Resin and adhesives/coatings
The species exudes a dammar-type hard resin. IFAW (2012) reports its collection in Sri Lanka for varnish and lacquer production, and as an incense resin; local industry descriptions characterize the material as a dark, brittle, triterpenoid-rich resin used as a film-forming component in coatings and as a binder/adhesive in small-scale craft applications. Its high softening point and typical dammar solubility in nonpolar solvents enable its use in spirit varnishes and cold-cure lacquers.

Properties relevant to use
The resin exhibits typical dammar characteristics: a hard, glassy fracture; insolubility in water; solubility in aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons and turpentine; and a triterpenoid composition similar to other Canarium dammars. These properties make it suitable for solvent-based coating systems that require a clear, glossy film and quick film formation without heat cure.

Standards and regulation
No specific ISO/ASTM/EN standards are documented for C. zeylanicum resin; adhesives and coatings incorporating the resin are subject to general national regulations on volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions and chemical safety. Wood/timber exports, where applicable, fall under standard Sri Lankan forestry export controls.

Sustainability and sourcing
FAO (IFAWR 2012) records resin tapping in Sri Lanka’s dry and intermediate zones. The resin is collected seasonally by local communities, with tapping typically targeted at established, healthy trees to maintain stand integrity; no specific harvest regulations or yield data are reported.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name	Authority	First published in
Amyris elemifera	J.Koenig ex Blume	Mus. Bot. 1(14): 218. 1850 [May 1850 publ. Oct 1850]
Amyris zeylanica	Retz.	Observ. Bot. 4: 25 (1786)
Canarium auriculatum	H.J.P.Winkl.	Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 41: 279 (1908)
Canarium balsamiferum	Moon	Cat. Pl. Ceylon : 68 (1824)
Canarium commune	Wight & Arn.	Prodr. Fl. Ind. Orient. : 175 (1834)
Balsamodendrum zeylanicum	(Retz.) Kunth ex DC.	Prodr. 2: 76 (1825)

Common names Top

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Filter by language:

Language	Common/alternative name
Sinhala	කැකුණ
Chinese	锡兰橄榄
Chinese	细兰橄榄

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:

- Doubtful data

- Extinct

- Introduced

- Native

Asia-tropical click to expand
- Indian Subcontinent
  - Sri Lanka

Southern America click to expand
- Caribbean
  - Trinidad-Tobago

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!

Database	ID/link to page
World Flora Online	wfo-0000583799
Tropicos	100304753
KEW	urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:127567-1
The Plant List	kew-2696133
Open Tree Of Life	493263
NCBI Taxonomy	246351
IUCN Red List	32577
IPNI	127567-1
iNaturalist	190256
GBIF	5636239
Freebase	/m/02x8s37
EPPO	CNBZE
USDA GRIN	8824
Wikipedia	Canarium_zeylanicum

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.

Title

Authors

Publication

Released

IDs

Homo sapiens lithic technology and microlithization in the South Asian rainforest at Kitulgala Beli-lena (c. 45 – 8,000 years ago)

Picin A, Wedage O, Blinkhorn J, Amano N, Deraniyagala S, Boivin N, Roberts P, Petraglia M

PLoS One

13-Oct-2022

PMCID:	PMC9560501
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0273450
PMID:	36227910

Hedycaryol – Central Intermediates in Sesquiterpene Biosynthesis, Part II

Xu H, Dickschat JS

Chemistry

21-Mar-2022

PMCID:	PMC9310801
doi:	10.1002/chem.202200405
PMID:	35239190

Impacts of community forestry on forest condition: Evidence from Sri Lanka’s intermediate zone

Ekanayake EM, Cirella GT, Xie Y

PLoS One

30-Sep-2020

PMCID:	PMC7526917
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0239405
PMID:	32997680

Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Local Tissue Damage Induced by Snake Venoms: An Overview from Traditional Use to Pharmacological Evidence

Félix-Silva J, Silva-Junior AA, Zucolotto SM, Fernandes-Pedrosa MD

Evid Based Complement Alternat Med

21-Aug-2017

PMCID:	PMC5585606
doi:	10.1155/2017/5748256
PMID:	28904556

(E)-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene: Aedes aegypti Oviposition Deterrents Elucidated by Gas Chromatography-Electrophysiological Assay of Commiphora leptophloeos Leaf Oil

da Silva RC, Milet-Pinheiro P, Bezerra da Silva PC, da Silva AG, da Silva MV, Navarro DM, da Silva NH

PLoS One

09-Dec-2015

PMCID:	PMC4674132
doi:	10.1371/journal.pone.0144586
PMID:	26650757

To move or to evolve: contrasting patterns of intercontinental connectivity and climatic niche evolution in “Terebinthaceae” (Anacardiaceae and Burseraceae)

Weeks A, Zapata F, Pell SK, Daly DC, Mitchell JD, Fine PV

Front Genet

28-Nov-2014

PMCID:	PMC4247111
doi:	10.3389/fgene.2014.00409
PMID:	25506354

Terpenoids of Canarium zeylanicum

Wickramasinghe M. Bandaranayake

Elsevier BV

25-Jul-2002

doi:	10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X

Phytochemical Profile Top

Add a new one!

Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
You can also contribute to this by clicking here.

Name	PubChem ID	Canonical SMILES	MW	Found in	Proof
> Hydrocarbons / Unsaturated hydrocarbons / Branched unsaturated hydrocarbons
(1S,3R,5R)-2,2,6-trimethyltricyclo[3.3.0.01,3]oct-6-ene	163049049	Click to see	148.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
2,2,6-Trimethyltricyclo[3.3.0.01,3]oct-6-ene	163049048	Click to see CC1=CCC23C1CC2C3(C)C	148.24	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Monoterpenoids / Menthane monoterpenoids
(+)-alpha-Phellandrene	443160	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
(+)-alpha-Terpineol	442501	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
(+)-Limonene	440917	Click to see	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
1-Isopropyl-4-methylenecyclohexane	517973	Click to see CC(C)C1CCC(=C)CC1	138.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
alpha-PHELLANDRENE	7460	Click to see CC1=CCC(C=C1)C(C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Alpha-Terpineol	17100	Click to see	154.25	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Carvone, (-)-	439570	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Carvone, (+-)-	7439	Click to see	150.22	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Limonene, (+/-)-	22311	Click to see CC1=CCC(CC1)C(=C)C	136.23	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Sesterterpenoids / Scalarane sesterterpenoids
4,4,6a,8a,11,11,12b,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,6a,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,12b,13,14,14a,14b-icosahydropicen-3-ol	344467	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Taraxerol	92097	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Prenol lipids / Triterpenoids
(4aR,6aR,6bS,8aR,11R,12S,12aR,14aR,14bS)-4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picene-3,14-dione	14526927	Click to see	438.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
10-Hydroxy-1,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-1,2,3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-tetradecahydropicen-13-one	74933427	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
10-hydroxy-2,2,4a,6a,6b,9,9,12a-octamethyl-3,4,5,6,6a,7,8,8a,10,11,12,14b-dodecahydro-1H-picen-13-one	13996051	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
11-Oxo-alpha-amyrin	69166285	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
11-Oxo-beta-amyrin	20055661	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CC(=O)C4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	440.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,12,12a,14a-dodecahydropicene-3,14-dione	14287355	Click to see	438.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,11,14b-Octamethyl-1,4,4a,5,6,6a,6b,7,8,8a,9,10,11,12,12a,14,14a,14b-octadecahydro-2H-picen-3-one	612782	Click to see	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-octamethyl-2,4a,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,12a,14a-dodecahydro-1H-picene-3,14-dione	14526926	Click to see	438.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
alpha-Amyrenol	225688	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
alpha-Amyrenone	12306155	Click to see	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Alpha-Amyrin	73170	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
beta-Amyrenol	225689	Click to see	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Beta-Amyrin	73145	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(C5(C)C)O)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	426.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
beta-Amyrone	12306160	Click to see CC1(CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1)C)C)C	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Olean-12-ene-3,11-dione	14287354	Click to see	438.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
Urs-12-en-3-one	612828	Click to see CC1CCC2(CCC3(C(=CCC4C3(CCC5C4(CCC(=O)C5(C)C)C)C)C2C1C)C)C	424.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
> Lipids and lipid-like molecules / Steroids and steroid derivatives / Stigmastanes and derivatives
(-)-beta-Sitosterol	222284	Click to see	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X
17-(5-ethyl-6-methylheptan-2-yl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-ol	86821	Click to see CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C1(CCC3C2CC=C4C3(CCC(C4)O)C)C)C(C)C	414.70	unknown	https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-9422(00)81969-X

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Canarium zeylanicum

Table of Contents

Details Top

Ethnobotanical Use Top

General Uses Top

Synonyms Top

Common names Top

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

Germination/Propagation Top

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Links to other databases Top

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

Scientific Literature Top

Phytochemical Profile Top

Gallery Top

Contributors Top

Collections Top