Details Top

Internal ID UUID644008fbe5634801687718
Scientific name Amyris elemifera
Authority L.
First published in Syst. Nat. ed. 10 , 2: 1000 (1759)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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General Uses Top

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Common products:
Wood for fence posts and tool handles.

Wood and fiber:
The wood of Amyris elemifera is heavy, hard, and dense, and is used in the Dominican Republic for fence posts and tool handles (Howard 1989). The species is also employed in Puerto Rico as fence posts (Britton and Wilson 1924–1930). It is not a primary source of essential oil in commercial practice; related Amyris species (e.g., Amyris balsamifera) are the primary sources of “Amyris oil” for perfumery.

Properties relevant to use:
The wood’s density and hardness support its suitability for posts and tool handles (Britton and Wilson 1924–1930; Howard 1989). It is otherwise unremarkable for industrial applications.

Standards and regulation:
No specific material standards are documented for this species. Post and tool-handle uses are locally defined.

Sustainability and sourcing:
The species occurs in Puerto Rico and the Greater Antilles. There are no conservation assessments or trade data recorded in major global timber databases for this name; local exploitation appears minor.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Amyris floridana Ware ex Nutt. Amer. J. Sci. Arts 5: 294 (1822)
Amyris maritima Jacq. Enum. Syst. Pl. : 19 (1760)
Amyris maritima var. angustifolia A.Gray Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 23: 226 (1888)
Amyris sylvatica Jacq. Select. Stirp. Amer. Hist. : 107 (1763)
Elemifera floridana M.Gómez & Roig Fl. Cuba (Gomez & Roig) 73. 1914
Elemifera maritima Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 11 (1891)
Elemifera maritima var. unifoliata Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 100 (1891)
Elemifera sylvatica Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 11 (1891)
Elemifera silvatica Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 11 (1891)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English sea torchwood
Arabic شجرة الصمغ اللامي
Arabic لامي
ht bwa chandèl blan
Chinese 海濱橄欖
Chinese 海滨火炬木

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Gulf
      • Mexico Southeast
    • Southeastern U.S.A.
      • Florida
  • Southern America
    • Caribbean
      • Bahamas
      • Cayman Islands
      • Cuba
      • Dominican Republic
      • Haiti
      • Jamaica
      • Leeward Islands
      • Puerto Rico
      • Trinidad-Tobago
      • Turks-caicos Islands
      • Venezuelan Antilles
      • Windward Islands
    • Central America
      • Belize
      • El Salvador
      • Honduras
      • Nicaragua
    • Northern South America
      • Venezuela

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000532633
Florida Plant Atlas 3593
USDA Plants AMEL
Tropicos 28100394
INPN 629068
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:126885-1
The Plant List kew-2635502
Open Tree Of Life 3942532
NCBI Taxonomy 1465234
Nature Serve 2.149745
IUCN Red List 156771939
IPNI 126885-1
iNaturalist 158322
GBIF 5421193
Freebase /m/03d6p38
EOL 582233
USDA GRIN 3047
Wikipedia Amyris_elemifera

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Linking Anthropogenic Landscape Perturbation to Herbivory and Pathogen Leaf Damage in Tropical Tree Communities Pablo-Rodríguez JL, Bravo-Monzón ÁE, Montiel-González C, Benítez-Malvido J, Álvarez-Betancourt S, Ramírez-Sánchez O, Oyama K, Arena-Ortiz ML, Alvarez-Añorve MY, Avila-Cabadilla LD Plants (Basel) 13-Nov-2023
PMCID:PMC10675074
doi:10.3390/plants12223839
PMID:38005736
Plant-Derived Compounds and Extracts as Modulators of Plasmin Activity—A Review Kolodziejczyk-Czepas J, Czepas J Molecules 09-Feb-2023
PMCID:PMC9965408
doi:10.3390/molecules28041677
PMID:36838662
Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review Xu Y, Liang B, Kong C, Sun Z Biomed Res Int 08-Sep-2021
PMCID:PMC8448615
doi:10.1155/2021/9910365
PMID:34541000
Furanocoumarin with Phytotoxic Activity from the Leaves of Amyris elemifera (Rutaceae) Meepagala KM, Bracken AK, Fronczek FR, Johnson RD, Wedge DE, Duke SO ACS Omega 24-Dec-2020
PMCID:PMC7807802
doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c04778
PMID:33458491
A comprehensive review on biological activities of oxazole derivatives Kakkar S, Narasimhan B BMC Chem 04-Feb-2019
PMCID:PMC6661760
doi:10.1186/s13065-019-0531-9
PMID:31384765
Clusters of high abundance of plants detected from local indicators of spatial association (LISA) in a semi-deciduous tropical forest Martínez Batlle JR, van der Hoek Y PLoS One 13-Dec-2018
PMCID:PMC6292623
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208780
PMID:30543650
Structure-activity relationships of new natural product-based diaryloxazoles with selective activity against androgen receptor-positive breast cancer cells Robles AJ, McCowen S, Cai S, Glassman M, Ruiz F II, Cichewicz RH, McHardy SF, Mooberry SL J Med Chem 03-Nov-2017
PMCID:PMC6078197
doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01228
PMID:29053266
Evaluating revised biomass equations: are some forest types more equivalent than others? Hoover CM, Smith JE Carbon Balance Manag 12-Jan-2016
PMCID:PMC4709368
doi:10.1186/s13021-015-0042-5
PMID:26798406
Inhibitors of Urokinase Type Plasminogen Activator and Cytostatic Activity from Crude Plants Extracts Zha X, Diaz R, Franco JJ, Sanchez VF, Fasoli E, Barletta G, Carvajal A, Bansal V Molecules 26-Jul-2013
PMCID:PMC4034058
doi:10.3390/molecules18088945
PMID:23896619
Essential Oil of<i>Amyris elimifera</i>L. from Cuba Jorge A. Pino, Aristides Rosado, Avilio Bello, Armando Urquiola, Sergio Garcia Informa UK Limited 24-Apr-2012
doi:10.1080/10412905.2000.9712037
Amyris of Jamaica. Coumarins of Amyris elemifera D. C., (Rutaceae) Basil A. Burke, Saleela Philip The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry 10-Mar-2009
doi:10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
Amyris of Jamaica. New Coumarins from Amyris elemifera L. (Rutaceae) Basil A. Burke, Saleela Philip The Japan Institute of Heterocyclic Chemistry 24-Feb-2009
doi:10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
Antimycobacterial activity of chemically defined natural substances from the Caribbean flora in Guadeloupe. Rastogi N, Abaul J, Goh KS, Devallois A, Philogène E, Bourgeois P FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 01-Apr-1998
doi:10.1111/J.1574-695X.1998.TB01136.X
PMID:9626931

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids
4,12,12-Trimethyl-9-methylene-5-oxatricyclo(8.2.0.04,6)dodecane 14350 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712037
Caryophyllene 5281515 Click to see CC1=CCCC(=C)C2CC(C2CC1)(C)C 204.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712037
Caryophyllene oxide 1742210 Click to see 220.35 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712037
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesquiterpenoids / Eudesmane, isoeudesmane or cycloeudesmane sesquiterpenoids
alpha-Eudesmol 92762 Click to see CC1=CCCC2(C1CC(CC2)C(C)(C)O)C 222.37 unknown https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2000.9712037
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzodioxoles
Texaline 473253 Click to see 266.25 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1574-695X.1998.TB01136.X
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives
6-(3-Hydroxy-3-methylbut-1-enyl)-7-methoxychromen-2-one 87695 Click to see 260.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
Coumarin, 7-methoxy-6-(3-methylcrotonoyl)- 620900 Click to see CC(=CC(=O)C1=C(C=C2C(=C1)C=CC(=O)O2)OC)C 258.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
Suberenol 5375166 Click to see 260.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
> Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Coumarins and derivatives / Furanocoumarins / Psoralens
(-)-Heraclenol 40429858 Click to see 304.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1574-695X.1998.TB01136.X
(2S)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 162950579 Click to see 314.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
[(2R)-3-acetyloxy-3-methyl-1-(7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate 162879294 Click to see 372.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
[(2R)-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate 163041292 Click to see CC(=O)OC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C=CO3)OC1=O)C(C)(C)O 330.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
[3-Acetyloxy-3-methyl-1-(7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate 162879293 Click to see CC(=O)OC(CC1=CC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C=CO3)OC1=O)C(C)(C)OC(=O)C 372.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
[3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-1-(7-oxofuro[3,2-g]chromen-6-yl)butan-2-yl] acetate 163041291 Click to see 330.30 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2,3-dihydrofuro(3,2-g)chromen-7-one 604512 Click to see 246.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
2-(2-Hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6-(3-methylbut-2-enyl)-2,3-dihydrofuro[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 162950578 Click to see CC(=CCC1=CC2=CC3=C(C=C2OC1=O)OC(C3)C(C)(C)O)C 314.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897
6-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 163030993 Click to see 288.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
6-[(2R)-2,3-dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl]furo[3,2-g]chromen-7-one 163030994 Click to see 288.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1985-08-1921
Heraclenol 73253 Click to see CC(C)(C(COC1=C2C(=CC3=C1OC=C3)C=CC(=O)O2)O)O 304.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1574-695X.1998.TB01136.X
Nodakenetin 26305 Click to see 246.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.3987/R-1981-06-0897

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