Astrantia major
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID64400b9e653fd130857040 |
| Scientific name | Astrantia major |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 235 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Across the Mediterranean, Central Europe, and China, peppermint leaves are steeped for mild teas that settle the stomach, soothe a nervous stomach, and ease occasional gas. In folk practice in the Balkans and the Near East the same leaf infusion is taken at mealtimes to prevent indigestion, while in western herbal texts a stronger infusion is poured over the head as a calming compress for mild headache. Decoctions of the leaves are also used as a gargle for mild sore throat and as a rinse for infant colic in several European households, according to classic herbal manuals and ethnobotanical surveys of traditional remedies.
For a simple daily tea, place a rounded tablespoon of roughly crushed peppermint leaves in a teapot and pour over 250 milliliters of nearly boiling water. Cover and steep for 5 to 7 minutes, strain, and sip a cup after meals. The essential oil, menthol, gives the brew its brisk cooling sensation while flavonol glycosides such as luteolin and apigenin add gentle smoothness to the mouth. For a stronger aromatic infusion suitable as a compress, double the leaf amount and extend the steep to 10 minutes. Use cautiously in those with acid reflux, and limit intake to no more than three cups daily; peppermint’s strong menthol is not advised for infants under three months unless under guidance.
The therapeutic notes are plausibly explained by menthol and menthone, the chief monoterpenes of the oil, alongside flavonoids like menthoside and rosmarinic acid. The menthol fraction activates cold receptors on the skin and gut mucosa, relieving spasm and unease; rosmarinic acid and flavonoids contribute mild anti-spasmodic and soothing qualities. Commercial peppermint teas are widely available in supermarkets and specialty outlets, and clinical research on peppermint leaf and oil continues to support its use for functional dyspepsia and infant colic.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
Astrantia major is cultivated and traded as an ornamental garden plant and as a cut flower. It is grown for ornamental borders, naturalistic plantings, and as a decorative element in floral arrangements, sometimes with the dried flower heads retained for craft purposes.
Common products:
Astrantia major is cultivated as an ornamental garden plant and as a cut flower. It is produced and sold by nurseries and florists for decorative borders, naturalistic plantings, and floral arrangements, sometimes with the dried flower heads used in craft work.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Sanicula astrantia | Garsault | Fig. Pl. Med. 4: t. 515. 1764, nom. inval., opus utique oppressum; Descr. Pl. Anim. 307. 1767; Thell. in Bull. Herb. Boiss. Ser. II. viii. 905. |
| Astrantia australis | Huter & Porta ex H.Wolff | Pflanzenr. , IV, 228(61): 86 (1913) |
| Astrantia candida | Mill. | Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 2 (1768) |
| Astrantia caucasica | Willd. ex Spreng. | Pl. Umbell. Prodr. : 17 (1813) |
| Astrantia europaea | L. ex Rehmann | Not. Veg. Schwarz. Meer. : 63 (1872) |
| Astrantia intermedia | M.Bieb. | Fl. Taur.-Caucas. , Suppl.: 194 (1819) |
| Astrantia major f. integra | (F.Malý) I.Asenov | Fl. Narodna Republ. Bulg. 8: 34. 1982 |
| Astrantia major subsp. involucrata | (W.D.J.Koch) Ces. | Not. Nat. Civ. Lombardia 1: 299. 1844 |
| Astrantia major var. involucrata | W.D.J.Koch | Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. 1(1): 280. 1836 [25-26 Apr 1836] |
| Astrantia montana | [Clairv.] | Man. Herbor. Suisse : 78 (1811) |
| Astrantia nigra | Scop. | Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 1: 188 (1771) |
| Astrantia pallida | Presl ex W.D.J.Koch | Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. : 280 (1835) |
| Astrantia saniculifolia | Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton : 159 (1796) |
| Astrantia vulgaris | Dalla Torre & Sarnth. | Fl. Tirol 6(2): 895 (1909) |
| Astrantia major var. maxima | Kuntze | Index Seminum (LZ) 1850: 1 1850 |
| Sanicula astrantia | E.H.L.Krause | Deutschl. Fl. Abbild., ed. 2. 12: 18 (1904) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | greater masterwort |
| English | great masterwort |
| Spanish | sanicula hembra |
| Arabic | كوكبية كبيرة |
| Arabic | خربق أسود |
| Arabic | هرقل |
| Belarusian | Астранцыя вялікая |
| Bulgarian | зарниче |
| Catalan | astrància gran |
| Czech | jarmanka |
| Czech | jarmanka větší |
| Danish | stor stjerneskærm |
| German | große sterndolde |
| German | schwarzer sanikel |
| German | sternblume |
| Estonian | suur tähtputk |
| Persian | ستارهگون مهتر |
| Finnish | isotähtiputki |
| French | grande astrance |
| French | grande radiaire |
| Upper Sorbian | wulki bělan |
| Hungarian | nagy völgycsillag |
| Hungarian | völgycsillag |
| Italian | astranzia maggiore |
| Georgian | ვარსკვლავა |
| Lithuanian | didžioji astrantija |
| Macedonian | голема ѕвезда |
| Dutch | groot sterrenscherm |
| Dutch | zeeuws knoopje |
| Polish | jarzmianka większa |
| Russian | Астранция крупная |
| Russian | Звездовка крупная |
| Russian | Звездовка большая |
| Russian | Астранция большая |
| Slovak | jarmanka väčšia |
| Swedish | linnes fröknar |
| Swedish | stjärnflocka |
| Swedish | linnés fröknar |
| Turkish | havaifişek çiçeği |
| Ukrainian | Напрасниця |
| Ukrainian | Гоюче зілля |
| Ukrainian | Астранція велика |
| Chinese | 星芹 |
| Chinese | 大星芹 |
Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Astrantia major subsp. apenninica | Wörz | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 123: 314 (2001) |
| Astrantia major subsp. carinthiaca | (Hoppe ex W.D.J.Koch) Arcang. | Comp. Fl. Ital. 265. 1882 (1882) |
| Astrantia major subsp. elatior | (Friv.) K.Malý | Glasn. Zemaljsk. Muz. Bosni Hercegovini 18: 441. 1906 (1906) |
| Astrantia major subsp. pyrenaica | Wörz | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 123: 315 (2001) |
| Astrantia major subsp. major | Unknown |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!| Alternate between 4°C and 20°C for 3 months each, over several cycles, with an extended germination period. |
| Requires Darkness: These seeds need to be covered with soil or otherwise kept in the dark to germinate properly. Light inhibits their germination process. |
| Sow seeds immediately as their viability decreases rapidly, or they best germinate when fresh. If stored, seeds might need temperature cycling and patience to germinate. |
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
Caucasus
- North Caucasus
-
Caucasus
-
Europe click to expand
-
Eastern Europe
- Belarus
- Northwest European Russia
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Austria
- Belgium
- Czechoslovakia
- Germany
- Hungary
- Poland
- Switzerland
-
Northern Europe
- Denmark
- Finland
- Great Britain
- Norway
- Sweden
-
Southeastern Europe
- Albania
- Bulgaria
- Greece
- Italy
- Romania
- Yugoslavia
-
Southwestern Europe
- France
- Spain
-
Eastern Europe
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000554832 |
| Canadensys | 2546 |
| USDA Plants | ASMA25 |
| Tropicos | 1700325 |
| INPN | 84936 |
| Flora of Italy | 3413 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:838340-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2663972 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 276013 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 1012754 |
| Observations.org | 20240 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 52448 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0000003635 |
| IPNI | 838340-1 |
| iNaturalist | 131623 |
| GBIF | 3034915 |
| Freebase | /m/08scmm |
| EPPO | ASNMA |
| EOL | 480309 |
| Elurikkus | 2978 |
| USDA GRIN | 406663 |
| Wikipedia | Astrantia_major |
| CMAUP | NPO16642 |
| Plantarium | 5827 |
| PFAF | Astrantia major |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones | |||||
| 9-[4-[5-(4,5-Dihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl)oxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]-1,8-dihydroxy-5,6-dimethoxy-3-methyl-5,6-dihydrobenzo[a]anthracene-7,12-dione | 162815313 | Click to see CC1C(CCC(O1)OC2CC(OC(C2O)C)C3=C(C4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C5=C(C4=O)C(C(C6=C5C(=CC(=C6)C)O)OC)OC)O)OC7CC(C(C(O7)C)O)O | 740.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| > Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones | |||||
| 1,3,5-Trihydroxy-7-methyl-2-(1,3,5-trihydroxy-7-methyl-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)anthracene-9,10-dione | 54752972 | Click to see | 538.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1,4,7-Trihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione | 54752971 | Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3O)OC)O | 300.26 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Butyrophenones | |||||
| (5aR,10bR)-8,10-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-5a-propan-2-yl-10bH-[1]benzofuro[2,3-b][1]benzofuran-1,3-dione | 102521923 | Click to see CC(C)CC(=O)C1=C(C=C(C2=C1OC3(C2C4=C(O3)C(C(=O)C(C4=O)(C)C)(C)C)C(C)C)O)O | 456.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Dibenzylbutane lignans | |||||
| 9,9'-Di-O-(E)-feruloylsecoisolariciresinol | 10439806 | Click to see | 714.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Hopanoids | |||||
| (3I(2),21I(2))-Aa(2)-Neogammacer-22(30)-ene-3,29-diol | 102032092 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Quinone and hydroquinone lipids / Vitamin E compounds / Tocopherols | |||||
| Alpha-Tocopherol | 14985 | Click to see CC1=C(C2=C(CCC(O2)(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)C(=C1O)C)C | 430.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids | |||||
| (2,6-Dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienyl) acetate | 163085365 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)CCC=C(C)COC(=O)C | 262.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| (2E,6E)-2,6-dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trien-1-ol | 15276469 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| 2,6-Dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trien-1-ol | 85385603 | Click to see | 220.35 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| 2,6-Dimethyl-10-methylidenedodeca-2,6,11-trienal | 62161 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=C)C=C)CCC=C(C)C=O | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| beta-SINENSAL | 5281535 | Click to see | 218.33 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89296-1 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids | |||||
| Taraxerol | 92097 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins | |||||
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl] (4aS,6aS,6bR,10S,12aR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylate | 10416408 | Click to see | 618.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| (1R,3aR,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bS,13aR,13bR)-3a,5a,5b,8,8,11a-hexamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-ol | 11876093 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (3S,4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aS,14aR,14bR)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,3,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-ol | 10836206 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,10R,12aR,14bR)-10-hydroxy-2,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-1,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydropicene-4a-carboxylic acid | 7061300 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(1R,3aS,5aR,5bR,7aR,9S,11aR,11bR,13aR,13bR)-3a-(hydroxymethyl)-5a,5b,8,8,11a-pentamethyl-1-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,7a,9,10,11,11b,12,13,13a,13b-hexadecahydrocyclopenta[a]chrysen-9-yl] acetate | 479957 | Click to see | 484.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 11-Oxo-beta-amyrin | 20055661 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 440.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3-O-p-Coumaroyloleanolic acid | 10579517 | Click to see | 602.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3beta-Acetoxy-11alpha,12alpha-epoxyoleanan-28,13beta-olide | 21626351 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CCC2(C(C1(C)C)CCC3(C2C4C(O4)C56C3(CCC7(C5CC(CC7)(C)C)C(=O)O6)C)C)C | 512.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Arjunolic acid | 73641 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CC(C(C5(C)CO)O)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C(=O)O)C | 488.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Beta-Amyrin | 73145 | Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulin | 72326 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)CO | 442.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Betulonic acid | 122844 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)O | 454.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Friedelin | 91472 | Click to see | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Lupeol | 259846 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C | 426.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| methyl (1S,2R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aS,10R,12aR,14bS)-10-hydroxy-1,2,6a,6b,9,9,12a-heptamethyl-2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,13,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picene-4a-carboxylate | 40884490 | Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)OC | 470.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl Betulonate | 10766700 | Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(=O)C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)C)C(=O)OC | 468.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Npc112866 | 49867939 | Click to see | 456.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| Stigmast-4-en-3-one | 5484202 | Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4=CC(=O)CCC34C)C)C(C)C | 412.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclic alcohols and derivatives | |||||
| (8aR)-8a-hydroxy-3,3,6,6,8,8-hexamethyl-1,2-benzodioxine-5,7-dione | 44281346 | Click to see | 268.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthenes | |||||
| (10R,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929125 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (10S,16R,24R)-12-hydroxy-5,5,7,7,19,19,21,21-octamethyl-13-(3-methylbutanoyl)-10-(2-methylpropyl)-16-propan-2-yl-3,15,17-trioxahexacyclo[12.10.0.02,11.04,9.016,24.018,23]tetracosa-1,4(9),11,13,18(23)-pentaene-6,8,20,22-tetrone | 56929124 | Click to see | 688.80 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9R)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-5-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 102521922 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| (9S)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-7-(3-methylbutanoyl)-9-(2-methylpropyl)-9H-xanthene-1,3-dione | 26202536 | Click to see CC(C)CC1C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)C(=O)CC(C)C)O)OC3=C1C(=O)C(C(=O)C3(C)C)(C)C | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Rhodomyrtone | 12050020 | Click to see | 442.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| Rosmarinic Acid | 5281792 | Click to see | 360.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters | |||||
| Triacontyl p-coumarate | 14213589 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O | 585.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids | |||||
| Combretol | 12303802 | Click to see | 388.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Macrolides and analogues | |||||
| (4Z)-4-Ethylidene-7,12-dihydroxy-6,7-dimethyl-2,9-dioxa-14-azatricyclo[9.5.1.014,17]heptadecane-3,8-dione | 12315046 | Click to see | 353.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| 2,3,8-Tri-O-methylellagic acid | 5281860 | Click to see COC1=C(C2=C3C(=C1)C(=O)OC4=C3C(=CC(=C4OC)O)C(=O)O2)OC | 344.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| beta-Pedunculagin | 5320441 | Click to see | 784.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |