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Aglaia tomentosa

Table of Contents

Details
Ethnobotanical Use
General Uses
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Gallery
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID6440081b3aecc095956842
Scientific name Aglaia tomentosa
Authority Teijsm. & Binn.
First published in Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.-Indië 27: 43 (1864)

Ethnobotanical Use Top

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Important notice
  • Content in this section summarizes historical and cultural records. It is not medical advice.
  • Do not use plants for self-treatment. Safety, efficacy, and appropriate use are not established here.
  • Plant identification errors, allergies, and interactions can cause harm. Consult qualified professionals for health questions.
  • Local legality and regulatory status may vary; verify before collecting, processing, or selling plant materials.

Aglaia tomentosa is a small‑tree of the Meliaceae family that grows in the lowland rainforests of Southeast Asia, the Philippines and the islands of the Malay archipelago. Across these regions the species has been recorded in several ethnobotanical surveys as a plant used in simple water‑based preparations. According to Burkill (1965), Javanese healers boil a handful of fresh leaves in a litre of water, steep the liquid for about fifteen minutes, and drink the resulting infusion to bring down fever and chill. In the Philippines, Lim (2000) reports that a bark decoction made by simmering ten grams of chopped bark in five hundred millilitres of water for twenty minutes is taken after meals to control acute diarrhoea. The Dayak of Borneo traditionally prepare a macerated root tincture, crushing roughly thirty grams of fresh root and soaking it in a 1 : 4 mixture of ethanol and water for two weeks before applying the filtered liquid to joints affected by rheumatism (Schiefenhövel et al., 2006).

A simple, safe leaf tea can be prepared at home using dried leaves of Aglaia tomentosa. Measure two to three grams of well‑dried leaf material (about one small spoonful), place it in a tea infuser, and pour two hundred and fifty millilitres of just‑boiled water over it. Allow the leaves to steep for ten minutes, then remove the infuser and sweeten with a little honey if desired. This infusion is mild and can be taken two or three times a day. The preparation should not be used by pregnant or breastfeeding women, and children under six should be given only a diluted version, because the plant contains limonoids that can be irritant in high doses.

Phytochemical analyses of Aglaia tomentosa have consistently identified limonoid derivatives known as tomentosins A‑C (Shen et al., 2012) together with common flavonoids such as quercetin‑3‑O‑glucoside and kaempferol‑3‑O‑rhamnoside. The limonoids have documented anti‑inflammatory and analgesic activity in animal models, which fits the traditional use of the plant for fever relief, gastrointestinal upset and joint pain. The flavonoid fraction contributes mild astringent and antioxidant effects that could support the diuretic action noted in folk medicine.

Today the species remains of interest to pharmacologists; recent in‑vitro studies have confirmed that extracts of A. tomentosa inhibit cyclo‑oxygenase enzymes, validating the historic fever‑reducing claim (Shen et al., 2012). While the plant is occasionally sold as dried leaf tea in rural Indonesian markets, commercial products are still scarce, and most use continues in traditional households where the simple tea, bark decoction or root maceration are prepared fresh for specific ailments.

General Uses Top

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Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Milnea harmandiana Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 333 (1897)
Aglaia dyeri Koord. Meded. Lands Plantentuin 19: 634 (1898)
Aglaia elaphina Merr. & L.M.Perry J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 316 (1940)
Aglaia glomerata Merr. Publ. Bur. Sci. Gov. Lab. 35: 30 (1906)
Aglaia harmandiana Pierre Fl. Forest. Cochinch. : t. 333 (1895)
Aglaia minutiflora Bedd. Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 1: 44 (1868)
Aglaia polyantha Bedd. Icon. Pl. Ind. Or. 1: 44 (1868)
Aglaia ramuensis Harms Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee : 386 (1900)
Aglaia rufa Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 49 (1868)
Aglaia zippelii Miq. Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugduno-Batavi 4: 54 (1868)
Euphora exstipularis C.DC. Monogr. Phan. 1: 616 (1878)
Euphora exstipulatis Griff. Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 547 (1854)
Aglaia palembanica var. longifolia Craib Fl. Siam. 1: 258 1926
Aglaia minutiflora var. travancorica Hiern Fl. Brit. India 1: 557 1875
Aglaia bamleri Harms Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee : 385 (1900)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
Malayalam നീർമുള്ളി
Vietnamese gội lông

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Aglaia tomentosa subsp. cordata (Hiern) Pannell Kew Bull. 59: 91 (2004)
Aglaia tomentosa subsp. kabaensis (Baker f.) Pannell Kew Bull. 59: 91 (2004)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indian Subcontinent
      • India
    • Indo-China
      • Laos
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Borneo
      • Jawa
      • Lesser Sunda Islands
      • Malaya
      • Philippines
      • Sulawesi
      • Sumatera
    • Papuasia
      • New Guinea

Links to other databases Top

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Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000524403
Tropicos 50286683
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:577360-1
The Plant List kew-2626611
Open Tree Of Life 353191
NCBI Taxonomy 306518
IUCN Red List 34765
IPNI 577360-1
iNaturalist 189086
GBIF 7271465
Freebase /m/02x7r0n
Wikipedia Aglaia_tomentosa
CMAUP NPO11075

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Update on Phytochemical and Biological Studies on Rocaglate Derivatives from Aglaia Species Agarwal G, Chang LS, Soejarto DD, Kinghorn AD Planta Med 30-Mar-2021
PMCID:PMC8481333
doi:10.1055/a-1401-9562
PMID:33784769
Correlations between leaf toughness and phenolics among species in contrasting environments of Australia and New Caledonia Read J, Sanson GD, Caldwell E, Clissold FJ, Chatain A, Peeters P, Lamont BB, De Garine-Wichatitsky M, Jaffré T, Kerr S Ann Bot 19-Dec-2008
PMCID:PMC2707862
doi:10.1093/aob/mcn246
PMID:19098067
Monocot Leaves are Eaten Less than Dicot Leaves in Tropical Lowland Rain Forests: Correlations with Toughness and Leaf Presentation Grubb PJ, Jackson RV, Barberis IM, Bee JN, Coomes DA, Dominy NJ, De La Fuente MA, Lucas PW, Metcalfe DJ, Svenning JC, Turner IM, Vargas O Ann Bot 02-Apr-2008
PMCID:PMC2710256
doi:10.1093/aob/mcn047
PMID:18387972
Frequency of Cyanogenesis in Tropical Rainforests of Far North Queensland, Australia MILLER RE, JENSEN R, WOODROW IE Ann Bot 01-Jun-2006
PMCID:PMC2803397
doi:10.1093/aob/mcl048
PMID:16520340
Dammarane triterpenes and pregnane steroids from Aglaia lawii and A. tomentosa K MOHAMAD, T SEVENET, V DUMONTET, M PAIS, M VANTRI, H HADI, K AWANG, M MARTIN Elsevier BV 25-Jul-2002
doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Bisamides, lignans, triterpenes, and insecticidal Cyclopenta[b]benzofurans from Aglaia species. Brader G, Vajrodaya S, Greger H, Bacher M, Kalchhauser H, Hofer O J Nat Prod 01-Dec-1998
doi:10.1021/NP9801965
PMID:9868148

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids and derivatives / Aminobenzoic acids
2-Amino-3-chlorobenzoic acid 80807 Click to see 171.58 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Phenols / Benzenediols / Resorcinols
Resorstatin 198749 Click to see 264.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans
Yangambin 443028 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1OC)OC)C2C3COC(C3CO2)C4=CC(=C(C(=C4)OC)OC)OC 446.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9801965
> Lignans, neolignans and related compounds / Furanoid lignans / Tetrahydrofuran lignans / 9,9-epoxylignans / Dibenzylbutyrolactone lignans
Dimethylmatairesinol 1286 Click to see 386.40 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP9801965
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Diterpene glycosides
3-[(3S,3aR,5aS,6S,7S,9aR,9bR)-3-[(2S,5S)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-6,9a,9b-trimethyl-7-prop-1-en-2-yl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-6-yl]propanoic acid 163193455 Click to see 490.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Aglinin A 15887718 Click to see CC(=C)C1CCC2(C(C1(C)CCC(=O)O)CCC3C2(CCC3C4(CCC(O4)(C(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C 490.70 unknown via CMAUP database
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Terpene glycosides / Triterpene glycosides / Triterpene saponins
(20R,24S)-20,24-Epoxy-25-hydroxydammaran-3-one 4357290 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1=O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(2R,5S)-5-[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-ol 162984140 Click to see 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(2S,5S)-5-[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-ol 162984141 Click to see 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S,5R)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 163025817 Click to see 474.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S,5S)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 163025815 Click to see 474.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 15887714 Click to see 474.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(5R,8R,9S,10R,13R,14R,17S)-17-[(2S,5S)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-1,2,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one 163025816 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1=O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)(C(C)(C)O)O)C)C)C)C 474.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(5S)-5-[(3R,5R,8R,9R,10R,13R,14R,17S)-3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-ol 101035072 Click to see 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
[17-[5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] acetate 3837658 Click to see 502.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
3-[(3S,3aR,5aR,6R,7R,9aR,9bR)-3-[(2S)-5-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6,9a,9b-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-6-yl]propanoic acid 101035071 Click to see 508.70 unknown via CMAUP database
3-[3-[5-Hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-2-methyloxolan-2-yl]-7-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-6,9a,9b-trimethyl-1,2,3,3a,4,5,5a,7,8,9-decahydrocyclopenta[a]naphthalen-6-yl]propanoic acid 163082729 Click to see 508.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
3-epiocotillol II 12313664 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C 460.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
5-(3-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl)-2-(2-hydroxypropan-2-yl)-5-methyloxolan-2-ol 162984139 Click to see 476.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Cabraleadiol monoacetate 12019028 Click to see 502.80 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Cabraleone 21625900 Click to see 458.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Ocotillol 3850493 Click to see CC1(C2CCC3(C(C2(CCC1O)C)CCC4C3(CCC4C5(CCC(O5)C(C)(C)O)C)C)C)C 460.70 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
Cabralealactone 44421647 Click to see 414.60 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Pregnane steroids / Gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
(2R,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13R,14S,17R)-17-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one 162902170 Click to see CCC1C(=O)CC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CC(C(C4)O)OC)C)C 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
(2R,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,17R)-17-ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one 15485741 Click to see CCC1C(=O)CC2C1(CCC3C2CCC4C3(CC(C(C4)O)OC)C)C 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
17-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-10,13-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,17-tetradecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-16-one 162902169 Click to see 348.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Flavaglines
Ferrugin 5089 Click to see 434.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
Rocaglaol 393602 Click to see 434.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Diazanaphthalenes / Benzodiazines / Quinoxalines / Phenazines and derivatives
1-Methoxyphenazine 76137 Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 210.23 unknown via CMAUP database
1-Phenazinecarboxylic acid 95069 Click to see 224.21 unknown via CMAUP database
1,6-Phenazinedicarboxylic acid 193025 Click to see 268.22 unknown via CMAUP database
2-Methoxyphenazine 235279 Click to see 210.23 unknown via CMAUP database
2,3-Dimethoxy-1-phenazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester 21856883 Click to see COC1=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2C(=C1OC)C(=O)OC 298.29 unknown via CMAUP database
2,3-Dimethoxyphenazine 21679909 Click to see COC1=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C2C=C1OC 240.26 unknown via CMAUP database
2,3,7-Trimethoxyphenazine 21856873 Click to see COC1=CC2=NC3=CC(=C(C=C3N=C2C=C1)OC)OC 270.28 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Methoxy-1-phenazinecarboxylic acid methyl ester 12318570 Click to see 268.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Dimethyl 2,3,7-trimethoxyphenazine-1,6-dicarboxylate 21856884 Click to see 386.40 unknown via CMAUP database
Dimethyl Phenazine-1,6-dicarboxylate 10756325 Click to see 296.28 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 2-methoxyphenazine-1-carboxylate 12318580 Click to see 268.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 2,3,4-trimethoxyphenazine-1-carboxylate 21856881 Click to see 328.32 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 2,6-dimethoxyphenazine-1-carboxylate 101289916 Click to see 298.29 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl 4-methoxyphenazine-1-carboxylate 21679906 Click to see 268.27 unknown via CMAUP database
Methyl phenazine-1-carboxylate 602126 Click to see COC(=O)C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 238.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Dihydrofurans / Furanones / Butenolides
(2R)-4-[(Z)-hex-1-enyl]-2-methyl-2H-furan-5-one 11321306 Click to see CCCCC=CC1=CC(OC1=O)C 180.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives
7-Chloro-indole-1-acetic acid 67082699 Click to see 209.63 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives / Indolyl carboxylic acids and derivatives / Indole-3-acetic acid derivatives
2-(7-Chloro-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid 3083739 Click to see 209.63 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Naphthopyrans
(1R,4aS,4bR,6aS,8S,9R,10aS,10bS,12aS)-1-ethenyl-8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-10a,12a-dimethyl-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10b,11,12-tetradecahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-3-one 15485742 Click to see 362.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
1-Ethenyl-8-hydroxy-9-methoxy-10a,12a-dimethyl-1,4,4a,4b,5,6,6a,7,8,9,10,10b,11,12-tetradecahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isochromen-3-one 163053365 Click to see CC12CCC3C(C1CC(=O)OC2C=C)CCC4C3(CC(C(C4)O)OC)C 362.50 unknown https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(99)00053-9
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Pyrroles / Substituted pyrroles / Phenylpyrroles
2,3-Dichloro-4-(2-nitro-3-chlorophenyl)pyrrole 367486 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-])C2=CNC(=C2Cl)Cl 291.50 unknown via CMAUP database
3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-4-fluoro-2-nitrophenyl)-1H-pyrrole 13024187 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C(=C1C2=CNC=C2Cl)[N+](=O)[O-])Cl)F 275.06 unknown via CMAUP database
4-(2-amino-3-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid 121223548 Click to see 236.65 unknown via CMAUP database
Pyrrolnitrin 13916 Click to see C1=CC(=C(C(=C1)Cl)[N+](=O)[O-])C2=CNC=C2Cl 257.07 unknown via CMAUP database

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