Salvinia molesta, also known as giant salvinia or kariba weed, is an aquatic fern native to Brazil. It is a free-floating plant that forms a thick mat on the surface of water, causing damage to other aquatic life. It has been accidentally introduced to many lakes in the United States, including Caddo Lake in Texas, where it has caused extensive damage. In Europe, it is considered an invasive species and its import, cultivation, and release into the environment is prohibited. S. molesta is difficult to control and has been used to extract pollutants from water. It prefers slow-moving, nutrient-rich waters and can survive in a wide range of temperatures. The plant reproduces rapidly and is spread through contaminated watercraft and plant stocks. Efforts to control it include biological, mechanical, and chemical methods, as well as bans on its transportation and relocation. S. molesta has also shown potential in cancer research and has a unique effect on submerged surfaces known as the "salvinia effect." Chemical compounds with potential medicinal properties have been isolated from the plant.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Salvinia adnata	Desv.	Mém. Soc. Linn. Paris 6(2): 177 (1827)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	giant salvinia
English	kariba weed
English	kariba-weed
Afrikaans	kariba weed
Afrikaans	watervaring
Czech	nepukalka obtížná
Finnish	poimukellussaniainen
Armenian	ծովոսպ
Japanese	オオサンショウモ
Dutch	grote vlotvaren
Swedish	jättesimbräken
Swedish	salvinia adnata
Chinese	人厌槐叶苹
Chinese	人厌槐叶蘋
Chinese	速生槐叶蘋
Chinese	煩人槐葉萍
Chinese	人厭槐葉蘋

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
  - Uganda
- Macaronesia
  - Azores
- South Tropical Africa
  - Malawi
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Botswana
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
  - Lesotho
  - Namibia
  - Northern Provinces
  - Swaziland
- West Tropical Africa
  - Benin
  - Burkina
  - Ghana
  - Ivory Coast
  - Mali
  - Mauritania
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Eastern Asia
  - Taiwan
- Western Asia
  - Palestine
  - Turkey

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Nepal
  - Pakistan
  - Sri Lanka
  - West Himalaya
- Indo-China
  - Thailand
- Malesia
  - Borneo
  - Jawa
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
- Papuasia
  - New Guinea

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - New South Wales
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland
  - South Australia
  - Victoria
  - Western Australia

Europe click to expand
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Belgium
  - Germany
  - Hungary
  - Netherlands
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
- Southeastern Europe
  - Italy
- Southwestern Europe
  - Corse
  - France
  - Portugal

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Northwest
- North-central U.S.A.
  - Kansas
  - Missouri
  - Oklahoma
- Northeastern U.S.A.
  - Connecticut
  - Pennsylvania
- Northwestern U.S.A.
  - Oregon
  - Washington
- South-central U.S.A.
  - New Mexico
  - Texas
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Alabama
  - Arkansas
  - Florida
  - Georgia
  - Louisiana
  - Maryland
  - Mississippi
  - North Carolina
  - South Carolina
  - Virginia
- Southwestern U.S.A.
  - Arizona
  - California

Pacific click to expand
- North-central Pacific
  - Hawaii
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Vanuatu

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Cuba
  - Leeward Islands
  - Trinidad-Tobago
- Central America
  - Guatemala
- Southern South America
  - Argentina Northeast

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001110772
Florida Plant Atlas	1872
Flora of Alabama	181
USDA Plants	SAMO5
Tropicos	26604303
INPN	446498
Flora of Italy	143
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17453700-1
The Plant List	tro-26604303
Open Tree Of Life	364724
Observations.org	7403
NCBI Taxonomy	167732
NBN Atlas	NHMSYS0020744923
Nature Serve	2.144289
IPNI	17453700-1
iNaturalist	78976
GBIF	5274863
Freebase	/m/0ph1f
EPPO	SAVMO
EOL	596872
Calflora (Californian flora)	8734
US Library of Congress	sh85116970
USDA GRIN	102979
Wikipedia	Salvinia_molesta

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Nonchemical Aquatic Weed Control Methods: Exploring the Efficacy of UV-C Radiation as a Novel Weed Control Tool

Udugamasuriyage D, Kahandawa G, Tennakoon KU

Plants (Basel)

09-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053894
doi:	10.3390/plants13081052
PMID:	38674461

Effect of expanding farmlands with domestication of animals in the vicinity of disturbed swamps and built-up farmland ponds on population dispersion and decline of locally adapted Mansonia vectors (Diptera: Culicidae)

Pimnon S, Bhumiratana A, Intarapuk A, Ritthison W

Vet World

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC11045523
doi:	10.14202/vetworld.2024.564-576
PMID:	38680151

Azolla Pinnata: Sustainable Floating Oil Cleaner of Water Bodies

Mohd G, Bhat IM, Kakroo I, Balachandran A, Tabasum R, Majid K, Wani MF, Manna U, Ghodake G, Lone S

ACS Omega

07-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10955581
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c08417
PMID:	38524463

Recent Advances in Superhydrophobic Materials Development for Maritime Applications

Tang ZQ, Tian T, Molino PJ, Skvortsov A, Ruan D, Ding J, Li Y

Adv Sci (Weinh)

25-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC11040384
doi:	10.1002/advs.202308152
PMID:	38403472

Effects of Salvinia as a broiler litter material on growth performance, behavior, welfare parameters, litter characters, and ammonia emission

Thennakoon TM, Udagedara UG, Atapattu NS, Senaratne D

Poult Sci

13-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10909906
doi:	10.1016/j.psj.2024.103542
PMID:	38417331

Advanced Self-Cleaning Surfaces

Antonini C, D’Arienzo M, Ferrari M, Diamanti MV

Materials (Basel)

23-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10856757
doi:	10.3390/ma17030537
PMID:	38591399

Evaluation of physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater and sludge of Zahedan urban wastewater treatment plant for reuse

Ganji F, Kamani H, Ghayebzadeh M, Abdipour H, Moein H

Heliyon

19-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10835325
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24845
PMID:	38312560

Biodiesel production potential of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms: comparison of collection sites and different alcohol transesterifications

Leite AA, Weber LV, Correa JP, de Castro TL, da Silva CC, da Costa e Silva RM, Cardoso CA, Konradt-Moraes LC

Sci Rep

18-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10796625
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-51913-y
PMID:	38238408

Ophiorrhiza mungos-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles as Effective and Reusable Adsorbents for the Removal of Methylene Blue from Water

Akhi AA, Hasan A, Saha N, Howlader S, Bhattacharjee S, Dey K, Atique Ullah AK, Bhuiyan FR, Chakraborty AK, Akhtar US, Shaikh MA, Dey BK, Bhattacharjee S, Ganguli S

ACS Omega

15-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10831830
doi:	10.1021/acsomega.3c05992
PMID:	38313493

Recent progress in TiO2–biochar-based photocatalysts for water contaminants treatment: strategies to improve photocatalytic performance

Liu Y, Dai X, Li J, Cheng S, Zhang J, Ma Y

RSC Adv

02-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10759041
doi:	10.1039/d3ra06910a
PMID:	38173568

Magnetically‐actuated microcages for cells entrapment, fabricated by laser direct writing via two photon polymerization

Popescu RC, Calin BS, Tanasa E, Vasile E, Mihailescu M, Paun IA

Front Bioeng Biotechnol

19-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10758856
doi:	10.3389/fbioe.2023.1273277
PMID:	38170069

Ethnobotanical contributions to global fishing communities: a review

Mendoza JN, Hanazaki N, Prūse B, Martini A, Bittner MV, Kochalski S, Macusi E, Ciriaco A, Mattalia G, Sõukand R

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

02-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10693712
doi:	10.1186/s13002-023-00630-3
PMID:	38042774

Bacterial diversity on larval and female Mansonia spp. from different localities of Porto Velho, Rondonia, Brazil

Oliveira TM, Rojas MV, Amorim JA, Alonso DP, de Carvalho DP, Ribeiro KA, Sallum MA

PLoS One

27-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10681206
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0293946
PMID:	38011160

Exploring the morphological dynamics of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus Linn. 1758) in Victoria Nile as depicted from geometric morphometrics

Tibihika PD, Curto M, Meimberg H, Aruho C, Muganga G, Lugumira JS, Namulawa VT, Aanyu M, Ddungu R, Ondhoro CC, Okurut T

BMC Zool

23-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10668481
doi:	10.1186/s40850-023-00190-9
PMID:	37996889

Challenges and strategies for commercialization and widespread practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces

Li L, Wei J, Zhang J, Li B, Yang Y, Zhang J

Sci Adv

20-Oct-2023

PMCID:	PMC10588945
doi:	10.1126/sciadv.adj1554
PMID:	37862425

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Benzoic acid esters
Methyl benzoate	7150	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1	136.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid esters / p-Hydroxybenzoic acid alkyl esters
(3,4,5,6-Tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl)methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate	74323795	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O)O)O	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate	163194824	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)O)O)O)O)O)O	316.26	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
Protocatechuic acid, methyl ester	287064	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)O	168.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Cyclohexylphenols
Secoabietane dialdehyde	15404650	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C(C(=C1)C=O)C2(CCCC(C2C=O)(C)C)C)O	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
(+)-5-Dehydrosugiol	14827280	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C=C3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O	298.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
(4aR)-10-hydroxy-6-methoxy-1,1,4a-trimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-3,4-dihydro-2H-phenanthren-9-one	11163270	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)OC	328.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
(4bS,8aS,10S)-10-[(4-hydroxy-4-propan-2-ylcyclohexen-1-yl)methyl]-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthren-3-ol	72724973	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)CC4=CCC(CC4)(C(C)C)O)O	438.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
(4bS,8aS)-4b,8,8-trimethyl-2-propan-2-yl-5,6,7,8a,9,10-hexahydrophenanthrene-3,10-diol	23900078	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)O	302.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
11-Hydroxysugiol	10403490	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(=O)CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)O	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
14-deoxycoleon U	10735190	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)O)O	330.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
6-Hydroxy-1,1,4A-trimethyl-7-(propan-2-YL)-1,2,3,4,4A,9,10,10A-octahydrophenanthren-9-one	275529	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O	300.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
6-Hydroxy-5,6-dehydrosugiol	3009284	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)C(=C3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O)O	314.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
6,7-Dehydroferruginol	10978982	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O	284.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
8,8-dimethyl-2-propan-2-yl-6,7-dihydro-5H-phenanthren-3-ol	16069757	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C3=C(C=CC2=C1)C(CCC3)(C)C)O	268.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
Ferruginol	442027	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)CCC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O	286.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
Royleanone	442084	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C2=C(C(=O)C1=O)C3(CCCC(C3CC2)(C)C)C)O	316.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
Simonellite	176455	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C3=C(C=C2)C(CCC3)(C)C	252.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
Sugiol	94162	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C(=O)CC3C2(CCCC3(C)C)C)O	300.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Tanshinones, isotanshinones, and derivatives
1-Oxomiltirone	9971798	Click to see CC(C)C1=CC2=C(C3=C(C=C2)C(CCC3=O)(C)C)C(=O)C1=O	296.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
Peoniflorin	442534	Click to see CC12CC3(C4CC1(C4(C(O2)O3)COC(=O)C5=CC=CC=C5)OC6C(C(C(C(O6)CO)O)O)O)O	480.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones
(4aR,7aS)-7-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-4,4a,5,7a-tetrahydro-3H-cyclopenta[c]pyran-1-one	49788109	Click to see C1COC(=O)C2C1CC=C2COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O	330.33	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones / Diterpene lactones
7-O-Methylrosmanol	23243692	Click to see CC(C)C1=C(C(=C2C(=C1)C(C3C4C2(CCCC4(C)C)C(=O)O3)OC)O)O	360.40	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
methyl (E,6R)-6-[(1R,3R,6S,8S,11R,12S,13S,15R,16R,18R)-6,13-diacetyloxy-18-hydroxy-7,7,12,16-tetramethyl-15-pentacyclo[9.7.0.01,3.03,8.012,16]octadecanyl]-2-methylhept-2-enoate	162863514	Click to see CC(CCC=C(C)C(=O)OC)C1CC(C2(C1(CC(C34C2CCC5C3(C4)CCC(C5(C)C)OC(=O)C)O)C)C)OC(=O)C	586.80	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BMCL.2013.10.040
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
methyl 3-hydroxy-4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate	24814166	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
Methyl 3-hydroxy-4-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxybenzoate	74323794	Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C=C1)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)O	330.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
Caffeic Acid	689043	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)O)O)O	180.16	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
Methyl (2e)-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	19968653	Click to see COC(=O)C=CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)O)O	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
Methyl 3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	70134024	Click to see COC(=O)C=CC1=C(C=C(C=C1)O)O	194.18	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
[(1R,4S,5R,6S,7R,8S,9S)-4,5-dihydroxy-9-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undecan-6-yl] 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate	21588222	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)OC2C3CC4OCC(C3C(O4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)(C2O)O)O	530.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028
[4,5-Dihydroxy-9-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,10-dioxatricyclo[5.3.1.04,8]undecan-6-yl] 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate	73807428	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)OC2C3CC4OCC(C3C(O4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)(C2O)O)O	530.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYTOCHEM.2007.10.028

Biological Material Top

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Salvinia molesta

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top