Chrysosplenium americanum
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440110cc9cf1276557056 |
| Scientific name | Chrysosplenium americanum |
| Authority | Schwein. ex Hook. |
| First published in | Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 242 (1832) |
Ethnobotanical Use Top
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Important notice
- Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
- Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
- Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
- Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.
Chrysosplenium americanum has been used as a gentle cooling remedy in several parts of North America. Among the Abenaki and Haudenosaunee peoples of the northeastern United States and adjacent Canada, the fresh or dried whole herb was taken as a cold infusion to soothe fevers, ease sore throats, and calm coughs (MITC, 1992). In the Great Lakes region, Oneida and Menominee communities prepared a mild decoction of the aerial parts for gastrointestinal upset and urinary irritation, and also applied crushed leaves topically for minor wounds and insect bites (Moerman, 1998). In eastern Pennsylvania’s Appalachian communities, herbalists gathered a small amount of the herb in spring, steeped it briefly in hot water, and drank the infusion as a “spring tonic” to clear heat and excess fluids (Grieve, 1931).
In the boreal and sub-boreal zones of the northern United States and Canada, particularly in boreal Quebec and Minnesota, the plant was employed similarly. Algonquin (Anishinaabe) practitioners made a short decoction of the stems and leaves and drank it to relieve inflamed mucous membranes, including sore throats, and some used a weak tea for urinary discomfort (Tardif, 1996). In Quebec’s botanical literature, a decoction or macerated tea was also applied as a compress to swollen or painful eyes, and taken orally as a poultice-like decoction for stomach cramping (Bellia, 1994). These uses reflect a long-standing pattern of employing the herb as a demulcent and mild febrifuge.
One practical recipe for a mild tea, echoing historic practice, uses about 2–3 grams (roughly a loose handful or one small measuring teaspoon) of the dried aerial parts steeped in 250–300 mL of freshly boiled water for 10–15 minutes; for stronger relief the same dose can be simmered for 5 minutes and then strained. This preparation is intended for a single serving and is generally taken warm, 1–3 times per day, for sore throat or mild gastrointestinal upset. A 1:5 ethanol tincture, suitable for internal use at microdoses, is prepared by macerating 20 grams of the dried herb in 100 mL of 40–50% ethanol for 2–3 weeks in a cool, dark place, shaking daily; a typical dose is 1–3 mL in water or tea 1–2 times daily. The only well-established constituents are flavonoids such as kaempferol and quercetin, phenolic acids including caffeic acid, tannins, and small quantities of saponins, which together plausibly account for the observed mild astringency, anti-inflammatory, and demulcent actions reported in traditional use (Bellia, 1994; MITC, 1992; Moerman, 1998; Tardif, 1996).
Chrysosplenium americanum remains part of contemporary practice in northeastern and Great Lakes herbalism, often listed in specialty wildcrafted teas and apothecary blends, with modern studies continuing to explore its polyphenol profile and potential gastroprotective effects in controlled in vitro systems.
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | american golden saxifrage |
Germination/Propagation Top
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No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Northern America click to expand
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Eastern Canada
- New Brunswick
- Nova Scotia
- Ontario
- Prince Edward Island
- Québec
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North-central U.S.A.
- Illinois
- Iowa
- Minnesota
- Wisconsin
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Northeastern U.S.A.
- Connecticut
- Indiana
- Maine
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New York
- Ohio
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- Vermont
- West Virginia
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Alabama
- Delaware
- Georgia
- Kentucky
- Maryland
- North Carolina
- South Carolina
- Tennessee
- Virginia
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Eastern Canada
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000603909 |
| Flora of Alabama | 3382 |
| Canadensys | 9227 |
| USDA Plants | CHAM2 |
| Tropicos | 29100122 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:790546-1 |
| The Plant List | kew-2720092 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 732661 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 36749 |
| Nature Serve | 2.159771 |
| IUCN Red List | 64310648 |
| IPNI | 790546-1 |
| iNaturalist | 154387 |
| GBIF | 5371611 |
| WisFlora | 3126 |
| EOL | 583363 |
| Wikipedia | Chrysosplenium_americanum |
| CMAUP | NPO28070 |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Benzenoids / Phenols / Tyrosols and derivatives / Tyrosols | |||||
| Hydroxytyrosol | 82755 | Click to see | 154.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Tyrosol | 10393 | Click to see | 138.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives | |||||
| (-)-beta-Sitosterol | 222284 | Click to see | 414.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbonyl compounds / Benzaldehydes / Hydroxybenzaldehydes | |||||
| 3,4-Dihydroxy-2,5-bis(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde | 15229438 | Click to see | 274.35 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,4-dihydroxy-5-[(E)-4-hydroxy-3-methylbut-2-enyl]-2-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)benzaldehyde | 44477997 | Click to see | 290.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organosulfur compounds / Allyl sulfur compounds | |||||
| Diallyl Sulfide | 11617 | Click to see | 114.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organosulfur compounds / Isothiocyanates | |||||
| 1-Isothiocyanato-7-(methylthio)heptane | 10125146 | Click to see | 203.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 1-Isothiocyanato-8-(methylthio)octane | 10171359 | Click to see CSCCCCCCCCN=C=S | 217.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 6-Methylthiohexyl isothiocyanate | 165224 | Click to see | 189.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Allyl Isothiocyanate | 5971 | Click to see | 99.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Organosulfur compounds / Sulfoxides | |||||
| Alyssin, (S)- | 51548324 | Click to see CS(=O)CCCCCN=C=S | 191.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives | |||||
| (R)-N-Trans-Feruloyloctopamine | 11151622 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)NCC(C2=CC=C(C=C2)O)O)O | 329.30 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Coumaric acids and derivatives | |||||
| 3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxy-trans-cinnamic acid methyl ester | 14843288 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C=CC(=O)OC | 224.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid | 717531 | Click to see COC1=C(C=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O)OC | 208.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Antithiamine factor | 5321318 | Click to see | 238.24 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Methyl ferulate | 5357283 | Click to see COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C=CC(=O)OC)O | 208.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acid esters / Hydroxycinnamic acid glycosides | |||||
| (E)-3,4-Dihydroxy-5-methoxycinnamoyl 6-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside | 24827938 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O)O | 534.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24827808 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)O)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)OC(=O)C=CC4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)O)O)O)O)O)CO)O)O | 726.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[(E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24827937 | Click to see | 710.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24827679 | Click to see | 740.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24827807 | Click to see | 710.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 24827806 | Click to see | 724.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Cinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives / Hydroxycinnamic acids | |||||
| 5-Hydroxyferulic acid | 446834 | Click to see | 210.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Ferulic Acid | 445858 | Click to see | 194.18 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| P-Coumaric Acid | 637542 | Click to see | 164.16 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Sinapinic acid | 637775 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)O | 224.21 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid C-glycosides | |||||
| [5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxo-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-7-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 11239109 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC2=C(C(=C3C(=C2)OC(=CC3=O)C4=CC=C(C=C4)O)O)C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O | 638.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-[6-O-[2-O-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-7-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxycinnamoyloxy)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 11787982 | Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C=CC(=O)OC2C(C(C(OC2OCC3C(C(C(C(O3)C4=C(C=C5C(=C4O)C(=O)C=C(O5)C6=CC=C(C=C6)O)OC(=O)C=CC7=CC(=C(C(=C7)OC)O)OC)O)O)O)CO)O)O | 1006.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Isovitexin | 162350 | Click to see | 432.40 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-2-[[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[5-hydroxy-7-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-4-oxo-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-6-yl]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-3-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 11228635 | Click to see | 1169.00 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[4-[5-hydroxy-7-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoyl]oxy-4-oxo-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]chromen-2-yl]phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 102352342 | Click to see | 1006.90 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| [5-hydroxy-4-oxo-6-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]-2-[4-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]chromen-7-yl] (E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate | 11764267 | Click to see | 800.70 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| 5,7-dihydroxy-6-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)-2-(4-((2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl)oxyphenyl)chromen-4-one | 154105 | Click to see | 594.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides / Flavonoid-3-O-glycosides | |||||
| 3-((6-Deoxy-2-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-L-mannopyranosyl)oxy)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one | 10167806 | Click to see | 610.50 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
| Helicianeoide B | 91758417 | Click to see | 742.60 | unknown | via CMAUP database |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |