Acrostichum aureum, also known as the golden leather fern, is a large fern species commonly found in tropical and sub-tropical areas around the world. It grows in wet locations such as mangrove swamps, salt marshes, and river banks, and is tolerant of raised salinity levels. The fern has large, glossy fronds that can reach up to 1.8 meters in length, with dark green, leathery leaves. It is a fast-growing plant that is able to regenerate easily, making it a common and resilient species. The fern has various uses, such as being consumed as a delicacy in some cultures, and can be cultivated in garden soil or potting mix as long as it is kept constantly wet. Overall, the golden leather fern is considered to be of least concern in terms of conservation status due to its widespread distribution and ability to thrive in disturbed areas.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Acrostichum emarginatum	Buch.; Roxb.	Calcutta J. Nat. Hist. 4: 480 (1844)
Acrostichum fasciculatum	(Fourn.) C.Chr.	Index Filic. : 9 (1905)
Acrostichum urvillei	C.Presl	Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 6: 181 (1851)
Acrostichum wightianum	C.Presl	Tent. Pterid. 241. 1836 (1836)
Chrysodium fasciculatum	E.Fourn.	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 5, 18: 272 (1873)
Chrysodium urvillei	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. 100, t. 60 (1845)
Chrysodium aureum	Mett.	Fil. Hort. Bot. Lips. : 21 (1856)
Acrostichum inaequale	Willd.	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 5: 117 (1810)
Acrostichum guineense	Carruth.	Cat. Afr. Pl. 2 [2]. 276. 1901 (1901)
Acrostichum juglandifolium	Kaulf.	Enum. Filic. : 65 (1824)
Hemionitis arifolia	(Burm.f.) T.Moore	Index Fil. : 114 (1859)
Chrysodium vulgare	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. : 97 (1845)
Chrysodium inaequale	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. : 100 (1845)
Asplenium arifolium	Burm.f.	Fl. Ind. : 231 (1768)
Gymnogramma arifolia	(Burm.f.) Kuhn	Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 283 (1869)
Parahemionitis arifolia	(Burm.f.) Panigrahi	Indian Fern J. 9: 244 (1992 publ. 1993)
Acrostichum formosum	C.Presl	Delic. Prag. 1: 160 (1822)
Chrysodium cayennense	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. 100, t. 59 (1845)
Chrysodium sculpturatum	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. 100, t. 61 (1845)
Chrysodium hirsutum	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. 99, t. 62, f. 2 (1845)
Polystichum emarginatum	(Willd.) T.Moore	Index Fil. : 91 (1858)
Aspidium emarginatum	Willd.	Sp. Pl., ed. 4 , 5: 235 (1810)
Polystichum dissimulans	Maxon	Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 31, pl. 4 (1909)
Acrostichum obliquum	Blume	Enum. Pl. Javae 2: 101 (1828)
Acrostichum rigens	C.Presl	Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 6: 180 (1851)
Acrostichum cayennense	C.Presl	Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss. , ser. 5, 6: 181 (1851)
Chrysodium speciosum	Fée	Mém. Foug., 2. Hist. Acrostich. : 101 (1845)
Chrysodium vulgare var. rigens	Fée	Mém. Foug. 2: 98 1845
Acrostichum aureum var. urvillei	(C.Presl) T.Moore	Index Filicum 3 1857

Common names Top

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Language	Common/alternative name
English	golden leatherfern
English	leather fern
English	golden leather fern
Spanish	ranconcha
ace	pi
dv	ތެލަ
Persian	سرخس مرداب
French	fougère dorée
Indonesian	paku laut
Igbo	golden leather fern
Japanese	ミミモチシダ
Malayalam	മച്ചിത്തോൽ
Burmese	ငှက်ကြီးတောင်ပင်
su	paku hata diuk
Thai	ปรงไข่
Chinese	卤蕨
Chinese	鹵蕨
Chinese	金蕨

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Africa click to expand
- East Tropical Africa
  - Kenya
  - Tanzania
- South Tropical Africa
  - Angola
  - Mozambique
  - Zambia
  - Zimbabwe
- Southern Africa
  - Cape Provinces
  - Kwazulu-Natal
- West Tropical Africa
  - Gambia
  - Ghana
  - Guinea
  - Guinea-Bissau
  - Ivory Coast
  - Liberia
  - Nigeria
  - Senegal
  - Sierra Leone
- West-central Tropical Africa
  - Cameroon
  - Equatorial Guinea
  - Gabon
  - Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  - Zaïre
- Western Indian Ocean
  - Comoros
  - Madagascar
  - Mauritius
  - Réunion

Asia-temperate click to expand
- Arabian Peninsula
  - Saudi Arabia
- China
  - China South-central
  - China Southeast
  - Hainan
- Eastern Asia
  - Nansei-shoto
  - Taiwan

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Bangladesh
  - India
  - Sri Lanka
- Indo-China
  - Andaman Islands
  - Cambodia
  - Laos
  - Myanmar
  - Nicobar Nicobar
  - Thailand
  - Vietnam
- Malesia
  - Lesser Sunda Islands
  - Malaya
  - Philippines
  - Sulawesi
- Papuasia
  - Bismarck Archipelago
  - New Guinea
  - Solomon Islands

Australasia click to expand
- Australia
  - Northern Territory
  - Queensland

Northern America click to expand
- Mexico
  - Mexico Gulf
  - Mexico Northeast
  - Mexico Southeast
  - Mexico Southwest
- Southeastern U.S.A.
  - Florida

Pacific click to expand
- Northwestern Pacific
  - Caroline Islands
  - Marianas
- South-central Pacific
  - Cook Islands
  - Society Islands
  - Tubuai Islands
- Southwestern Pacific
  - Fiji
  - New Caledonia
  - Niue
  - Samoa
  - Tonga
  - Vanuatu
  - Wallis-Futuna Islands

Southern America click to expand
- Brazil
  - Brazil Northeast
  - Brazil South
  - Brazil Southeast
- Caribbean
  - Bahamas
  - Cayman Islands
  - Cuba
  - Dominican Republic
  - Haiti
  - Jamaica
  - Leeward Islands
  - Puerto Rico
  - Trinidad-Tobago
  - Turks-caicos Islands
  - Windward Islands
- Central America
  - Belize
  - Central American Pacific
  - Costa Rica
  - Guatemala
  - Honduras
  - Nicaragua
  - Panamá
- Northern South America
  - French Guiana
  - Guyana
  - Suriname
  - Venezuela
- Western South America
  - Colombia
  - Ecuador
  - Galápagos
  - Peru

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0001107183
Florida Plant Atlas	3611
USDA Plants	ACAU3
Tropicos	26600001
INPN	447950
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:319061-2
The Plant List	tro-26600001
PaleoBotany	99733
Open Tree Of Life	190945
Observations.org	209562
NCBI Taxonomy	29594
Nature Serve	2.160827
IUCN Red List	177110
IPNI	319061-2
iNaturalist	136915
GBIF	2651706
Freebase	/m/0n53rzb
EPPO	AOHAU
Elurikkus	268865
USDA GRIN	312513
Wikipedia	Acrostichum_aureum
CMAUP	NPO13765

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Current Status of Indole-Derived Marine Natural Products: Synthetic Approaches and Therapeutic Applications

Fernández S, Arnáiz V, Rufo D, Arroyo Y

Mar Drugs

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10971852
doi:	10.3390/md22030126
PMID:	38535467

Whole Genome Duplication Events Likely Contributed to the Aquatic Adaptive Evolution of Parkerioideae

Wang M, Zhang R, Shu JP, Zheng XL, Wu XY, Chen JB, Wang MN, Shen H, Yan YH

Plants (Basel)

14-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10893450
doi:	10.3390/plants13040521
PMID:	38498522

Eocene (50–55 Ma) greenhouse climate recorded in nonmarine rocks of San Diego, CA, USA

Broz AP, Pritchard-Peterson D, Spinola D, Schneider S, Retallack G, Silva LC

Sci Rep

31-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10830502
doi:	10.1038/s41598-024-53210-0
PMID:	38297060

Cytotoxic Compounds from Marine Fungi: Sources, Structures, and Bioactivity

Gao Y, Wang J, Meesakul P, Zhou J, Liu J, Liu S, Wang C, Cao S

Mar Drugs

28-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10890532
doi:	10.3390/md22020070
PMID:	38393041

Detection of a bibenzyl core scaffold in 28 common mangrove and associate species of the Indian Sundarbans: potential signature molecule for mangrove salinity stress acclimation

Sarkar B, Kotal HN, Giri CK, Mandal A, Hudait N, Madhu NR, Saha S, Basak SK, Sengupta J, Ray K

Front Plant Sci

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10824835
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2023.1291805
PMID:	38293624

An Updated Review of Fossil Pollen Evidence for the Study of the Origin, Evolution and Diversification of Caribbean Mangroves

Rull V

Plants (Basel)

14-Nov-2023

PMCID:	PMC10674848
doi:	10.3390/plants12223852
PMID:	38005749

Assessment of soil respiration process in a mangrove swamp of Panama's Bay

Gómez NA, Rodríguez L, López Serrano FR, Pinzón R

Heliyon

11-Jul-2023

PMCID:	PMC10372315
doi:	10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18189
PMID:	37519757

Spatio-temporal variation of water salinity in mangroves revealed by continuous monitoring and its relationship to floristic diversity

Wang W, Xin K, Chen Y, Chen Y, Jiang Z, Sheng N, Liao B, Xiong Y

Plant Divers

16-Jun-2023

PMCID:	PMC10851289
doi:	10.1016/j.pld.2023.06.006
PMID:	38343595

Promising effect of Geranium robertianum L. leaves and Aloe vera gel powder on Aspirin®-induced gastric ulcers in Wistar rats: anxiolytic behavioural effect, antioxidant activity, and protective pathways

Bawish BM, Rabab MA, Gohari ST, Khattab MS, AbdElkader NA, Elsharkawy SH, Ageez AM, Zaki MM, Kamel S, Ismail EM

Inflammopharmacology

15-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10692037
doi:	10.1007/s10787-023-01205-0
PMID:	37184667

Does mangrove vegetation structure reflect human utilization of ecosystem goods and services?

Asante F, Hugé J, Asare NK, Dahdouh-Guebas F

iScience

11-May-2023

PMCID:	PMC10225922
doi:	10.1016/j.isci.2023.106858
PMID:	37255662

A New Species of Box Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Tripedaliidae: Tripedalia) from Hong Kong, China

Sun Y, Tsui JH, Wong RT, Cheung RN, Ng MK, Or CK, Qiu JW

Zool Stud

20-Mar-2023

PMCID:	PMC10165347
doi:	10.6620/ZS.2023.62-17
PMID:	37168712

Pestalotioid Species Associated with Medicinal Plants in Southwest China and Thailand

Sun YR, Jayawardena RS, Sun JE, Wang Y

Microbiol Spectr

10-Jan-2023

PMCID:	PMC9927317
doi:	10.1128/spectrum.03987-22
PMID:	36625649

Responses of Caribbean Mangroves to Quaternary Climatic, Eustatic, and Anthropogenic Drivers of Ecological Change: A Review

Rull V

Plants (Basel)

13-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9786987
doi:	10.3390/plants11243502
PMID:	36559614

Insights into Bacterial Communities and Diversity of Mangrove Forest Soils along the Upper Gulf of Thailand in Response to Environmental Factors

Nimnoi P, Pongsilp N

Biology (Basel)

08-Dec-2022

PMCID:	PMC9775068
doi:	10.3390/biology11121787
PMID:	36552296

Plastome phylogenomic analysis reveals evolutionary divergences of Polypodiales suborder Dennstaedtiineae

Lu JM, Du XY, Kuo LY, Ebihara A, Perrie LR, Zuo ZY, Shang H, Chang YH, Li DZ

BMC Plant Biol

02-Nov-2022

PMCID:	PMC9628275
doi:	10.1186/s12870-022-03886-1
PMID:	36319964

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives / Gallic acids
Gallic Acid	370	Click to see C1=C(C=C(C(=C1O)O)O)C(=O)O	170.12	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Terphenyls / P-terphenyls
3-Hydroxyterphenyllin	191796	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	354.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
3,3''-Dihydroxyterphenyllin	10429220	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C=C2)O)O)OC)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	370.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
4''-Dehydro-3-hydroxyterphenyllin	53262867	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
4''-Deoxyterphenyllin	57345621	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=CC=C2)OC)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	322.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylterphenyllin	23630784	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)OC)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)C	406.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylterphenyllin A	53262866	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2OC)O)C3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)OC)O)C	422.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylterphenyllin B	53356515	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2OC)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)C	406.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylterphenyllin C	53354805	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)OC)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)O)C	422.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Terphenyllin	100437	Click to see COC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1)C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)OC)O)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O	338.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Terprenin	9932003	Click to see CC(=CCOC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C2=C(C=C(C(=C2O)OC)C3=CC=C(C=C3)O)OC)O)C	422.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Indanes / Indanones
(2R,3S)-sulfated pterosin C, (+)-	54672170	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOS(=O)(=O)O)C)O	314.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2004598
(2R)-pterosin P	70698132	Click to see CC1CC2=CC(=C(C(=C2C1=O)C)CCO)CO	234.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2004598
(2S,3S)-Sulfated pterosin C	54669844	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCOS(=O)(=O)O)C)O	314.36	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2004598
3-hydroxy-6-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,5,7-trimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one	5320782	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)O	234.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2004598
Pterosin C	186209	Click to see CC1C(C2=C(C1=O)C(=C(C(=C2)C)CCO)C)O	234.29	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1021/NP2004598
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Fatty Acyls / Fatty acids and conjugates / Very long-chain fatty acids
Lignoceric Acid	11197	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O	368.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(4R,4aS,6aR,6aS,6bR,8aR,12aR,14aS,14bR)-4,4a,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14a-octamethyl-2,4,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,12,12a,13,14,14b-tetradecahydro-1H-picen-3-one	7067822	Click to see CC1C(=O)CCC2C1(CCC3C2(CCC4(C3(CCC5(C4CC(CC5)(C)C)C)C)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Lupeol	259846	Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C1C3CCC4C5(CCC(C(C5CCC4(C3(CC2)C)C)(C)C)O)C)C	426.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
Ursolic Acid	64945	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C(=O)O	456.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Hydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives / Pentahydroxy bile acids, alcohols and derivatives
Ponasterone A	115127	Click to see CC(C)CCC(C(C)(C1CCC2(C1(CCC3C2=CC(=O)C4C3(CC(C(C4)O)O)C)C)O)O)O	464.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
Beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Phenylbenzofurans
Candidusin A	24011606	Click to see COC1=C2C3=CC(=C(C=C3OC2=C(C(=C1)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)OC)O)O	352.30	unknown	via CMAUP database
Candidusin C	56659541	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=C3C4=CC(=C(C=C4OC3=C2OC)O)O)OC	366.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylcandidusin A	53354806	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C3C4=CC(=C(C=C4OC3=C2OC)O)O)OC)O)C	420.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylcandidusin B	53262877	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C3C4=CC(=C(C=C4OC3=C2OC)OC)OC)OC)O)C	448.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Prenylcandidusin C	53354807	Click to see CC(=CCC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=CC(=C3C4=CC(=C(C=C4OC3=C2OC)OC)O)OC)O)C	434.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides
Isoquercetin	5280804	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	464.40	unknown	via CMAUP database

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Acrostichum aureum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Description Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Biological Material Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top