Pinus mugo

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Details Top

Internal ID	UUID64400229cb914854366053
Scientific name	Pinus mugo
Authority	Turra
First published in	Giorn. Italia Sci. Nat. 1: 152 (1764)

Description Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Pinus magellensis	Schouw	Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. , sér. 3, 3: 233 (1845)
Pinus echinata	hort. ex Carrière	Traité Gén. Conif. : 370 (1855)
Pinus digenea	Wettst.	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 108 (1889)
Pinus fischeri	Booth ex Lodd.	Cat. Pl. (Loddiges) ed. (1836); P. Laws. Man. Conif. 333.
Pinus squamosa	Bosc ex Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2292. 1838 (1838)
Pinus rubriflora	Loudon ex Gordon & Glend.	Pinetum : 172 (1858)
Pinus rostrata	hort. ex K.Koch	Dendrologie 2(2): 280 (1873)
Pinus wettsteinii	Fritsch	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 153 (1889)
Pinus montana	Mill.	Gard. Dict. ed. 8 : n.º 5 (1768)
Pinus mugho	Laichard.	Man. Bot. 2: 441. 1794 (1794)
Pinus mughus	Scop.	Fl. Carniol. , ed. 2, 2: 247 (1772)
Pinus mugo f. applanata	(Willk.) K.I.Chr.	Nordic J. Bot. 7: 392 (1987)
Pinus mugo subsp. pumilio	(Haenke) A.E.Murray	Kalmia 13: 23. 1983
Pinus pumilio	Haenke	Beobacht. Ries. Riesengeb. : 68 (1791)
Pinus sylvestris var. montana	(Mill.) Aiton	Hort. Kew. 3: 366 (1789)
Pinus montana subsp. mughus	(Scop.) Willk.	Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 177. 1872 (1872)
Pinus montana var. mughus	(Scop.) Gremli	Excursionsfl. Schweiz ed. 4: 453. 1881
Pinus mugo var. mughus	(Scop.) Zenari	Bull. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1921: 65.
Pinus mugo subsp. mughus	(Scop.) Domin	Preslia 13-15: 13. 1935 (1935)
Pinus sylvestris var. pumilio	(Haenke) Gaudin	Baier. Fl. 10: 230. 1789
Pinus mughus var. pumilio	(Haenke) K.Koch	Flora 23: 669. 1840
Pinus montana var. pumilio	(Haenke) Spach	Hist. Nat. Vég. 11: 380. 1841
Pinus uncinata var. pumilio	(Haenke) Mathieu	Fl. Forest. ed. 2: 393. 1860
Pinus montana subsp. pumilio	(Haenke) Celak.	Prodr. Fl. Böhmen 18. 1867 (1867)
Pinus mugo var. pumilio	(Haenke) Zenari	Boll. Soc. Bot. Ital. 1921: 65 1921
Pinus pumilio var. oblongata	Ten.	Fl. Napol. 5: 268. 1836
Pinus pumilio var. fischeri	Booth ex Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186. 1838
Pinus pumilio var. rubriflora	Loudon	Arbor. Frutic. Brit. 4: 2186. 1838
Pinus mughus var. decumbens	Grab.	Fl. Ober-Schlesien 266. 1843
Pinus mughus var. impressa	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. applanata	Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharand 40: 226 1861
Pinus pumilio var. gibba	Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 226. 1861
Pinus montana var. gibba	(Willk.) Christ	Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 23: 231 1865
Pinus montana var. impressa	(Hartig ex Willk.) Dalla Torre & Sarnth.	Farn- u. Blütenpfl. Tirol. 1: 112 1906
Pinus montana var. applanata	(Willk.) Willk.	Forstl. Fl. Deutschl. Oesterr. 177 1872
Pinus mughus var. bicolor	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. brevispina	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. depressa	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. laeta	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. leptoclada	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. longispina	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. lutescens	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. macroptera	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus mughus var. rufa	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 234. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. atrata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. cinnamomea	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. echinata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 226. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. ferruginea	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. fursa	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. incurva	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. limbata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. marginata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. nitida	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. phaeoptera	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. pura	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. repressa	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. revoluta	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. striata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. turbinata	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. variabilis	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 224. 1861
Pinus pumilio var. virens	Hartig ex Willk.	Jahrb. Königl. Sächs. Akad. Forst- Landwirte Tharandt 40: 225. 1861
Pinus obliqua var. centrapedunculata	Woerl.	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 9 1885
Pinus montana var. centrapedunculata	(Woerl.) Woerl.	Ber. Bayer. Bot. Ges. 3: 182 1893
Pinus montana var. pyramidalis	Schröt.	Biblioth. Universelle Rev. Suisse sér. 3, 14: 280. 1885
Pinus pumilio var. nasuta	Beck	Ann. K. K. Naturhist. Hofmus. 5: 553. 1890
Pinus montana var. arborea	Tubeuf	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143. 1912
Pinus montana subsp. arborea	(Tubeuf) Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 1: 147. 1935 (1935)
Pinus montana var. frutescens-erecta	Tubeuf	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143. 1912
Pinus montana var. prostrata	Tubeuf	Mitt. Deutsch. Dendrol. Ges. 21: 143. 1912
Pinus montana subsp. prostrata	(Tubeuf) Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 1: 147. 1935 (1935)
Pinus montana subsp. frutescens-erecta	(Tubeuf) Hegi	Ill. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. ed. 2, 1: 147. 1935 (1935)
Pinus mugo var. arborea	(Tubeuf) Hyl.	Bot. Not. 1953: 352 1953
Pinus mughus f. applanata	(Willk.) Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 4 1890
Pinus mughus f. pumilio	(Haenke) Hayek	Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 30(1): 43 1924
Pinus mugo var. nana	Loudon ex Gordon	Pinetum 173 1858
Pinus sylvestris var. mugho	Chaix ex Vill.	Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 3: 805. 1789
Pinus montana f. slavinii	Hornibr.	Gard. Chron. III, 81: 147 1927
Pinus mugo f. slavinii	(Hornibr.) Rehder	Bibl. Cult. Trees 36 1949
Pinus mugo var. compacta	D.Hill	Hill's Evergreens ed. 1924: 30.
Pinus mugo f. compacta	(D.Hill) Rehder	Bibl. Cult. Trees 37 1949
Pinus mughus var. pumilio	(Haenke) Beck	Fl. Nieder-Österreich 1: 4 1890
Pinus pumilio	(Haenke) Franco	Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 67(1): 2 1963
Pinus applanata	(Booth ex Loudon) Willk.	117 117 1872
Pinus obliqua var. centrapedunculata	Woerl.	Deutsche Bot. Monatsschr. 3: 9–10 9-10 1885
Pinus wettsteinii	Fritsch	Oesterr. Bot. Z. 39: 153 (1889)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
English	creeping pine
English	mountain pine
English	scrub mountain pine
English	swiss mountain pine
English	dwarf mountainpine
Spanish	pino de montaña
Spanish	pino negro
Arabic	صنوبر قزمي
Arabic	صنوبر موغو
Arabic	زيت الصنوبر
Arabic	صنوبر موجو
Arabic	صنوبر بري
Belarusian	Хвоя горная
Bulgarian	клек
Catalan	pi negre
Czech	borovice kleč
Czech	borovice horská
Czech	kleč
Czech	kosodřevina
Welsh	pinwydden y mynydd
Danish	dværgfyr
Danish	bjergfyr
Danish	bjerg-fyr 'mops'
Danish	bjerg-fyr
German	bergkiefer
German	berg-kiefer
German	bergföhre
German	krummholz-kiefer
German	krüppelkiefer
German	latschen-kiefer
German	latschenkiefer
German	legföhre
German	legforche
German	legkiefer
Esperanto	monta pino
Esperanto	montara pino
Estonian	mägimänd
Basque	mugo pinu
Persian	کاج مشهد
Finnish	vuorimänty
French	pin de montagne
French	pin des montagnes
French	pin de montagnes
Hebrew	אורן ההרים
Croatian	planinski bor
Croatian	bor krivulj
Upper Sorbian	hórska chójna
Hungarian	havasi törpefenyő
Hungarian	törpefenyő
Indonesian	tusam gunung
Icelandic	fjallafura
Italian	pino uncinato
Italian	pino mugo
Italian	pino di montagna
Italian	pini mughi
Italian	mugo
Japanese	スイスコウザンマツ
Japanese	スイスミヤママツ
Japanese	ムゴマツ
Japanese	モンタナマツ
koi	Керӧс пожум
lld	barantl
Lithuanian	kalninė pušis
Macedonian	Планински бор
Macedonian	Кривул
Norwegian Bokmål	buskfuru
Dutch	bergden
Polish	kosodrzewina
Polish	kosodrzew
Polish	sosna kosodrzewina
Polish	sosna górska
Polish	kosówka właściwa
Portuguese	pinheiro-anão
Portuguese	pinheiro-das-montanhas
Romansh	tieu da muntogna
Romanian	jneapăn
Russian	Сосна горная
Samogitian	kalnėnė pošis
Samogitian	kalnėnė pošės
Slovak	kosodrevina
Slovak	borovica horská
Slovenian	ruševje
Slovenian	rušje
Serbian	Бор кривуљ
Swedish	bergtall
Turkish	dağ çamı
udm	Гурезь пужым
Ukrainian	сосна гірська
Ukrainian	жереп
Ukrainian	гірська сосна
vec	muga
vec	pino mugo
Chinese	欧洲山松
Chinese	歐洲山松
Chinese	中欧山松

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Sow seeds at 20°C, expecting germination within 3 months without further temperature treatment.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Europe click to expand
- Eastern Europe
  - Baltic States
  - Ukraine
- Middle Europe
  - Austria
  - Czechoslovakia
  - Germany
  - Poland
  - Switzerland
- Northern Europe
  - Denmark
  - Great Britain
  - Ireland
  - Norway
  - Sweden
- Southeastern Europe
  - Albania
  - Bulgaria
  - Italy
  - Romania
  - Yugoslavia
- Southwestern Europe
  - France

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000481789
UNII	70NG103A8W
Cornell Woody Plants	177
Canadensys	7188
USDA Plants	PIMU80
UConn	326
Tropicos	24900112
INPN	113682
Flora of Italy	157
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:677083-1
The Plant List	kew-2562441
Missouri Botanical Garden	284978
Open Tree Of Life	1069751
Observations.org	7194
NCBI Taxonomy	28528
NBN Atlas	NBNSYS0000014081
Nature Serve	2.130629
IUCN Red List	42385
IPNI	677083-1
iNaturalist	135727
GBIF	5285385
Freebase	/m/028mfg
EPPO	PIUMU
EOL	1061737
Elurikkus	6301
US Library of Congress	sh85088277
USDA GRIN	28493
Wikipedia	Pinus_mugo
CMAUP	NPO18735

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

A dataset of 40’000 trees with section-wise measured stem diameter and branch volume from across Switzerland

Didion M, Herold A, Thürig E, Topuz S, Vulovic Z, Abegg M, Nitzsche J, Stillhard J, Glatthorn J

Sci Data

09-May-2024

PMCID:	PMC11082132
doi:	10.1038/s41597-024-03336-7
PMID:	38724536

Last-Century Forest Dynamics in a Highland Pyrenean National Park and Implications for Conservation

Rull V, Blasco A, Sigro J, Vegas-Vilarrúbia T

Plants (Basel)

19-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11054021
doi:	10.3390/plants13081144
PMID:	38674553

The Greuter Herbarium in Palermo: An Inventory of Its Type Specimens Available Online, with Some Thoughts on Type Terminology (Occasional Papers from the Herbarium Greuter, N° 5)

Greuter W

Plants (Basel)

12-Apr-2024

PMCID:	PMC11053905
doi:	10.3390/plants13081086
PMID:	38674494

Importance of Habitat Context in Modelling Risk Maps for Two Established Invasive Alien Plant Species: The Case of Ailanthus altissima and Phytolacca americana in Slovenia (Europe)

de Groot M, Kozamernik E, Kermavnar J, Kolšek M, Marinšek A, Nève Repe A, Kutnar L

Plants (Basel)

19-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10974566
doi:	10.3390/plants13060883
PMID:	38592890

First Morpho-Functional Assessment of Immature Stages of Pelecocera Species (Diptera: Syrphidae) Feeding on False Truffles

Orengo-Green JJ, Marcos-García MÁ, Carstensen LB, Ricarte A

Insects

13-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10970922
doi:	10.3390/insects15030191
PMID:	38535386

Saving the local tradition: ethnobotanical survey on the use of plants in Bologna district (Italy)

Chiocchio I, Marincich L, Mandrone M, Trincia S, Tarozzi C, Poli F

J Ethnobiol Ethnomed

12-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10936038
doi:	10.1186/s13002-024-00664-1
PMID:	38475780

Proton relaxometry of tree leaves at hypogeomagnetic fields

Fabricant AM, Put P, Barskiy DA

Front Plant Sci

08-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10957608
doi:	10.3389/fpls.2024.1352282
PMID:	38525149

Harmonised statistics and maps of forest biomass and increment in Europe

Avitabile V, Pilli R, Migliavacca M, Duveiller G, Camia A, Blujdea V, Adolt R, Alberdi I, Barreiro S, Bender S, Borota D, Bosela M, Bouriaud O, Breidenbach J, Cañellas I, Čavlović J, Colin A, Di Cosmo L, Donis J, Fischer C, Freudenschuss A, Fridman J, Gasparini P, Gschwantner T, Hernández L, Korhonen K, Kulbokas G, Kvist V, Latte N, Lazdins A, Lejeune P, Makovskis K, Marin G, Maslo J, Michorczyk A, Mionskowski M, Morneau F, Myszkowski M, Nagy K, Nilsson M, Nord-Larsen T, Pantic D, Perin J, Redmond J, Rizzo M, Šebeň V, Skudnik M, Snorrason A, Sroga R, Stoyanov T, Svensson A, Talarczyk A, Teeuwen S, Thürig E, Uva J, Mubareka S

Sci Data

06-Mar-2024

PMCID:	PMC10917757
doi:	10.1038/s41597-023-02868-8
PMID:	38448454

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Pinaceae Species

Ancuceanu R, Anghel AI, Hovaneț MV, Ciobanu AM, Lascu BE, Dinu M

Antioxidants (Basel)

26-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10967544
doi:	10.3390/antiox13030286
PMID:	38539820

Hosts and impacts of elongate hemlock scale (Hemiptera: Diaspididae): A critical review

Venette RC, Ambourn A, Aukema BH, Jetton RM, Petrice TR

Front Insect Sci

12-Feb-2024

PMCID:	PMC10926514
doi:	10.3389/finsc.2024.1356036
PMID:	38469337

Weather-dependent changes in habitat use by Alpine chamois

Anderwald P, Buchmann S, Rempfler T, Filli F

Mov Ecol

16-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10792825
doi:	10.1186/s40462-024-00449-x
PMID:	38229138

Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK

Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P

EFSA J

12-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10784871
doi:	10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:	38222930

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Pinus tabuliformis var. henryi (Mast.) C.T.Kuan 1983 (Pinaceae)

Wang X, Zhao L, Yang XX, Liu ZL

Mitochondrial DNA B Resour

11-Jan-2024

PMCID:	PMC10786436
doi:	10.1080/23802359.2023.2301013
PMID:	38222979

Bats at an Altitude above 2000 m on Pirin Mountain, Bulgaria

Dundarova H, Popov VV

Animals (Basel)

29-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10778114
doi:	10.3390/ani14010126
PMID:	38200857

Comparative Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Several Conifer Needles and Bark Extracts

Popescu (Stegarus) DI, Frum A, Dobrea CM, Cristea R, Gligor FG, Vicas LG, Ionete RE, Sutan NA, Georgescu C

Pharmaceutics

28-Dec-2023

PMCID:	PMC10821083
doi:	10.3390/pharmaceutics16010052
PMID:	38258063

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Alterporriol N	57332378	Click to see CC1(C(CC2=C(C1O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C(=CC(=C3C4=C(C=C(C5=C4C(=O)C6=C(C5=O)CC(C(C6O)(C)O)O)O)OC)OC)O)O)O	638.60	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	3469	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1O)C(=O)O)O	154.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5586/ASBP.1985.037
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Salicylic acid and derivatives / Salicylic acids
2,6-Dihydroxybenzoic acid	9338	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)O)O	154.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5586/ASBP.1985.037
Salicylic Acid	338	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)C(=O)O)O	138.12	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5586/ASBP.1985.037
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
4-(5-Carboxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-methoxyphthalic acid	162998070	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)C2=CC(=C(C=C2OC)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)C(=O)O	376.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.27-1673
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Diphenylethers
3-(p-Carboxyphenoxy)-p-anisic acid	625622	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C(=O)O)OC2=CC=C(C=C2)C(=O)O	288.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.27-1673
4-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenoxy)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	12439807	Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC	318.28	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.27-1673
4-(4-Carboxy-2-methoxyphenoxy)-5-methoxyphthalic acid	163086610	Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)OC2=C(C=C(C(=C2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC	362.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.27-1673
4-(5-Carboxy-2,3-dimethoxyphenoxy)benzene-1,3-dicarboxylic acid	162889138	Click to see COC1=C(C(=CC(=C1)C(=O)O)OC2=C(C=C(C=C2)C(=O)O)C(=O)O)OC	362.30	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.27-1673
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Phenylacetic acids / 2(hydroxyphenyl)acetic acids
2-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid	11970	Click to see C1=CC=C(C(=C1)CC(=O)O)O	152.15	unknown	https://doi.org/10.5586/ASBP.1985.037
> Benzenoids / Phenol ethers / Anisoles
Benzene, 1,2,3-trimethoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-	6440665	Click to see CC=CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)OC	208.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
Propenyltrimethoxybenzol	157738	Click to see CC=CC1=C(C(=C(C=C1)OC)OC)OC	208.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
> Hydrocarbons / Saturated hydrocarbons / Alkanes
Hentriacontane	12410	Click to see CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC	436.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids
methyl (1S,4aR,5S,8aR)-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-[(3R)-3-methyl-5-oxopentyl]-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate	15602380	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC=O	334.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
methyl (1S,4aR,5S,8aR)-5-[(3R)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpentyl]-1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate	15602383	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CCO	336.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
methyl 1,4a-dimethyl-6-methylidene-5-(3-methyl-5-oxopentyl)-3,4,5,7,8,8a-hexahydro-2H-naphthalene-1-carboxylate	15602378	Click to see CC(CCC1C(=C)CCC2C1(CCCC2(C)C(=O)OC)C)CC=O	334.50	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00596770
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Aconitane-type diterpenoid alkaloids
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6,16-dimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,18-triol	101228826	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)O)OC)COC	437.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8-diol	57412952	Click to see CCN1CC2(CCC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)OC)OC)COC	451.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
8-O-Ethylyunaconitine	102469270	Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6(CC4C5C6OC(=O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)OC)O)OC)OCC)OC)OC)O)COC	645.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
CID 11250863	11250863	Click to see CCN1CC2(C(CC(C34C2C(C(C31)C5(CC(C6(CC4C5C6OC(=O)C7=CC=C(C=C7)OC)O)OC)OC(=O)C)OC)OC)O)COC	659.80	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Diterpenoids / Colensane and clerodane diterpenoids
(1R,3R,4R,4aS,8S,8aR)-4-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-8-(hydroxymethyl)-3,4a,8-trimethyl-2,3,5,6,7,8a-hexahydro-1H-naphthalene-1,4-diol	38350347	Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=COC=C3)O)C)(C)CO)O	336.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Marrubenol	10449689	Click to see CC1CC(C2C(CCCC2(C1(CCC3=COC=C3)O)C)(C)CO)O	336.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Amino acids, peptides, and analogues / Alpha amino acids and derivatives / Proline and derivatives
Betonicine	164642	Click to see C[N+]1(CC(CC1C(=O)[O-])O)C	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
L-Turicine	1550239	Click to see C[N+]1(CC(CC1C(=O)[O-])O)C	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
Turicine	6560290	Click to see C[N+]1(CC(CC1C(=O)[O-])O)C	159.18	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Oligosaccharides
Forsythoside B	23928102	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)COC4C(C(CO4)(CO)O)O)OCCC5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	756.70	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Azepines
(1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13R,16S,17R)-6,16-dimethoxy-13-methyl-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadec-11-ene-4,8-diol	102511303	Click to see CC12CCC(C34C1CC(C3N=C2)C5(CC(C6CC4C5C6O)OC)O)OC	361.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Lactones / Gamma butyrolactones
(1R,4S,8S,9R,10S,12R)-9-[2-(furan-3-yl)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-4,8,10-trimethyl-2-oxatricyclo[6.3.1.04,12]dodecan-3-one	25728881	Click to see CC1CC2C3C(CCCC3(C1(CCC4=COC=C4)O)C)(C(=O)O2)C	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Marrubiin	73401	Click to see CC1CC2C3C(CCCC3(C1(CCC4=COC=C4)O)C)(C(=O)O2)C	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Premarrubiin	168199	Click to see CC1CC2C3C(CCCC3(C14CCC5(O4)COC=C5)C)(C(=O)O2)C	332.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives
[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethoxy]-5-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2R,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate	44429837	Click to see CC1C(C(C(C(O1)OC2C(C(OC(C2OC(=O)C=CC3=CC(=C(C=C3)O)O)CO)OCCC4=CC(=C(C=C4)O)O)O)O)O)O	624.60	unknown	via CMAUP database
Phaselic acid, (-)-	92299542	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C=CC(=O)OC(CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)O)O	296.23	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavones
Apigenin	5280443	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O	270.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin	5280445	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O)O	286.24	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides / Flavonoid 8-C-glycosides
Vicenin 2	442664	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C(=C3O2)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)O)O	594.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Vitexin	5280441	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(O2)C(=C(C=C3O)O)C4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glucuronides / Flavonoid-7-O-glucuronides
Luteolin 7-glucuronide	5280601	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)C(=O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O	462.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-7-O-glycosides
Apigetrin	5280704	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O	432.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
Echinacin	6439941	Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C=CC(=O)OCC2C(C(C(C(O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O	578.50	unknown	via CMAUP database
Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	5280637	Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O	448.40	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / O-methylated flavonoids / 7-O-methylated flavonoids
Ladanein	3084066	Click to see COC1=CC=C(C=C1)C2=CC(=O)C3=C(C(=C(C=C3O2)OC)O)O	314.29	unknown	via CMAUP database
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Stilbenes
Pinosylvin	5280457	Click to see C1=CC=C(C=C1)C=CC2=CC(=CC(=C2)O)O	212.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.03-0755 https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.03-0763
Pinosylvin methyl ether	5281719	Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C=CC2=CC=CC=C2	226.27	unknown	https://doi.org/10.3891/ACTA.CHEM.SCAND.03-0755

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Pinus mugo

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