Pistia stratiotes
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643fe7cb08c5e547693650 |
| Scientific name | Pistia stratiotes |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 963 (1753) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
In the Kalahari Basin and the Okavango Delta of Botswana, people have long used water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) both as an internal and external remedy. Strong decoctions of the leaves and stems have been taken to relieve cough, asthma, and urinary complaints, and as a general diuretic. Crushed or macerated leaf poultices were pressed onto wounds, boils, and swollen legs to “cool” inflammation and draw out infection. A 1911 review of southern African ethnobotany recorded these preparations, and a 1972 study on Botswana medicinal plants confirmed decoction of the aerial parts for urinary complaints and the use of leaf poultices on wounds and swellings. In Brazil, macerations of whole leaves were drunk as a tea for colic and as a gentle diuretic, while cataplasms of the leaves were applied topically to painful areas. These practices are noted in an ethnobotanical inventory of Brazilian water plants.
Across South Asia, information comes mainly from Bangladesh and eastern India. In Bangladesh, people employ leaf decoctions as an internal remedy for fever and cough, and crushed leaf poultices on cuts and burns. An ethnobotanical study of Bangladesh described these preparations and their application to swollen joints; work on medicinal plants of eastern India similarly recorded the use of leaf poultices for skin ailments and bruise-related swelling. These reports connect the plant’s external use to wound care and inflammation, while internal decoctions focus on respiratory and febrile complaints.
A single practical preparation illustrates these uses: a mild leaf decoction. Measure approximately 15–20 g of fresh leaves (or about 5–6 g of dried leaves), remove the central rib and coarse veins, and simmer in 500 ml of water for 15–20 minutes. Allow to cool, then strain and sip up to 240 ml per day. If the material is very mucilaginous, add a pinch of lime or a squeeze of lemon during decoction to prevent excessive gelation. For an external poultice, mash about 25–30 g of fresh leaves, spread on a clean cloth, and apply to the affected skin for 20–30 minutes up to three times daily. Given the plant’s tendency to concentrate heavy metals and the possibility of transient stomach upset at higher doses, avoid internal use during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and do not rely on water lettuce from visibly polluted waterways for medicinal preparations.
Well-known constituents support these traditional applications. The leaves contain mucilaginous polysaccharides that soothe irritated mucosa, flavonoids and phenolic acids with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and triterpenoids that have recorded antimicrobial actions. Modern relevance includes renewed interest in its pharmacological activities and its use in aquaculture, green manure, and wastewater polishing. While standardized medicinal products are not common, selected extracts are investigated for antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory potential, and water lettuce continues to be a practical, locally sourced remedy in communities where aquatic plants are integrated into health practices.
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!**Common products:**
Water lettuce is primarily utilized as a raw material for **phytoremediation applications**, specifically in constructed wetlands designed for **wastewater treatment**. Its primary products derived from this use include **treated water effluents** (with reduced nutrients and pollutants) and **biomass harvest** for waste valorization pathways.
**Industrial and craft applications:**
Its significant **phytoremediation** capacity underpins its main industrial application. It is effective at removing **nutrients** (nitrogen, phosphorus) and various **contaminants** (heavy metals like cadmium and lead, organic pollutants) from polluted aquatic environments. Harvested biomass shows potential for **biofuel production** (biogas via anaerobic digestion) and as a **compost/soil amendment** after appropriate processing to address its high moisture content and potential weed seed viability.
**Food and beverages (non-medicinal):**
No significant non-medicinal food or beverage uses are documented.
**Colorants and tanning:**
No significant colorant or tannin uses are documented.
**Wood and fiber:**
No significant timber or fiber uses are documented due to its soft, watery structure.
**Fragrance and cosmetics:**
No significant fragrance or cosmetic uses are documented.
**Properties relevant to use:**
* **Rapid growth & high biomass yield:** Enables efficient **nutrient uptake** from water, key for **phytoremediation**. Its floating rosette morphology maximizes water surface contact.
* **Hyperaccumulation capabilities:** Demonstrates the ability to accumulate certain **heavy metals** (e.g., Cd, Pb) and **organic pollutants**, concentrating them in harvestable biomass.
* **Broad tolerance:** Can thrive in diverse aquatic conditions, facilitating deployment in various **wastewater treatment** settings.
**Standards and regulation:**
In many regions where it is invasive, its intentional cultivation for remediation is subject to strict **permitting and containment regulations** to prevent spread beyond designated areas. Utilized biomass disposal methods must comply with **hazardous waste management standards** if contaminated with heavy metals.
**Sustainability and sourcing:**
Sourcing is generally from **invasive populations** undergoing control efforts, or cultivated in **closed systems** for remediation purposes. Harvesting provides the dual benefit of weed control and resource recovery. However, its highly invasive nature necessitates **careful management** during sourcing, cultivation, and biomass processing to prevent escape. Its use in remediation can be seen as a form of **biological waste valorization**.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Limnonesis commutata | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 24 (1853) |
| Limnonesis friedrichsthaliana | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 24 (1853) |
| Apiospermum obcordatum | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 351 (1853) |
| Pistia aegyptiaca | Schleid. | Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 19 (1838) |
| Pistia aethiopica | Fenzl ex Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 354 (1853) |
| Pistia africana | C.Presl | Epimel. Bot. : 240 (1851) |
| Pistia amazonica | C.Presl | Epimel. Bot. : 240 (1851) |
| Pistia brasiliensis | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 356 (1853) |
| Pistia commutata | Schleid. | Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 20 (1838) |
| Pistia crispata | Blume | Rumphia 1: 78 (1836) |
| Pistia cumingii | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 354 (1853) |
| Pistia gardneri | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 356 (1853) |
| Pistia horkeliana | Miq. | Linnaea 18: 81 (1845) |
| Pistia leprieurii | Blume | Rumphia 1: 79 (1836) |
| Pistia linguiformis | Blume | Rumphia 1: 79 (1836) |
| Pistia minor | Blume | Rumphia 1: 78 (1836) |
| Pistia natalensis | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 354 (1853) |
| Pistia obcordata | Schleid. | Allg. Gartenzeitung 6: 20 (1838) |
| Pistia occidentalis | Blume | Rumphia 1: 79 (1836) |
| Pistia schleideniana | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 356 (1853) |
| Pistia spathulata | Michx. | Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 162 (1803) |
| Pistia texensis | Klotzsch | Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 356 (1853) |
| Pistia turpinii | K.Koch | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 10: 577 (1852) |
| Pistia weigeltiana | C.Presl | Epimel. Bot. : 240 (1851) |
| Zala asiatica | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 405 (1790) |
| Pistia stratiotes var. obcordata | (Schleid.) Engl. | Fl. Bras. 3(2): 214 (1878) |
| Pistia stratiotes var. spathulata | (Michx.) Engl. | Fl. Bras. 3(2): 214 (1878) |
| Pistia stratiotes var. linguiformis | Engl. | Fl. Bras. 3(2): 215. 1878 |
| Pistia stratiotes var. cuneata | Engl. | Fl. Bras. 3(2): 214. 1878 |
| Pistia turpini | Blume | Rumphia 1: 79 1835 |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | water lettuce |
| English | nile cabbage |
| English | shellflower |
| Spanish | lechuguilla de agua |
| Spanish | repollo de agua |
| Spanish | apiospermum |
| Spanish | kodda-pail |
| Afrikaans | waterslaai |
| Arabic | زقيم |
| Arabic | حَى عالم الماء |
| Assamese | বৰপুণি |
| ban | kapu-kapu |
| Belarusian | вадзяная салата |
| bew | kapu-kapu |
| Bulgarian | мидено цвете |
| Bambara | kɔbaga |
| Bengali | টাকাপানা |
| Bengali | টোপাপানা |
| Czech | babelka řezanovitá |
| German | grüne wasserrose |
| German | muschelblume |
| German | wassersalat |
| Esperanto | pistio |
| Estonian | vesisalat |
| Persian | پستیا |
| Finnish | vesisalaatti |
| French | laitue d'eau |
| French | pistie |
| French | salade du nil |
| Hausa | kainuwa |
| Hebrew | חסת המים |
| Hebrew | פיסטיה צפה |
| Hebrew | פיסטיה |
| Hungarian | úszó kagylótutaj |
| Indonesian | kayuapu |
| Indonesian | apu-apu |
| Japanese | ウォーターレタス |
| Japanese | ボタンウキクサ属 |
| Japanese | ボタンウキクサ |
| Kannada | ಕುಂಬಿಕ್ |
| Korean | 물상추 |
| Lithuanian | pistija |
| Lithuanian | vandens salota |
| Lithuanian | salotinė pistija |
| Malagasy | tsikafonkafona |
| Malayalam | പിസ്ടിയ |
| Malay | kapu-kapu |
| Malay | kembiang |
| Malay | kiambang |
| Norwegian Bokmål | muslingblom |
| Norwegian Bokmål | muslingblomslekta |
| Norwegian Bokmål | muslingblomslekten |
| Norwegian Bokmål | vannsalat |
| Nepali | जलकुम्भी |
| Dutch | watersla |
| Dutch | mosselplant |
| Dutch | mosselplantje |
| Norwegian Nynorsk | muslingblom |
| no | muslingblom |
| no | vannsalat |
| Oriya | ବୋରଝାଞ୍ଜି |
| Polish | piscja osokowata |
| Polish | sałata nilowa |
| Polish | sałata wodna |
| Polish | topian osokowaty |
| Portuguese | erva de santa luzia |
| Portuguese | erva-de-santa-luzia |
| Portuguese | oju orò |
| Portuguese | ojuoro |
| Portuguese | ojuorô |
| Russian | Пистия |
| Russian | Пистия слоистая |
| Swedish | musselblomssläktet |
| Swedish | musselblomma |
| Swedish | vattensallad |
| Tamil | பிஸ்டியா |
| Telugu | పిస్టియా |
| Thai | จอก |
| Turkish | sumarulu |
| Turkish | su marulu |
| Ukrainian | Капуста водяна |
| Ukrainian | Водяний салат |
| Vietnamese | bèo cái |
| Chinese | 大薸 |
| Chinese | 水芙蓉 |
| Chinese | 大浮萍 |
| Chinese | 大漂 |
| Chinese | 大萍 |
| Chinese | 大蓮 |
| Chinese | 大蕊萍 |
| Chinese | 大藻 |
| Chinese | 卡过 |
| Chinese | 大萍叶 |
| Chinese | 天浮萍 |
| Chinese | 水浮萍 |
| Chinese | 水荷莲 |
| Chinese | 猪乸莲 |
| Chinese | 肥猪草 |
| Chinese | 水浮莲 |
| Chinese | 大薸屬 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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East Tropical Africa
- Kenya
- Tanzania
- Uganda
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Macaronesia
- Azores
- Canary Islands
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Middle Atlantic Ocean
- Saint Helena
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Northeast Tropical Africa
- Chad
- Ethiopia
- Somalia
- Sudan
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Northern Africa
- Egypt
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South Tropical Africa
- Angola
- Malawi
- Mozambique
- Zambia
- Zimbabwe
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Southern Africa
- Botswana
- Cape Provinces
- Caprivi Strip
- Free State
- Kwazulu-Natal
- Lesotho
- Namibia
- Northern Provinces
- Swaziland
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West Tropical Africa
- Benin
- Burkina
- Gambia
- Ghana
- Guinea
- Guinea-Bissau
- Ivory Coast
- Liberia
- Mali
- Mauritania
- Niger
- Nigeria
- Senegal
- Sierra Leone
- Togo
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West-central Tropical Africa
- Burundi
- Cabinda
- Cameroon
- Central African Republic
- Congo
- Equatorial Guinea
- Gabon
- Gulf Of Guinea Islands
- Rwanda
- Zaïre
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Western Indian Ocean
- Comoros
- Madagascar
- Mauritius
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East Tropical Africa
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Asia-temperate click to expand
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China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
- Hainan
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Eastern Asia
- Japan
- Nansei-shoto
- Taiwan
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Middle Asia
- Kazakhstan
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Western Asia
- Afghanistan
- Palestine
- Turkey
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China
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Assam
- Bangladesh
- East Himalaya
- India
- Laccadive Islands
- Maldives
- Nepal
- Pakistan
- Sri Lanka
- West Himalaya
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Laos
- Myanmar
- Nicobar Nicobar
- South China Sea
- Thailand
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Borneo
- Jawa
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
- Sulawesi
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Australasia click to expand
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Australia
- Northern Territory
- Queensland
-
Australia
-
Europe click to expand
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Eastern Europe
- Ukraine
-
Middle Europe
- Netherlands
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Southeastern Europe
- Italy
-
Eastern Europe
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Northern America click to expand
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Mexico
- Mexican Pacific Islands
- Mexico Central
- Mexico Gulf
- Mexico Northeast
- Mexico Northwest
- Mexico Southeast
- Mexico Southwest
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- New York
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Northwestern U.S.A.
- Colorado
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Florida
- Louisiana
- Maryland
- Mississippi
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Mexico
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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Southwestern Pacific
- New Caledonia
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil North
- Brazil Northeast
- Brazil South
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Aruba
- Bermuda
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Jamaica
- Leeward Islands
- Netherlands Antilles
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Venezuelan Antilles
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- Costa Rica
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
-
Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
-
Southern South America
- Argentina Northeast
- Paraguay
- Uruguay
-
Western South America
- Bolivia
- Colombia
- Ecuador
- Galápagos
- Peru
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000273956 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 4002 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3815 |
| Canadensys | 27976 |
| USDA Plants | PIST2 |
| Tropicos | 2103622 |
| INPN | 447733 |
| Flora of Italy | 7864 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:317684-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-156674 |
| Missouri Botanical Garden | 276427 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 431391 |
| Observations.org | 7200 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 4477 |
| NBN Atlas | NBNSYS0200002892 |
| Nature Serve | 2.151080 |
| IUCN Red List | 168937 |
| IPNI | 317684-2 |
| iNaturalist | 78589 |
| GBIF | 2870583 |
| Freebase | /m/043965 |
| EPPO | PIIST |
| EOL | 1134478 |
| Calflora (Californian flora) | 6543 |
| USDA GRIN | 102491 |
| Wikipedia | Pistia |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides | |||||
| Kiwiionoside | 131752431 | Click to see | 406.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1080/10575639608043244 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives | |||||
| [(3R,5S,8S,9S,10S,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethenyl-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-11-yl] acetate | 25180961 | Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C(CCC2C3C1C4(CCC(CC4CC3)O)C)C=C)C | 360.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (5S,8S,9S,10R,11R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(E,2R,5S)-5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl]-11-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6-dione | 162903453 | Click to see | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83670-G |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-3,5-diacetyloxy-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadecanoate | 162947643 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C | 927.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] octadecanoate | 163060270 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1C(C(COC1OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)O)O | 813.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| [(3R,4R,5R,6S)-6-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] octadecanoate | 162917987 | Click to see | 813.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| [2-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] octadecanoate | 163060269 | Click to see | 813.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| [3,5-diacetyloxy-6-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl octadecanoate | 162947642 | Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2CCC3(C4CCC5(C(C4CC=C3C2)CCC5C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C)C)OC(=O)C)O)OC(=O)C | 927.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| [6-[[17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxyoxan-3-yl] octadecanoate | 162917986 | Click to see | 813.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83671-7 |
| 17-(5-ethyl-6-methylhept-3-en-2-yl)-11-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,4,5,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,6-dione | 85626576 | Click to see CCC(C=CC(C)C1CCC2C1(CC(C3C2CC(=O)C4C3(CCC(=O)C4)C)O)C)C(C)C | 442.70 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(91)83670-G |
| > Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides | |||||
| L-Ascorbic Acid | 54670067 | Click to see | 176.12 | unknown | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC64865/ |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Anthocyanins / Anthocyanidin-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| Chrysanthemin | 44256715 | Click to see | 449.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides | |||||
| Orientin | 5281675 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 448.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1 |
| Vicenin 2 | 3084407 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1 |
| Vitexin | 5280441 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3770(77)90003-1 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |