Triphasia trifolia
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID643ffea8334bc985063096 |
| Scientific name | Triphasia trifolia |
| Authority | (Burm.f.) P.Wilson |
| First published in | Torreya 9: 33 (1909) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Common products:
The plant yields three main commercial products: ripe fruit, leaf material, and an essential oil distilled from the leaves. The fruit is sold fresh in local markets and is processed into jams, candied fruit, pickles and sweet‑sour sauces. Leaf material is used as a dried spice or flavoring herb, and steam‑distilled leaf oil provides a citrus‑like aroma for fragrance applications.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
The orange‑brown berries, about 5–10 mm across, are harvested when fully ripe. They have a pronounced sour taste and are used in traditional preserves; the berries are boiled with sugar to make jam, combined with vinegar and spices for pickles, or candied. In some regions the berries are steeped in water or alcohol to produce a tart beverage or added whole to soups and stews as a flavor enhancer. The leaves are dried, ground, and used as a spice in regional dishes, especially with fish, meat or vegetables, where a bright, slightly bitter note is desired.
Fragrance and cosmetics:
Steam distillation of the leaves (and to a lesser extent the fruit peel) yields a clear, aromatic essential oil. This oil is incorporated into fragrance compositions, soaps, detergents and personal‑care products for its fresh citrus scent and good volatility. Its use is primarily in the top‑note range of perfume blends.
Properties relevant to use:
The fruit pulp is highly acidic, giving a low pH and a tart flavor that contributes to the preservation quality of jams and pickles. The berries are small with a thin pericarp, allowing rapid processing. The leaf material is aromatic and releases a volatile oil that imparts a characteristic citrus‑like aroma; the oil’s volatility and solubility in alcohol make it suitable for fragrance formulations. No specific chemical composition data are widely reported beyond qualitative descriptions of the scent.
Standards and regulation:
No species‑specific international standards exist for Triphasia trifolia. Food uses are subject to national food safety legislation and, where applicable, to Codex Alimentarius guidelines for food additives and contaminants. Fragrance and cosmetic applications must meet the general requirements of regional cosmetics regulations (e.g., EU Cosmetic Regulation, US FDA Cosmetic Act) that require safety assessments of essential‑oil components.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Triphasia trifolia is harvested primarily from wild populations across its native range. Commercial cultivation is limited, and the current demand for the fruit, leaves and oil is low, resulting in limited pressure on wild stocks. Sustainable harvesting practices, such as selective picking of ripe fruit and leaves, are recommended, and monitoring of wild populations is advisable to prevent over‑exploitation.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Limonia retusa | D.Don | Prodr. Fl. Nepal. : 224 (1825) |
| Limonia trifolia | Burm.f. | Fl. Indica : 103 (1768) |
| Limonia trifoliata | L. | Mant. Pl. 2: 237 (1771) |
| Limonia diacantha | DC. | Prodr. 1: 536 (1824) |
| Triphasia diacantha | M.Roem. | Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 37 (1846) |
| Triphasia aurantiola | Lour. | Fl. Cochinch. : 153 (1790) |
| Triphasia trifoliata | DC. | Prodr. 1: 536 (1824) |
| Triphasia javanica | M.Roem. | Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 38 (1846) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | limeberry |
| ban | kingkit |
| bcl | limonsitongkastila |
| Indonesian | jeruk kingkit |
| Indonesian | kingkit |
| jv | jeruk kingkit |
| Chinese | 锦橘果 |
| Chinese | 香吉果 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
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Africa click to expand
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Western Indian Ocean
- Chagos Archipelago
- Mauritius
- Rodrigues
- Réunion
- Seychelles
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Western Indian Ocean
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Asia-tropical click to expand
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Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- Maldives
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Indo-China
- Andaman Islands
- Cambodia
- Myanmar
- Nicobar Nicobar
- Vietnam
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Malesia
- Borneo
- Christmas Island
- Cocos (keeling) Islands
- Jawa
- Lesser Sunda Islands
- Malaya
- Maluku
- Philippines
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Papuasia
- New Guinea
- Solomon Islands
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Indian Subcontinent
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Northern America click to expand
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South-central U.S.A.
- Texas
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Southeastern U.S.A.
- Florida
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South-central U.S.A.
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Pacific click to expand
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North-central Pacific
- Hawaii
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Northwestern Pacific
- Caroline Islands
- Marianas
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Southwestern Pacific
- Fiji
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North-central Pacific
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Southern America click to expand
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Brazil
- Brazil Southeast
- Brazil West-central
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Caribbean
- Bahamas
- Cayman Islands
- Cuba
- Dominican Republic
- Haiti
- Leeward Islands
- Puerto Rico
- Trinidad-Tobago
- Windward Islands
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Central America
- Belize
- El Salvador
- Guatemala
- Honduras
- Nicaragua
- Panamá
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Northern South America
- French Guiana
- Guyana
- Suriname
- Venezuela
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Western South America
- Colombia
-
Brazil
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0000455326 |
| Florida Plant Atlas | 1497 |
| USDA Plants | TRTR7 |
| Tropicos | 28100526 |
| INPN | 630838 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:258565-2 |
| The Plant List | kew-2514763 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 806815 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 159070 |
| Nature Serve | 2.145637 |
| IPNI | 258565-2 |
| iNaturalist | 155756 |
| GBIF | 3190406 |
| Freebase | /m/02wcx4y |
| EPPO | TPHTR |
| USDA GRIN | 40476 |
| Wikipedia | Triphasia_trifolia |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquaterpenoids | |||||
| (8E,10E,12E,14E,16E,18E,20E,22E,24E)-25-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexen-1-yl]-6,6,10,14,19,23-hexamethylpentacosa-8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-nonaene-2,7-dione | 163100564 | Click to see | 584.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1021/JO00831A104 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene lactones | |||||
| Auraptene | 1550607 | Click to see CC(=CCCC(=CCOC1=CC2=C(C=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)C)C | 298.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80163-8 |
| > Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids | |||||
| 6,6,10,14,19,23,27,27-Octamethyldotriaconta-8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,24-nonaene-2,7,26,31-tetrone | 73656900 | Click to see | 600.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85593-4 |
| beta-Carotenone | 20055197 | Click to see CC(=O)CCCC(C)(C)C(=O)C=CC(=CC=CC(=CC=CC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC(=O)C(C)(C)CCCC(=O)C)C)C | 600.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85593-4 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives | |||||
| 5,7-dimethoxy-8-[(2R,3R,5S,6S)-2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-2,2,3-trimethylbutoxy)-7-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-8-yl)-3,5-dimethylheptyl]chromen-2-one | 163188658 | Click to see | 684.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.11.006 |
| 5,7-Dimethoxy-8-[2,3,5-trihydroxy-6-(3-hydroxy-2,2,3-trimethylbutoxy)-7-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-8-yl)-3,5-dimethylheptyl]chromen-2-one | 163042481 | Click to see CC(C)(COC(CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2)OC)C(C)(CC(C)(C(CC3=C(C=C(C4=C3OC(=O)C=C4)OC)OC)O)O)O)C(C)(C)O | 684.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FITOTE.2005.11.006 |
| 7-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutoxy]-8-(3-methyl-2-oxobutyl)chromen-2-one | 163071113 | Click to see CC(C)C(=O)CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2)OCC(C(C)(C)O)O | 348.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85288-0 |
| Isomeranzin | 473252 | Click to see CC(C)C(=O)CC1=C(C=CC2=C1OC(=O)C=C2)OC | 260.28 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85288-0 https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1574-695X.1998.TB01136.X |
| Meranzin hydrate | 5070783 | Click to see | 278.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80163-8 |
| Murrangatin | 13917407 | Click to see | 276.28 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80163-8 |
| Triphasiol | 157953 | Click to see | 348.40 | unknown |
https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85288-0 https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80163-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens / 5-methoxypsoralens | |||||
| (+)-Byakangelicin | 10211 | Click to see | 334.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80163-8 |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Hydroxycoumarins / 7-hydroxycoumarins | |||||
| Umbelliferone | 5281426 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC2=C1C=CC(=O)O2)O | 162.14 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85288-0 |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |