-tetramethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	163187448	Click to see	1069.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162982761	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)CO)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162953380	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163187656	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)CO)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	163187412	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	163024294	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	162953378	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9705468
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	21609768	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)CO)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)O	959.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,3S,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aS,12aS,14aR,14bR)-8a-carboxy-4,4,6a,6b,11,11,14b-heptamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-3,4-dihydroxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid	10557839	Click to see	957.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,4aS,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4a,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	101209185	Click to see	1053.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,4aS,5R,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,9R,10S,12aS)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-4a,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2,6a,6b,9,12a-pentamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12-dodecahydropicene-2-carboxylic acid	163105152	Click to see	1053.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
(2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20R)-10-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-sulfooxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-ene-20-carboxylic acid	163192159	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C(=O)O)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O	1053.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163102336	Click to see	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20S)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163102334	Click to see	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163105998	Click to see	1023.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9705468
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,18R,20S)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163187625	Click to see	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,18R)-2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163191737	Click to see	1023.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9705468
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17R,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	163187624	Click to see	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-5-hydroxy-2-[[(1S,2S,4S,5R,8R,9R,10S,13S,14R,17S,18R,20R)-2-hydroxy-9,20-bis(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20-pentamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	10772420	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C(C2(C)CO)CCC4(C3C=CC56C4(CC(C7(C5CC(CC7)(C)CO)CO6)O)C)C)C)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)OS(=O)(=O)O)O)O)O	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,4R,4aR,6aR,6bS,8R,8aS,11R,14aR,14bS)-8-hydroxy-4,8a,11-tris(hydroxymethyl)-4,6a,6b,11,14b-pentamethyl-1,2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,14a-dodecahydropicen-3-yl]oxy]-5-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate	101084508	Click to see	1039.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)00199-0
2-[5-Hydroxy-2-[[2-hydroxy-9-(hydroxymethyl)-4,5,9,13,20,20-hexamethyl-24-oxahexacyclo[15.5.2.01,18.04,17.05,14.08,13]tetracos-15-en-10-yl]oxy]-6-methyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-4-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol	78178010	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9705468
Buddlejasaponin Iv	153940	Click to see	943.10	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
Sandrosaponin IX	10606202	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)C(=O)O)O)O)OC7C(C(C(C(O7)CO)O)O)OC8C(C(C(C(O8)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)OC9C(C(C(C(O9)CO)O)O)O)C	1119.20	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP000004H
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Saccharolipids
Piperchabaoside B	44521607	Click to see	602.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(3S,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	11870456	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acid derivatives / Carboxylic acid amides / Secondary carboxylic acid amides
(1S,4R,5R,6S)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-6-[(E)-3-(2-methylpropylamino)-3-oxoprop-1-enyl]-4,5-dipentylcyclohex-2-ene-1-carboxamide	53243800	Click to see	446.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
(1R,2S,5R,6S)-2,6-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-5-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxamide	53242461	Click to see	532.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,4E)-5-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(3-methylbutyl)penta-2,4-dienamide	45482110	Click to see	287.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
(2E,4E)-5-(2H-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-[(5E)-10-methylundec-5-en-1-yl]penta-2,4-dienamide	90472536	Click to see	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
[(1S,4R,5R,6S)-4-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)ethenyl]-6-(pyrrolidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-pyrrolidin-1-ylmethanone	102480093	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C(=O)N3CCCC3)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	542.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
13-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)trideca-2,4,12-trienamide	179663	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
15-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)pentadeca-2,4,14-trienamide	85102874	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	411.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
4,5-Dihydropiperlonguminine	12682184	Click to see	275.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
5-[(1E)-dodec-1-en-1-yl]-2H-1,3-benzodioxole	9922008	Click to see	288.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
5alpha,6beta-Bis(piperidinocarbonyl)-4beta-[(E)-2-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-yl)ethenyl]-3beta-(1,3-benzodioxole-5-yl)cyclohexene	10438004	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C(=O)N3CCCCC3)C=CC4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	570.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Brachystamide B	10047263	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCCCCCCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	411.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Chabamide G	102480094	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C2C=CC(C(C2C=CC3=CC4=C(C=C3)OCO4)C(=O)N5CCCC5)C6=CC7=C(C=C6)OCO7	542.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Cinnamamide, N-isobutyl-3,4-(methylenedioxy)-	96931	Click to see	247.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Dehydropipernonaline	6439947	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC=CCCC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	339.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Guineesine	6442405	Click to see	383.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ilepcimide	641115	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	259.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Methyl Piperate	9921021	Click to see COC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	232.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperanine	5320618	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CCCC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	287.35	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide B	44453655	Click to see	369.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide C	44454018	Click to see	395.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide D	16041827	Click to see	357.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperchabamide F	44521561	Click to see	343.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipercide	5372162	Click to see	355.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperlonguminine	5320621	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	273.33	unknown	via CMAUP database
Pipernonaline	9974595	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CCCCCC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	341.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperoleine B	21580213	Click to see	343.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperonal	8438	Click to see	150.13	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperundecalidine	44453654	Click to see	367.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperyline	636537	Click to see C1CCN(C1)C(=O)C=CC=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3	271.31	unknown	via CMAUP database
Retrofractamide A	11012859	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C=CC=CCCC=CC1=CC2=C(C=C1)OCO2	327.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Retrofractamide C	25255091	Click to see	329.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyridines and derivatives / Hydropyridines
1-(3-phenylpropanoyl)-5,6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one	44453778	Click to see C1CN(C(=O)C=C1)C(=O)CCC2=CC=CC=C2	229.27	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives
Piperidine, 1-(1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenyl)-	223147	Click to see C1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	215.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
Piperlongumine	637858	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C=CC(=O)N2CCC=CC2=O	317.34	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Methyl 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-cinnamate	16830	Click to see	208.21	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
(1S,2S,5R,6R)-5,6-bis(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-N-(2-methylpropyl)-2-(piperidine-1-carbonyl)cyclohex-3-ene-1-carboxamide	53242460	Click to see CC(C)CNC(=O)C1C(C=CC(C1C2=CC3=C(C=C2)OCO3)C4=CC5=C(C=C4)OCO5)C(=O)N6CCCCC6	532.60	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Bupleurum rigidum

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