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Carapa procera

Carapa procera - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440493e86531952776168
Scientific name Carapa procera
Authority DC.
First published in Prodr. 1: 626 (1824)

Description Top

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Carapa procera, also known as African crabwood, is a species of tree native to West African tropics and the Amazon rainforest. It has also been introduced to Vietnam. The nuts of this species are collected for their oil, a non-timber forest product. Unfortunately, the species is becoming increasingly threatened in tropical Africa. Carapa surinamensis is a separate species that is found in South America.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Xylocarpus procerus Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 793 (1841)
Xylocarpus touloucouna Steud. Nomencl. Bot. , ed. 2, 2: 793 (1841)
Zelea splendens hort. ex Ten. Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 504 (1841 publ. 1842)
Zurloa insignis Ten. Atti Riunione Sci. Ital. 3: 503 (1841 publ. 1842)
Zurloa splendens Ten. Cat. Ort. Bot. Napoli : 99 (1845)
Touloucouna gigantea M.Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 123 (1846)
Carapa guyanensis Oliv. Fl. Trop. Afr. 1: 336 (1868)
Carapa guineensis Sweet Hort. Brit. : 72 (1826)
Carapa gummiflua C.DC. Mém. Soc. Bot. France 8: 11 (1907)
Carapa touloucouna Guill. & Perr. Fl. Seneg. Tent. : 128 (1831)
Granatum surinamensis (Miq.) Kuntze Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 110 1891

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
French touloucouna
Chinese 楂楝

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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No subspecies added yet.

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Africa
    • West Tropical Africa
      • Burkina
      • Gambia
      • Ghana
      • Guinea
      • Guinea-Bissau
      • Ivory Coast
      • Liberia
      • Mali
      • Nigeria
      • Senegal
      • Sierra Leone
    • West-central Tropical Africa
      • Central African Republic
      • Gulf Of Guinea Islands
  • Southern America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil North
    • Northern South America
      • French Guiana
      • Guyana
      • Suriname

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001083560
Tropicos 20400504
INPN 734239
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:577711-1
The Plant List tro-20400504
Open Tree Of Life 348348
NCBI Taxonomy 587564
IUCN Red List 61794032
IPNI 577711-1
iNaturalist 700386
GBIF 3851350
EPPO CAXPR
EOL 6953871
USDA GRIN 411845
Wikipedia Carapa_procera

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Evaluation of packaging, labels, and some physicochemical properties of herbal antimalarial products on the Ghanaian market Amekyeh H, Kumadoh D, Adongo DW, Orman E, Abubakar S, Dwamena A, Aggrey MO Heliyon 28-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10920373
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27032
PMID:38463810
Searching for Natural Plants with Antimelanogenesis and Antityrosinase Properties for Cosmeceutical or Nutricosmetics Applications: A Systematic Review Tung XY, Yip JQ, Gew LT ACS Omega 06-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10515176
doi:10.1021/acsomega.3c02994
PMID:37744793
Herbs Used in Antimalarial Medicines: A Study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana Nortey NN, Korsah S, Tagoe M, Apenteng JA, Owusu FA, Oppong J, Attah AE, Allotey S Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 19-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10460277
doi:10.1155/2023/6697078
PMID:37636997
Ethnobotany and conservation of the species Celtis toka (Forssk.) Hepper & J.R.I. wood: A way forward for sustainable use in Burkina Faso Dabré Z, Zerbo I, Nacoulma BM, Soro D, Thiombiano A Heliyon 31-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10432975
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18621
PMID:37600388
First estimates of fine root production in tropical peat swamp and terra firme forests of the central Congo Basin Sciumbata M, Wenina YE, Mbemba M, Dargie GC, Baird AJ, Morris PJ, Ifo SA, Aerts R, Lewis SL Sci Rep 29-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10387053
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-38409-x
PMID:37516765
Medical Ethnobotany of the Bissau-Guinean Community of Migrants Living in Northern Italy and Comparison with the Ethnopharmacology of Guinea-Bissau Sambù A, Cornara L, Catarino L, Indjai B, Biagi M, Giordani P Plants (Basel) 08-May-2023
PMCID:PMC10181441
doi:10.3390/plants12091909
PMID:37176967
Allometric equation for Raphia laurentii De Wild, the commonest palm in the central Congo peatlands Bocko YE, Panzou GJ, Dargie GC, Mampouya YE, Mbemba M, Loumeto JJ, Lewis SL PLoS One 14-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10104305
doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0273591
PMID:37058461
How Does Changing Environment Influence Plant Seed Movements as Populations of Dispersal Vectors Decline? Hernandez JO, Naeem M, Zaman W Plants (Basel) 27-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10097094
doi:10.3390/plants12071462
PMID:37050088
Assessment of toxicity and anti-plasmodial activities of chloroform fractions of Carapa procera and Alchornea cordifolia in murine models Mahama A, Chama MA, Oppong Bekoe E, Asare GA, Obeng-Kyeremeh R, Amoah D, Agbemelo-Tsomafo C, Amoah LE, Erskine IJ, Kusi KA, Adjei S Front Pharmacol 23-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9816393
doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.1077380
PMID:36618915
Selective and clear-cut logging have varied imprints on tree community structure in a moist semi-deciduous forest in Ghana Addo-Fordjour P, Afram IS, Oppong J Heliyon 04-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9649955
doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11393
PMID:36387494
Hydroclimatic vulnerability of peat carbon in the central Congo Basin Garcin Y, Schefuß E, Dargie GC, Hawthorne D, Lawson IT, Sebag D, Biddulph GE, Crezee B, Bocko YE, Ifo SA, Mampouya Wenina YE, Mbemba M, Ewango CE, Emba O, Bola P, Kanyama Tabu J, Tyrrell G, Young DM, Gassier G, Girkin NT, Vane CH, Adatte T, Baird AJ, Boom A, Gulliver P, Morris PJ, Page SE, Sjögersten S, Lewis SL Nature 02-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9729114
doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05389-3
PMID:36323786
Floristic composition and turnover analysis in Dahomey Gap and the surrounding sub‐humid Togolese mountain minor forest refuges: Importance for biogeography and biodiversity conservation in sub‐Saharan Africa Adjossou K, Kokou K, Deconchat M Ecol Evol 04-Oct-2022
PMCID:PMC9532220
doi:10.1002/ece3.9304
PMID:36225837
Molecular modeling identification of potential drug candidates from selected African plants against SARS-CoV-2 key druggable proteins Uhomoibhi JO, Idowu KA, Shode FO, Sabiu S Sci Afr 14-Jul-2022
PMCID:PMC9279166
doi:10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01279
PMID:35856008
Catastrophic hydraulic failure and tipping points in plants Johnson DM, Katul G, Domec J Plant Cell Environ 27-May-2022
PMCID:PMC9544843
doi:10.1111/pce.14327
PMID:35394656
Molecular modelling identification of phytocompounds from selected African botanicals as promising therapeutics against druggable human host cell targets of SARS-CoV-2 Uhomoibhi JO, Shode FO, Idowu KA, Sabiu S J Mol Graph Model 12-Apr-2022
PMCID:PMC9002601
doi:10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108185
PMID:35430474

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.
Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids / Limonoids
[(1R,2R,3S,8R,10R,11S,12R,14S,16S,17S)-3-acetyloxy-16-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,11,17-pentamethyl-5,15-dioxo-6,13-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,14.012,17]nonadecan-10-yl] acetate 163031443 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)CC(C2(C3C1(C45C(O4)C(=O)C(C5(CC3)C)C6=COC=C6)C)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C 542.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
[(1R,2S,8R,10S,11S,12S,14R,16S,17S)-16-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,11,17-pentamethyl-5,15-dioxo-6,13-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,14.012,17]nonadec-3-en-10-yl] acetate 162939272 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)C=CC2(C3C1(C45C(O4)C(=O)C(C5(CC3)C)C6=COC=C6)C)C)(C)C 482.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5
[(1R,3bR,4R,5aS,10aR,10bR,12aS)-1-(furan-3-yl)-3b,6,6,10a,12a-pentamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,4,5,5a,10b,11,12-octahydroindeno[5,4-g][2]benzoxepin-4-yl] acetate 162911900 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)C=CC2(C3C1(C4=CCC(C4(CC3)C)C5=COC=C5)C)C)(C)C 452.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85244-2
[1-(Furan-3-yl)-3b,6,6,10a,12a-pentamethyl-8-oxo-1,2,4,5,5a,10b,11,12-octahydroindeno[5,4-g][2]benzoxepin-4-yl] acetate 162911899 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)C=CC2(C3C1(C4=CCC(C4(CC3)C)C5=COC=C5)C)C)(C)C 452.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(81)85244-2
[3-Acetyloxy-16-(furan-3-yl)-2,7,7,11,17-pentamethyl-5,15-dioxo-6,13-dioxapentacyclo[9.8.0.02,8.012,14.012,17]nonadecan-10-yl] acetate 163031442 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)CC(C2(C3C1(C45C(O4)C(=O)C(C5(CC3)C)C6=COC=C6)C)C)OC(=O)C)(C)C 542.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
Evodulone 434046 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2C(OC(=O)C=CC2(C3C1(C45C(O4)C(=O)C(C5(CC3)C)C6=COC=C6)C)C)(C)C 482.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5
methyl 2-[(1R,2R,5R,6R,13S,14R,16S)-6-(furan-3-yl)-14-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-16-yl]acetate 162913833 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4=C3CC(C1O)C2=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91064-1
Methyl 2-[6-(furan-3-yl)-14-hydroxy-1,5,15,15-tetramethyl-8,17-dioxo-7-oxatetracyclo[11.3.1.02,11.05,10]heptadec-10-en-16-yl]acetate 14379365 Click to see CC1(C(C2(C3CCC4(C(OC(=O)CC4=C3CC(C1O)C2=O)C5=COC=C5)C)C)CC(=O)OC)C 470.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)91064-1
> Organic acids and derivatives / Carboxylic acids and derivatives / Tricarboxylic acids and derivatives
[(1R)-1-[(1aS,4S,4aS,8S,8aR)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-8-yl]-2-[(3R)-3-acetyl-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxopyran-3-yl]ethyl] acetate 16047138 Click to see CC(=O)C1(C=CC(=O)OC1(C)C)CC(C2(C=CCC3(C24C(O4)C(=O)OC3C5=COC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C 512.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
[2-(3-acetyl-2,2-dimethyl-6-oxopyran-3-yl)-1-[4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-8-yl]ethyl] acetate 73226661 Click to see CC(=O)C1(C=CC(=O)OC1(C)C)CC(C2(C=CCC3(C24C(O4)C(=O)OC3C5=COC=C5)C)C)OC(=O)C 512.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90025-5
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
[2-(6,6-dimethyl-2-oxo-3H-pyran-5-yl)-1-[4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-2-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-8-yl]ethyl] acetate 73821416 Click to see CC(=O)OC(CC1=CCC(=O)OC1(C)C)C2(C=CCC3(C24C(O4)C(=O)OC3C5=COC=C5)C)C 470.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90025-5
Mmnoqhdxbasuhg-srwgnfdisa- 21673291 Click to see CC(=O)OC(CC1=CCC(=O)OC1(C)C)C2(C=CCC3(C24C(O4)C(=O)OC3C5=COC=C5)C)C 470.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dioxepanes / 1,4-dioxepanes
(1aS,4S,4aS,8S,8aR)-8-[(2R,3aR,7aS)-3a-acetyl-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-yl]-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-2-one 21673210 Click to see CC(=O)C12CC(OC1CC(=O)OC2(C)C)C3(C=CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C 470.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
(1aS,4S,4aS,8S,8aR)-8-[(3R,5R)-6,6-dimethyl-1-methylidene-8-oxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-9-en-3-yl]-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-2-one 162939744 Click to see CC1(C2(CC(OC2=C)C3(C=CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)C=CC(=O)O1)C 452.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
8-(1-chloro-1,10,10-trimethyl-8-oxo-2,9-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-6-en-3-yl)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-2-one 162980156 Click to see CC1(C2(CC(OC2(C)Cl)C3(C=CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)C=CC(=O)O1)C 489.00 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
8-(3a-acetyl-4,4-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,3,7,7a-tetrahydrofuro[3,2-c]pyran-2-yl)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-2-one 73821381 Click to see CC(=O)C12CC(OC1CC(=O)OC2(C)C)C3(C=CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C 470.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)90025-5
8-(6,6-dimethyl-1-methylidene-8-oxo-2,7-dioxaspiro[4.5]dec-9-en-3-yl)-4-(furan-3-yl)-4a,8-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-2-one 73821382 Click to see CC1(C2(CC(OC2=C)C3(C=CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)C=CC(=O)O1)C 452.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
Andirobin 12306782 Click to see CC1(C(C(C=CC1=O)(C)C2CCC3(C(OC(=O)C4C3(C2=C)O4)C5=COC=C5)C)CC(=O)OC)C 468.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5
methyl 2-[2-[4-(furan-3-yl)-4a-methyl-8-methylidene-2-oxo-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1aH-oxireno[2,3-d]isochromen-7-yl]-2,6,6-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohex-3-en-1-yl]acetate 4425075 Click to see CC1(C(C(C=CC1=O)(C)C2CCC3(C(OC(=O)C4C3(C2=C)O4)C5=COC=C5)C)CC(=O)OC)C 468.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
[11-(Furan-3-yl)-6,8-dihydroxy-2,2',2',6,10-pentamethyl-6',13-dioxospiro[12,15-dioxatetracyclo[8.5.0.01,14.02,7]pentadecane-5,3'-pyran]-3-yl] acetate 73657092 Click to see CC(=O)OC1CC2(C=CC(=O)OC2(C)C)C(C3C1(C45C(O4)C(=O)OC(C5(CC3O)C)C6=COC=C6)C)(C)O 530.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4020(01)85511-3
7-Deacetyl-7-oxogedunin 1886 Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C2(C=CC1=O)C)CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)C 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5
7-Oxogedunin 21594780 Click to see CC1(C2CC(=O)C3(C(C2(C=CC1=O)C)CCC4(C35C(O5)C(=O)OC4C6=COC=C6)C)C)C 438.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-4039(01)94543-5

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