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Rhaphiolepis indica

Rhaphiolepis indica - Unknown
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64404063b85e3098713808
Scientific name Rhaphiolepis indica
Authority (L.) Lindl.
First published in Bot. Reg. 6: t. 468 (1820)

Description Top

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Rhaphiolepis indica, also known as Indian hawthorn, is an evergreen shrub in the rose family. It typically grows to a height of 4 meters and has purple-brown branches when young and greyish-brown branches when old. The leaves are ovate or oblong in shape and have a shiny, glabrous surface. This plant is native to southern China, Japan, and parts of Southeast Asia, and is often grown for its decorative pink or white flowers. It is also used in bonsai culture and its fruit can be cooked and made into jam. In addition, the plant has been used for centuries in Japan and China for its dyeing properties, producing a dark brown color when boiled with iron or lime water. Indian hawthorn is a popular horticultural specimen in the southern United States and is often used in commercial and private landscapes. However, it is prone to leaf spot.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Opa integerrima Seem. J. Bot. 1: 281. 1863
Opa japonica Seem. J. Bot. 1: 281. 1863
Opa mertensii Seem. J. Bot. 1: 281. 1863
Rhaphiolepis delacourii André Rev. Hort. (Paris) 72: 698 (1900)
Crataegus sinensis Loisel. Herb. Gén. Amat. 4: t. 247 (1820)
Rhaphiolepis japonica Siebold & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: 162 (1841)
Rhaphiolepis indica var. typica Nakai ; 1924 65 1924
Opa metrosideros Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 309 (1790)
Syzygium metrosideros DC. Prodr. 3: 261 (1828)
Rhaphiolepis liukiuensis Nakai J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 63 (1924)
Rhaphiolepis impressivena Masam. Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 30: 340 (1940)
Rhaphiolepis indica var. integerrima (Hooker & Arn.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 1 (1974)
Raphiolepis indica (L.) Lindl. The Botanical register; consisting of coloured figures of exotic plants, cultivated in british gardens, with their history and mode of treatment ; 1815 t.468 1820
Rhaphiolepis umbellata Makino Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 13 (1902)
Rhaphiolepis integerrima Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey Voy. : 263 (1838)
Crataegus indica L. Sp. Pl. : 477 (1753)
Laurus umbellata Thunb. Syst. Veg. ed. 14 : 384 (1784)
Crataegus rubra Lour. Fl. Cochinch. : 320 (1790)
Mespilus sinensis Poir. Encycl. , Suppl. 4: 70 (1816)
Rhaphiolepis gracilis Nakai J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 64 (1924)
Rhaphiolepis parvibracteolata Merr. Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 344 (1922)
Rhaphiolepis rubra Lindl. Coll. Bot. 1: t. 3 (1821)
Rhaphiolepis rugosa Nakai J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 62 (1924)
Rhaphiolepis sinensis M.Roem. Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 3: 114 (1847)
Mespilus sieboldii Blume Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind. : 1102 (1826)
Rhaphiolepis loureiroi Spreng. Syst. Veg. 2: 508 (1825)
Rhaphiolepis mertensii Siebold & Zucc. Fl. Jap. 1: 164 (1841)
Rhaphiolepis minor Koidz. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 171 (1909)
Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata (Thunb. ex Murray) H.Ohashi J. Jap. Bot. 63: 4 (1988)
Rhaphiolepis indica f. umbellata (Thunb. ex Murray) Hatus. Mem. Fac. Agric. Kagoshima Univ. 7: 309 (1970)
Rhaphiolepis indica var. minor (Makino) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 2 (1974)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English indian hawthorn
English indian hawthorn bush
English indian hawthorn shrub
Esperanto hinda krataga arbedo
Esperanto hinda krataga arbusto
Chinese 石斑木
Chinese 凿角
Chinese 山花木
Chinese 春花
Chinese 白杏花
Chinese 石棠木
Chinese 车轮梅
Chinese 雷公树
Chinese 恒春石斑木
Chinese 石斑木毛序变种

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Rhaphiolepis indica var. liukiuensis (Koidz.) Kitam. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 2 (1974)
Rhaphiolepis indica var. shilanensis Yuen P.Yang & H.Y.Liu Taiwania 47: 176 (2002)
Rhaphiolepis indica var. umbellata (Thunb.) H.Ohashi J. Jap. Bot. 63: 4 (1988)

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Asia-temperate
    • China
      • China South-central
      • China Southeast
      • Hainan
    • Eastern Asia
      • Japan
      • Nansei-shoto
      • Ogasawara-Shoto
      • Taiwan
  • Asia-tropical
    • Indo-China
      • Cambodia
      • Laos
      • Thailand
      • Vietnam
    • Malesia
      • Jawa

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0001016273
Flora of Alabama 5604
USDA Plants RHIN21
Tropicos 27807209
INPN 447472
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:731389-1
The Plant List rjp-6891
Missouri Botanical Garden 286552
PFAF Rhaphiolepis indica
Open Tree Of Life 316539
NCBI Taxonomy 36624
IUCN Red List 147638075
IPNI 731389-1
iNaturalist 179305
GBIF 5371542
Freebase /m/02vm92w
EPPO RAHIN
EOL 631590
Calflora (Californian flora) 12836
USDA GRIN 30869
Wikipedia Rhaphiolepis_indica

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
Phylogeny of genera in Maleae (Rosaceae) based on chloroplast genome analysis Sun J, Zhao D, Qiao P, Wang Y, Wu P, Wang K, Guo L, Huang L, Zhou S Front Plant Sci 26-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC11002139
doi:10.3389/fpls.2024.1367645
PMID:38595768
Pest categorisation of Pyrrhoderma noxium Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Golic D, Gobbi A, Maiorano A, Pautasso M, Reignault PL EFSA J 19-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10949325
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8667
PMID:38505477
Taxonomy and Phylogeny of the Aphid Genus Nippolachnus Matsumura, 1917, with Synonymy of the Mysterious Neonippolachnus Shinji, 1924 (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Lachninae) Kanturski M, Lee M, Koszela K, Lee S Insects 08-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10971630
doi:10.3390/insects15030182
PMID:38535377
Correction: Zhang et al. Genotype–Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br. Genes 2023, 14, 1299 Zhang R, Zeng B, Chen T, Hu B Genes (Basel) 09-Feb-2024
PMCID:PMC10887675
doi:10.3390/genes15020221
PMID:38397249
Phytochemical analysis and insight into insecticidal and antifungal activities of Indian hawthorn leaf extract Khamis WM, Behiry SI, Marey SA, Al-Askar AA, Amer G, Heflish AA, Su Y, Abdelkhalek A, Gaber MK Sci Rep 11-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10567697
doi:10.1038/s41598-023-43749-9
PMID:37821483
Patterns of deep fine root and water utilization amongst trees, shrubs and herbs in subtropical pine plantations with seasonal droughts Jiang P, Yan J, Liu R, Zhang X, Fan S Front Plant Sci 20-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10548128
doi:10.3389/fpls.2023.1275464
PMID:37799557
Biphenyls and dibenzofurans of the rosaceous subtribe Malinae and their role as phytoalexins Busnena BA, Beerhues L, Liu B Planta 09-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10492887
doi:10.1007/s00425-023-04228-7
PMID:37689618
Four new species of Phyllosticta from China based on morphological and phylogenetic characterization Sui XN, Guo MJ, Zhou H, Hou CL Mycology 04-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10424619
doi:10.1080/21501203.2023.2225552
PMID:37583457
Genotype–Environment Interaction and Horizontal and Vertical Distributions of Heartwood for Acacia melanoxylon R.Br Zhang R, Zeng B, Chen T, Hu B Genes (Basel) 20-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10298161
doi:10.3390/genes14061299
PMID:37372479
The Liverwort and Hornwort Flora of Jeju Island, Republic of Korea: A Volcanic Island with a Unique Mixture of Subtropical, Temperate, Boreal, and Arctomontane Taxa Choi SS, Bakalin VA, Bum HM, Park SJ, Kim DS, Ahn US, Moon MO Plants (Basel) 20-Jun-2023
PMCID:PMC10301385
doi:10.3390/plants12122384
PMID:37376013
Breathing Fresh Air in the City: Implementing Avenue Trees as a Sustainable Solution to Reduce Particulate Pollution in Urban Agglomerations Mandal M, Popek R, Przybysz A, Roy A, Das S, Sarkar A Plants (Basel) 03-Apr-2023
PMCID:PMC10097214
doi:10.3390/plants12071545
PMID:37050171
Pest categorisation of Paracoccus marginatus Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A EFSA J 31-Mar-2023
PMCID:PMC10064853
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7899
PMID:37009439
Pest categorisation of Icerya aegyptiaca Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Grégoire J, Malumphy C, Akrivou A, Kertesz V, Papachristos D, MacLeod A EFSA J 09-Jan-2023
PMCID:PMC9827230
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7739
PMID:36628331
Morphological Variation in the Rice Root Nematode, Hirschmanniella Oryzae (Van Breda De Haan, 1902) Luc & Goodey, 1964 from Korea, with Inferences from its Ribosomal and Mitochondrial DNA N/A J Nematol 10-Dec-2022
PMCID:PMC9871597
doi:10.2478/jofnem-2022-0055
PMID:36742264
Plant-frugivore network simplification under habitat fragmentation leaves a small core of interacting generalists Li W, Zhu C, Grass I, Vázquez DP, Wang D, Zhao Y, Zeng D, Kang Y, Ding P, Si X Commun Biol 10-Nov-2022
PMCID:PMC9649668
doi:10.1038/s42003-022-04198-8
PMID:36357489

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenols
2',3-Dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl 49831391 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C2=CC=CC=C2O 216.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Biphenyls and derivatives
3-Hydroxy-2',5-Dimethoxybiphenyl 49831390 Click to see COC1=CC=CC=C1C2=CC(=CC(=C2)OC)O 230.26 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
3-Hydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl 12000323 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1)O)C2=CC=CC=C2 200.23 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Benzofurans / Dibenzofurans
1,2-Methylenedioxy-3,4,6-Trimethoxydibenzofuran 49831389 Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC3=C2C4=C(C(=C3OC)OC)OCO4 302.28 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
2-Hydroxy-3,4,6-trimethoxydibenzofuran 49831343 Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1OC3=C(C(=C(C=C23)O)OC)OC 274.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
2-Hydroxy-3,4,6,9-tetramethoxydibenzofuran 49831388 Click to see COC1=C2C3=CC(=C(C(=C3OC2=C(C=C1)OC)OC)OC)O 304.29 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S
2-Hydroxy-3,4,9-trimethoxydibenzofuran 49831344 Click to see COC1=CC=CC2=C1C3=CC(=C(C(=C3O2)OC)OC)O 274.27 unknown https://doi.org/10.1021/NP100200S

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