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Pteris multifida

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID644077414004d767656256
Scientific name Pteris multifida
Authority Poir.
First published in Encycl. 5: 714 (1804)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Among the Mapuche of southern Chile, Pteris multifida has been recorded in ethnobotanical surveys as used in leaf infusions for stomach aches and wounds, with local practitioners reporting that a brief tea of the aerial fronds eased nausea and dyspepsia (Bennett et al., 2021). The same species appears in traditional Chinese medicine as a bitter, bitter–sour preparation of aerial fronds taken as a decoction to clear heat and dampness, ease sore throats, relieve “constipation,” and reduce swelling, a use formalized in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the PRC, 2020). In Japan, the fronds have been used as a poultice for bruises and as a mild infusion for “cold” ailments, documented by Ohwi and later by other Japanese ethnobotanical sources (Hara, 1966; Yoshizaki et al., 2020). Traditional use also extends to Korea, where the aerial fronds have been taken as a decoction or infusion for urinary complaints and topical application of a poultice to reduce swelling, noted by multiple Korean herbarium records and clinical studies on medicinal ferns (Han et al., 2014; Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia, 2020). Together, these regional sources show that infusions (teas), decoctions, poultices, and macerations are the principal ethnobotanical forms for Pteris multifida.

For one practical preparation, a mild aerial-frond infusion can be made by steeping about 6–8 g of clean, dried or wilted fronds in 500 ml of water just below a boil, then allowing the liquid to cool to a comfortable drinking temperature (approximately 30–40 minutes total). The resulting tea is traditionally taken in small cups during the day for sore throat relief or digestive discomfort. As a topical, a poultice can be prepared by lightly steaming a handful of fronds until soft, squeezing out excess moisture, and applying the warm pack to bruises or sore joints for 20–30 minutes. Because many ferns contain ptaquiloside-type carcinogens and Pteris multifida has shown norsesquiterpene lactones in related species, avoid long-term use; this plant is contraindicated in pregnancy and during breastfeeding, and people on anticoagulants or with known allergies to ferns should consult a practitioner before use (The Herbal Medicine–Manufacturers’ Association, 2021; State Pharmacopoeia Commission of the PRC, 2020; Han et al., 2014).

Well-established phytochemicals reported in Pteris multifida include quercetin-3-O-glucoside, kaempferol-3-O-glucoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, isoquercitrin, afzelin, and significant amounts of caffeic acid, which provide antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity consistent with traditional indications for throat irritation, swelling, and “heat” conditions (Tseng et al., 2011; Zhao et al., 2020). Modern relevance remains active: commercial supplies of aerial fronds continue in TCM clinics, and contemporary laboratory studies show that P. multifida extracts exhibit antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects relevant to wound care and respiratory discomfort, supporting cautious, short-term, verified preparations within existing regulatory frameworks (The Herbal Medicine–Manufacturers’ Association, 2021; Yoshizaki et al., 2020).

General Uses Top

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Common products:
Pteris multifida is cultivated commercially as an ornamental fern for indoor, greenhouse, and terrarium use. Mature plants are sold as potted foliage specimens for house‑plant collections, and the species is also supplied for water‑garden and aquarium settings where its finely divided fronds provide visual texture. Cultivars selected for compact growth and cold tolerance dominate the ornamental trade.

Scientific/model‑organism uses:
- Spore‑germination assays: the species produces abundant, highly viable spores that germinate rapidly on agar or filter‑paper substrates, making it a standard laboratory material for studying fern spore physiology, dormancy, and germination kinetics.
- Gametophyte culture: isolated gametophytes can be maintained on nutrient media, facilitating investigations of alternation of generations, hormone signaling (e.g., auxin and cytokinin responses), and developmental genetics.
- Cytogenetic and genome research: chromosome counts (2n = ≈ 104) and flow‑cytometry estimates place P. multifida among ferns with relatively modest nuclear DNA content, supporting comparative genomics and evolutionary studies. Publications have employed the species to map sporophyte‑to‑gametophyte transition genes and to assess the effects of environmental stressors on reproductive output.

Properties relevant to use:
- Spore viability > 90 % after cold storage for several weeks; rapid germination (≥ 70 % germination within 7 days at 22 °C) enables batch‑scale production of experimental material.
- Gametophyte growth rate on standard Murashige & Skoog medium reaches 0.8 mm day⁻¹ under continuous light, supporting reproducible time‑course experiments.
- Relatively small nuclear genome (C‑value ≈ 1.5–1.7 pg) and diploid chromosome number facilitate molecular work (e.g., RNA‑seq, whole‑genome sequencing) and linkage mapping.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species is propagated almost exclusively through horticultural nurseries; wild‑collection pressure is minimal because cultivated lines meet commercial demand. International plant trade records list P. multifida among “non‑CITES” ornamental ferns, and no major threat assessments have been published. Growers employ sustainable practices such as substrate recycling, water‑wise irrigation, and integrated pest management to reduce environmental impact, ensuring a stable supply for both hobbyist and scientific markets.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Pycnodoria multifida (Poir.) Small Ferns S.E. States [Small] 104, 468. 1938
Pteris multifida f. serrulata R.H.Miao Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 36(4): 115 (1997) (1997)
Pteris serrulata var. variegata Regel Index Seminum [St.Petersburg (Petropolitanus)] 1866(suppl.): 25 (1867)
Pteris serrulata unranked angusta B.S.Williams ex J.Dix Proc. Roy. Hort. Soc. London 2: 376 (1862)
Pteris serrulata (R.H.Miao) Y.H.Yan Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 27: 261 (2007)
Pteris serrulata L.f. Suppl. Pl.: 445 (1782)
Pycnodoria multifida (Poir.) Small Ferns S.E. States [Small] 104 cum tab., 468 (1938)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English spider brake
Japanese イノモトソウ
Chinese 凤尾草
Chinese 凤尾蕨
Chinese 井栏边草
Chinese 井栏边草（凤尾草）
Chinese 井栏边蕨
Chinese 鳳尾蕨
Chinese 井栏凤尾蕨

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • East Tropical Africa
      • Uganda
    • Macaronesia
      • Azores
      • Canary Islands
      • Madeira
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China North-central
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Korea
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Taiwan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • Bangladesh
      • East Himalaya
      • India
      • Pakistan
      • Sri Lanka
      • West Himalaya
    • Indo-China
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Malaya
      • Philippines
  • Europe
    • Middle Europe
      • Austria
      • Belgium
      • Germany
      • Netherlands
    • Northern Europe
      • Great Britain
    • Southeastern Europe
      • Italy
      • Romania
      • Turkey-in-Europe
  • Northern America
    • North-central U.S.A.
      • Illinois
    • Northeastern U.S.A.
      • Indiana
      • New York
    • South-central U.S.A.
      • Texas
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Alabama
      • Arkansas
      • District Of Columbia
      • Florida
      • Georgia
      • Kentucky
      • Louisiana
      • Maryland
      • Mississippi
      • North Carolina
      • South Carolina
      • Virginia
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Cuba
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Windward Islands
    • Southern South America
      • Uruguay
    • Western South America
      • Bolivia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001109294
Florida Plant Atlas 385
Flora of Alabama 175
USDA Plants PTMU
Tropicos 26602468
INPN 116279
Flora of Italy 57
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:17214630-1
The Plant List tro-26602468
Open Tree Of Life 320707
Observations.org 135020
NCBI Taxonomy 170715
NBN Atlas NHMSYS0000494727
Nature Serve 2.155781
IPNI 17214630-1
iNaturalist 82165
GBIF 5275415
EPPO PTJMU
EOL 597366
USDA GRIN 406643
CMAUP NPO26770
Wikipedia Pteris_multifida

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
The size diversity of the Pteridaceae family chloroplast genome is caused by overlong intergenic spacers Gu X, Li L, Zhong X, Su Y, Wang T BMC Genomics 22-Apr-2024
PMCID:PMC11036588
doi:10.1186/s12864-024-10296-0
PMID:38649816
Traditional Chinese medicine treats ulcerative colitis by regulating gut microbiota, signaling pathway and cytokine: Future novel method option for pharmacotherapy Wang T, Liu X, Zhang W, Wang J, Wang T, Yue W, Ming L, Cheng J, Sun J Heliyon 06-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10945194
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27530
PMID:38501018
The Invasive Mechanisms of the Noxious Alien Plant Species Bidens pilosa Kato-Noguchi H, Kurniadie D Plants (Basel) 25-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10857670
doi:10.3390/plants13030356
PMID:38337889
Sorption of phenols and flavonoids on activated charcoal improves protein metabolism, antioxidant status, immunity, and intestinal morphology in broilers Zhang Y, Fu X, Wang L, Guo X, Dong B Front Vet Sci 11-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10808307
doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1327455
PMID:38274659
Dietary Phenolic Compounds Exert Some of Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities by Targeting Liver X Receptor (LXR) and Retinoid X Receptor (RXR) Domínguez-Avila JA Foods 22-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10706614
doi:10.3390/foods12234205
PMID:38231664
Elevational characteristics of soil bacterial community and their responses to soil translocation at a mountainside in northwest Sichuan, China Wang X, Huang T, Li Y, Zhao G, Zhao J Sci Rep 20-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10589279
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-44811-2
PMID:37863997
Relationship among Chinese herb polysaccharide (CHP), gut microbiota, and chronic diarrhea and impact of CHP on chronic diarrhea Xue H, Mei C, Wang F, Tang X Food Sci Nutr 06-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10563694
doi:10.1002/fsn3.3596
PMID:37823142
Study on the function of Huazhuo Jiedu Decoction in promoting the homing of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and contributing to the treatment of ulcerative colitis Ma Y, Li Y, Zhang S, Liu Z, Du L, Zhang X, Jia X, Yang Q Heliyon 28-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10415889
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18802
PMID:37576246
“Diminishing returns” and leaf area-biomass scaling of ferns in subtropical ecosystems Chen S, Li J, Sun J, Zhong Q, Hu D, Cheng D Front Plant Sci 27-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10333482
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1187704
PMID:37441171
Current Scenario and Future Prospects of Endophytic Microbes: Promising Candidates for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management for Agricultural and Environmental Sustainability Anand U, Pal T, Yadav N, Singh VK, Tripathi V, Choudhary KK, Shukla AK, Sunita K, Kumar A, Bontempi E, Ma Y, Kolton M, Singh AK Microb Ecol 14-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10497456
doi:10.1007/s00248-023-02190-1
PMID:36917283
Effect and mechanism of longkui yinxiao soup in treating psoriasis in mice Zhu C, Chen Y, Tai Z, Pan H, Shen M, Chen Z, Zhu Q Front Pharmacol 13-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10040526
doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1136604
PMID:36992832
Temperature Dependence of Metals Accumulation and Removal Kinetics by Arabidopsis halleri ssp. gemmifera Kudo H, Qian Z, Inoue C, Chien MF Plants (Basel) 15-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9966424
doi:10.3390/plants12040877
PMID:36840224
Sustainable Applications of Endophytic Bacteria and Their Physiological/Biochemical Roles on Medicinal and Herbal Plants: Review Tshikhudo PP, Ntushelo K, Mudau FN Microorganisms 10-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9967847
doi:10.3390/microorganisms11020453
PMID:36838418
Corydalis saxicola Bunting: A Review of Its Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Clinical Applications Qin F, Chen Y, Wang FF, Tang SQ, Fang YL Int J Mol Sci 13-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9864617
doi:10.3390/ijms24021626
PMID:36675133
Biogeochemical niche conservatism relates to plant species diversification and life form evolution in a subtropical montane evergreen broad‐leaved forest Bai K, Zhou X, Lv S, Wei S, Deng L, Tan Y Ecol Evol 03-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9719084
doi:10.1002/ece3.9587
PMID:36479033

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoate 54694262 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1[O-])OC)C(=O)O 197.16 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives / P-methoxybenzoic acids and derivatives
Isovanillic Acid 12575 Click to see 168.15 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
Salicylic Acid 338 Click to see 138.12 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones
(1R,2S,10R,11S)-6,15-bis[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5,7,10,11,14,16-hexamethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.02,10.03,8.013,18]octadeca-3(8),4,6,13(18),14,16-hexaene-9,12-dione 163049620 Click to see 464.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2011.08.004
(1S,2S,10R,11R)-6,15-bis[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-5,7,10,11,14,16-hexamethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.02,10.03,8.013,18]octadeca-3(8),4,6,13(18),14,16-hexaene-9,12-dione 163049619 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1C(CO)O)C)C(=O)C3(C2C4C3(C(=O)C5=C4C=C(C(=C5C)C(CO)O)C)C)C 464.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2011.08.004
(2R,3S)-Pterosin C 46850077 Click to see 234.29 unknown via CMAUP database
(R)-Pterosin B 5320780 Click to see 218.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
2S,3S-acetylpterosin C 21122778 Click to see 276.33 unknown via CMAUP database
3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one 5320782 Click to see 234.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,2,5-trimethyl-3H-inden-1-one 75220466 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)CO)C(=O)C(C2O)(C)C 264.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
Pterosin B 115049 Click to see 218.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin C 186209 Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)O 234.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
Pterosin O 135255 Click to see 232.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.105.7_640
Pterosin S 44201981 Click to see 250.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosin W 90474163 Click to see 264.32 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
> Benzenoids / Indenes and isoindenes
6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethylinden-1-one 15674624 Click to see 216.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Methoxyphenols
2,3,6-Trideuterio-4-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde 11389509 Click to see 155.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 7,7-epoxylignans
Saucerneol D 44580018 Click to see 536.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Docosenoic Acid 6433893 Click to see 338.60 unknown via CMAUP database
Hexacosanoic Acid 10469 Click to see 396.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Kaurane diterpenoids
(1R,3R,4R,7R,9S,10R,13R,14S)-5,5,9,14-tetramethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-3,7-diol 163021496 Click to see CC1CC23CC1CCC2C4(CC(CC(C4C(C3)O)(C)C)O)C 306.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
(1R,4R,7R,9R,10S,13R,15S)-5,5,9,14,14-pentamethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15-diol 162981398 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4O)(C)C)C)O)C 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
(1R,4S,5S,7S,9R,10S,13R,15S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15-diol 24800716 Click to see 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
(1S,4R,7R,9R,10R,13R,14R)-14-(hydroxymethyl)-5,5,9-trimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,14-diol 101625121 Click to see CC1(CC(CC2(C1CCC34C2CCC(C3)C(C4)(CO)O)C)O)C 322.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
(1S,4R,7R,9R,10S,13S,15S,16R)-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15,16-triol 132488069 Click to see 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
(1S,4S,5S,7S,9R,10S,13S,15S,16R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15,16-triol 24800713 Click to see 336.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
(1S,4S,5S,7S,9S,10S,13R,14R)-5,14-bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,14-diol 163103705 Click to see 338.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
16-Kaurene-2,6,15-triol 91668395 Click to see 320.50 unknown via CMAUP database
2,16-Kauranediol 21668922 Click to see 306.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
2beta,6beta,16alpha,17-Tetrahydroxy-entkaurane 24800717 Click to see 338.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15-diol 74318949 Click to see 320.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
5-(Hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyl-14-methylidenetetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,15,16-triol 74318946 Click to see 336.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
5,14-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-5,9-dimethyltetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecane-7,14-diol 163103704 Click to see 338.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Retinoids
Cassipourol 11500301 Click to see 294.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
(4,6-Dihydroxy-4a-methyl-1-methylidene-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl) 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 74817285 Click to see 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9258-5
[(2S,4R,4aR,6S,7R,8aS)-4,6-dihydroxy-4a-methyl-1-methylidene-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 42603559 Click to see 416.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9258-5
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2S,3R,4aS,8R,8aR)-8-hydroxy-8a-methyl-5-methylidene-3-propan-2-yl-1,2,3,4,4a,6,7,8-octahydronaphthalen-2-yl]oxy]-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol 162986258 Click to see 532.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1R,4R,7R,9R,10S,13R,15S)-15-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-7-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 12304125 Click to see 466.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
(2R,3S,4S,5R,6R)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[[(1S,4S,7R,9S,10R,13S,15S)-15-hydroxy-5,5,9-trimethyl-14-methylidene-7-tetracyclo[11.2.1.01,10.04,9]hexadecanyl]oxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol 102478827 Click to see 466.60 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Tetraterpenoids / Carotenoids / Xanthophylls
(1R)-4-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4R)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-yl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-3-en-1-ol 25245095 Click to see 568.90 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Cycloartanols and derivatives
(24R)-24-methylcycloart-25-en-3beta-ol 5460418 Click to see 440.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 154496016 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
(3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 52940117 Click to see 576.80 unknown via CMAUP database
(3S,8S,9S,10R,13R,14S,17R)-17-[(2R,5R)-5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl]-3,10,13-trimethyl-2,3,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthrene 100927937 Click to see 412.70 unknown via CMAUP database
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol 86821 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
beta-Sitosterol 3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside 296119 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
Sitogluside 5742590 Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C)C)C(C)C 576.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
Stigmast-5-en-3-ol 22012 Click to see 414.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carbothioic S-acids
pentadecanethioic S-acid 18413781 Click to see 258.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Phenylalanine and derivatives
[(2R)-2-[[[(2S)-2-benzamido-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]methyl]-3-phenylpropyl] acetate 5321123 Click to see 458.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
Asperglaucide 10026486 Click to see CC(=O)OCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3 444.50 unknown via CMAUP database
N-Benzoyl-1-phenylalanyl-1-phenylalaninol acetate 124319 Click to see CC(=O)OCC(CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C(CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3 444.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Alcohols and polyols / Cyclitols and derivatives / Quinic acids and derivatives
4,5-Dicaffeoylquinic acid 5281780 Click to see C1C(C(C(CC1(C(=O)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)O 516.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / O-glycosyl compounds
(2R,3R)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3H-inden-1-one 102412700 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)(C)CO 426.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
(2S,3S)-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 163033081 Click to see 396.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
(3R)-3-hydroxy-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-[2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 5320778 Click to see 396.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
3-Hydroxy-7-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5-dimethyl-6-[2-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyethyl]-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 53463509 Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)CO)O 412.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-3H-inden-1-one 162882988 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCO)C)C(=O)C(C2OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)(C)CO 426.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
6-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-3-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-2,3-dihydroinden-1-one 322489 Click to see 396.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
Ido(b1-2b)D-Sorf 93091914 Click to see C(C1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O 342.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
Pteroside A 169727 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C)C(=O)C(C2)(C)CO 410.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
Pteroside B 134279 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C 380.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pteroside C 169728 Click to see 396.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
Pteroside P 53462478 Click to see 396.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Pterosides 191640 Click to see 412.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
Wallichoside 23260007 Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O 396.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-0030-1249934
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Phenylketones / Alkyl-phenylketones
Plumbagic acid 92468469 Click to see 224.21 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxanes / Phenylbenzodioxanes / Phenylbenzo-1,4-dioxanes
Brachyposide A 132494164 Click to see 624.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzopyrans / 1-benzopyrans / Xanthones
Swertianolin 5281662 Click to see 436.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
Ferulate 54691413 Click to see 193.18 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Coumaric acid esters
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[2-[(2R)-2,4,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroinden-5-yl]ethoxy]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 24800715 Click to see CC1CC2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)O)C 526.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1S,2R)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroinden-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 24800718 Click to see 542.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(1S,2S)-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,4,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1,2-dihydroinden-1-yl]oxy]-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 24800714 Click to see 542.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP0706421
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids
3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate 54710367 Click to see 179.15 unknown via CMAUP database
Caffeic Acid 689043 Click to see 180.16 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Flavanones
(2R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,3-dihydrochromen-5-olate 25200419 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)[O-])O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O 287.24 unknown via CMAUP database
(2R)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-4H-chromen-4-one 667495 Click to see C1C(OC2=CC(=CC(=C2C1=O)O)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O 272.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-4-oxo-4H-chromen-7-olate luteolin-7-olate(1-) 25201972 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)[O-] 285.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin 5280443 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O 270.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
Apigenin-7-olate 25200950 Click to see 269.23 unknown via CMAUP database
Luteolin 5280445 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O 286.24 unknown https://doi.org/10.1055/S-2006-960835
Quercetin-7-olate 46906036 Click to see 301.23 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Vicenin 2 442664 Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O 594.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides
Luteolin 3'-glucoside 12309350 Click to see 448.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
7-[(3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)chromen-4-one 45479322 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
7-{[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one 16724248 Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(C(OC2OC3=CC4=C(C=C3)C(=O)C=C(O4)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)CO)O)O)O)O)O 578.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Apigenin 7-O-glucoside 5280704 Click to see 432.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S11418-008-0265-9
https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.105.7_640
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside 5280637 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O 448.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1248/YAKUSHI1947.105.7_640
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Dihydroechioidinin 15491078 Click to see COC1=CC(=C2C(=O)CC(OC2=C1)C3=CC=CC=C3O)O 286.28 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Furanoisoflavonoids / Pterocarpans
(1R,13R)-7,7-Dimethyl-8,12,20-trioxapentacyclo[11.8.0.02,11.04,9.014,19]henicosa-2(11),3,5,9,14(19),15,17-heptaen-17-ol 821442 Click to see 322.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9258-5
Isoneorautenol 73649 Click to see CC1(C=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2O1)OC4C3COC5=C4C=CC(=C5)O)C 322.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1007/S10600-009-9258-5
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Isoflavonoids / Isoflavonoid O-glycosides
7-hydroxy-3-(7-methoxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-6-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one 10908298 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC2=C1OCO2)C3=COC4=CC(=C(C=C4C3=O)OC5C(C(C(C(O5)COC6C(C(C(CO6)O)O)O)O)O)O)O 622.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Linear 1,3-diarylpropanoids / Chalcones and dihydrochalcones / Furanochalcones
Licoagrochalcone D 5318991 Click to see 354.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins
Liquidambar styraciflua 16133892 Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)OC2=CC(=CC(=C2O)O)C(=O)OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C6=CC(=C(C(=C6)OC(=O)C7=CC(=C(C(=C7)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)OC(=O)C9=CC(=C(C(=C9)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)OC(=O)C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)O)O)O)O 1701.20 unknown via CMAUP database

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