Rosa indica
Details Top
| Internal ID | UUID6440402eeb76e506965155 |
| Scientific name | Rosa indica |
| Authority | L. |
| First published in | Sp. Pl. : 492 (1753) |
General Uses Top
Suggest a correction!Fragrance and cosmetics:
Fresh petals are processed by solvent extraction to yield a concrete, which is further refined to an absolute, or by steam distillation to yield an essential oil. These materials are used in fine fragrance compositions, as trace notes in perfumery accords, and as an aromatic component in soaps, detergents, and skincare and haircare formulations. The absolute is preferred when a rich, warm profile is desired; the essential oil is constrained by ISO 9842:2018, which sets compositional and physicochemical specifications for oil of rose (Rosa spp.), limiting its use in cosmetic products that require regulatory alignment.
Scientific/model-organism use:
The species accepted as Rosa chinensis (syn. R. indica L.) has an available reference genome and associated transcriptomic resources in public genomic databases, supporting studies of flowering time, scent biosynthesis, and petal pigment pathways. The widely cultivated cultivar “Old Blush” (R. chinensis ‘Old Blush’) has been used in cytogenetic and molecular studies and as a model system in genetics.
Food and beverages (non-medicinal):
In culinary traditions across South and East Asia, the species is cultivated for its edible petals, which are used as flavoring and garnish in sweets, confections, and syrups. Rose hips (the fruit) are also processed into preserves, jams, and syrups.
Properties relevant to use:
Rose absolute and essential oil are rich in monoterpenoid alcohols—geraniol, citronellol, and nerol—together with phenylethyl alcohol; these constituents confer characteristic rosy scent and influence solubility and stability in cosmetic media. ISO 9842 defines ranges for density, optical rotation, acid value, ester value, solubility in ethanol, and refractive index to control quality and authenticity of steam-distilled rose oil.
Standards and regulation:
ISO 9842:2018 (Oil of rose—Rosa spp.) provides compositional and specification limits for rose essential oil used in flavor and fragrance applications. International flavor and fragrance regulations, including the IFRA Standards and EU Flavouring Regulation (EC No 1334/2008), govern the use of rose materials in consumer products. Cosmetic use is also subject to regional cosmetic laws and safety assessments.
Sustainability and sourcing:
Scented rose production is water- and labor-intensive; practice is dominated by manual harvesting and extraction steps. Sustainable sourcing is guided by certification and fair-labor schemes in producing regions.
Synonyms Top
| Scientific name | Authority | First published in |
|---|---|---|
| Rosa banksiae var. microcarpa | (Lindl.) Regel | ; 1878 376 1878 |
| Rosa amoyensis | Hance | J. Bot. 6: 297 (1868) |
| Rosa sorbiflora | Focke | Gard. Chron. , ser. 3, 37: 227 (1905) |
| Rosa patrum | H.Lév. ex Rehder | J. Arnold Arbor. 17: 339 (1936) |
| Rosa bodinieri | H.Lév. & Vaniot | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 56 (1908) |
| Rosa cavaleriei | H.Lév. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 61 (1910) |
| Rosa chaffonjoni | H.Lév. & Vaniot | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 56 (1908) |
| Rosa esquirolii | H.Lév. & Vaniot | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 55: 56 (1908) |
| Rosa fragariifolia | Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. [Steudel], ed. 2. ii. 468, sphalm. |
| Rosa microcarpa | Lindl. | Ros. Monogr. : 130 (1820) |
| Rosa cymosa var. puberula | T.T.Yu & T.C.Ku | Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 1(4): 17 (1981) |
| Rosa limprichtii | Pax & K.Hoffm. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 413 (1922) |
| Rosa borbonica | Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 563 (1893) |
| Rosa fukienensis | F.P.Metcalf | J. Arnold Arbor. 21: 274 (1940) |
| Rosa subumbellata | Schur | Enum. Pl. Transsilv. : 203 (1866) |
| Rosa pannosa | Link | Handbuch 2: 83 (1831) |
| Rosa persicifolia | Hoffmanns. | Verz. Pfl.-Kult. , Nachtr. 1: 108 (1824) |
| Rosa cymosa | Tratt. | Rosac. Monogr. : 87 (1823) |
| Rosa cymosa f. plena | Z.X.Yu & G.Z.Liu | Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 11(1): 53 (1991) |
| Rosa indica var. acuminata | Thory | Roses 1: 53 (1817) |
| Rosa indica unranked alba | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 85 (1826) |
| Rosa indica unranked caryophyllea | Thory | Roses 3: 69 (1823) |
| Rosa indica unranked creunta | Thory | Roses 1: 128 (1818) |
| Rosa indica var. formosana | Hayata | J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 22: 127 (1906) |
| Rosa indica unranked incurva | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 70 (1817) |
| Rosa indica unranked lawrenciana | Thory | Roses 2: 38 (1819) |
| Rosa indica var. lutea | Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 359 (1878) |
| Rosa indica unranked minor | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 68 (1805) |
| Rosa indica var. odoratissima | Lindl. | Ros. Monogr. : 106 (1820) |
| Rosa indica unranked pannosa | Thory | Roses 2: 37 (1819) |
| Rosa indica unranked purpurea | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 80 (1812) |
| Rosa indica unranked rubra | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 67 (1805-1828) |
| Rosa indica unranked salicifolia | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 81 (1815) |
| Rosa indica unranked simplex | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 69 (1816) |
| Rosa indica unranked sulphurea | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 86 (1826) |
| Rosa indica var. ternauxiana | Ser. | Prodr. 2: 600 (1825) |
| Rosa indica unranked variegata | Andrews | Roses 2: t. 79 (1812) |
| Rosa limprichtii var. subumbellata | Pax & K.Hoffm. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 12: 413 (1922) |
| Rosa cymosa var. dapanshanensis | F.G.Zhang | Acta Bot. Yunnan. 28: 606 (2006) |
| Rosa fragariiflora | Ser. | Prodr. 2: 601 (1825) |
| Rosa indica unranked longifolia | Thory | Roses 2: 38 (1819) |
Common names Top
Add a new one! Suggest a correction!| Language | Common/alternative name |
|---|---|
| English | jh |
| English | r. indica |
| English | cyme rose |
| Arabic | ورد هندي |
| Arabic | ورد سنمي |
| Persian | رز سالخورده |
| Russian | Роза полузонтичная |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇果 |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇根 |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇花 |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇茎 |
| Chinese | 小果薔薇 |
| Chinese | 山木香 |
| Chinese | 野蔷薇 |
| Chinese | 倒钩竻 |
| Chinese | 红荆藤 |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇叶 |
| Chinese | 小果蔷薇 |
Germination/Propagation Top
Suggest a correction or add new data!
No germination or propagation data was added yet.
Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top
Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
-
Asia-temperate click to expand
-
China
- China South-central
- China Southeast
-
Eastern Asia
- Taiwan
-
China
-
Asia-tropical click to expand
-
Indian Subcontinent
- Bangladesh
- India
-
Indo-China
- Laos
- Vietnam
-
Indian Subcontinent
-
Pacific click to expand
-
Northwestern Pacific
- Marianas
-
Northwestern Pacific
-
Southern America click to expand
-
Caribbean
- Trinidad-Tobago
-
Caribbean
Links to other databases Top
Suggest others/fix!| Database | ID/link to page |
|---|---|
| World Flora Online | wfo-0001014404 |
| UNII | 9J9U8OKR8A |
| USDA Plants | ROIN5 |
| Tropicos | 27801708 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732892-1 |
| The Plant List | rjp-6039 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 3904955 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 2056386 |
| IPNI | 732892-1 |
| iNaturalist | 1127917 |
| GBIF | 3002711 |
| EOL | 637808 |
| USDA GRIN | 70579 |
| Tropicos | 27803785 |
| KEW | urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:732228-1 |
| The Plant List | rjp-9092 |
| Open Tree Of Life | 868176 |
| NCBI Taxonomy | 117261 |
| IPNI | 732228-1 |
| iNaturalist | 639233 |
| GBIF | 3005661 |
| Freebase | /m/0clj9n |
| EPPO | ROSCY |
| EOL | 235184 |
| USDA GRIN | 5327 |
| Wikipedia | Rosa_cymosa |
Genomes (via NCBI) Top
No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.
Scientific Literature Top
Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
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Phytochemical Profile Top
Add a new one!
Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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| Name | PubChem ID | Canonical SMILES | MW | Found in | Proof |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| > Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides | |||||
| [(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 9982058 | Click to see C1=CC(=C(C=C1CCO)OC2C(C(C(C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(=C(C(=C3)O)O)O)O)O)O)O | 468.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| [3,4,5-Trihydroxy-6-[2-hydroxy-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenoxy]oxan-2-yl]methyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 85082218 | Click to see | 468.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Biflavonoids and polyflavonoids | |||||
| (2R,3S,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-4-[(2R,3R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-6-[(2R,3S,4R)-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol | 10395827 | Click to see | 866.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-4-yl]-4-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromene-3,5,7-triol | 15593127 | Click to see C1C(C(OC2=C1C(=C(C(=C2)O)C3C(C(OC4=C3C(=C(C(=C4)O)C5C(C(OC6=CC(=CC(=C56)O)O)C7=CC(=C(C=C7)O)O)O)O)C8=CC(=C(C=C8)O)O)O)O)C9=CC(=C(C=C9)O)O)O | 866.80 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| Procyanidin B3 | 146798 | Click to see | 578.50 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavans / Catechins | |||||
| 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-1-benzopyran-3,5,7-triol | 1203 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| Catechin | 9064 | Click to see | 290.27 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Flavonoids / Flavonoid glycosides / Flavonoid O-glycosides | |||||
| (3S)-3-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-[4-hydroxy-2-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphenyl]propan-1-one | 162877886 | Click to see C1=CC(=CC=C1C(CC(=O)C2=C(C=C(C=C2)O)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)O)O | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| Rocymosin B | 42607726 | Click to see | 436.40 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Complex tannins | |||||
| [(10R,11R)-10-[(14R,15S,19S)-19-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,17,18,19-hexahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 101458433 | Click to see | 1208.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| [(10R,11R)-10-[(15S,19S)-19-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-3,5,7-trihydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-8-yl]-2,3,4,7,8,9-hexahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,17,18,19-hexahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 101651021 | Click to see | 1208.90 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| > Phenylpropanoids and polyketides / Tannins / Hydrolyzable tannins | |||||
| [(10R,11R)-10-[(15S,19S)-2,3,4,7,8,9,19-heptahydroxy-12,17-dioxo-13,16-dioxatetracyclo[13.3.1.05,18.06,11]nonadeca-1,3,5(18),6,8,10-hexaen-14-yl]-3,4,5,17,18,19-hexahydroxy-8,14-dioxo-9,13-dioxatricyclo[13.4.0.02,7]nonadeca-1(19),2,4,6,15,17-hexaen-11-yl] 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate | 101601178 | Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C4C5C(C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O | 936.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| Casuarinin | 442673 | Click to see C1C(C(OC(=O)C2=CC(=C(C(=C2C3=C(C(=C(C=C3C(=O)O1)O)O)O)O)O)O)C4C5C(C6=C(C(=C(C(=C6C(=O)O5)C7=C(C(=C(C=C7C(=O)O4)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)OC(=O)C8=CC(=C(C(=C8)O)O)O | 936.60 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
| Rugosin D | 16129626 | Click to see | 1875.30 | unknown | https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(93)85250-U |
Collections Top
| In private collections | 0 |
| In public collections | 0 |