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Frangula purshiana

Frangula purshiana - Unknown
Part: Unknown
Author: Public Domain - WikiMedia
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Table of Contents

Details
Description
Synonyms
Common Names
Subtypes (subspecies, varieties, subvarieties, forms)
Germination/Propagation
Distribution
Links to other databases
Genome
Scientific Literature
Phytochemical Profile
Biological Material
Contributors
Collections

Details Top

Internal ID UUID64401cd0970e3329673075
Scientific name Frangula purshiana
Authority (DC.) A.Gray ex J.G.Cooper
First published in Trans. Amer. Med. Assoc. 10: 228 (1857)

Description Top

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Overall, Frangula purshiana, also known as cascara, is a plant species native to western North America. Its dried bark has been used as a laxative in traditional medicine by indigenous peoples and in conventional medicine until 2002. The plant is a large shrub or small tree with unique buds and splotchy bark. Its leaves are simple, deciduous, and turn yellow in autumn. The flowers are small and bloom in clusters, while the fruit is a drupe that is eaten by various animals. Cascara is found in moist forests and is shade tolerant. However, its high market demand has led to over-harvesting, causing concern for its population. The plant contains chemicals that may have a laxative effect, but also pose potential health risks. Cascara is also used as a dietary supplement, but there is insufficient evidence to support its safety and effectiveness. Other uses of cascara include food flavoring, honey production, and wood for various purposes.

Synonyms Top

Scientific name Authority First published in
Rhamnus purshiana DC. Prodr. 2: 25 (1825)
Cardiolepis obtusa Raf. Sylva Tellur. : 28 (1838)
Rhamnus purshiana var. hirtella Schelle in Beissn., Schelle & Zabel Handb. Laubholzben. : 326 (1903)

Common names Top

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Language Common/alternative name
English cascara buckthorn
Arabic القشرة المقدسة
Czech řešetlák purshův
Persian ارجنگ
Hungarian kaszkarabokor
Japanese カスカラサグラダ
Korean 카스카라 사그라다
Norwegian Nynorsk f. purshiana
Norwegian Nynorsk sagradatre
Swedish cascara-sagradabark

Subspecies (abbr. subsp./ssp.) Top

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Name Authority First published in
Frangula purshiana subsp. annonifolia (Greene) Sawyer & S.W.Edwards Madroño 54: 173 (2007)
Frangula purshiana subsp. ultramafica Sawyer & S.W.Edwards Madroño 54: 172 (2007)

Varieties (abbr. var.) Top

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No variety added yet.

Subvarieties (abbr. subvar.) Top

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No subvariety added yet.

Forms (abbr. f.) Top

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No forms added yet.

Germination/Propagation Top

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No germination or propagation data was added yet.

Distribution (via POWO/KEW) Top

Legend for the distribution data:
- Doubtful data
- Extinct
- Introduced
- Native
  • Northern America
    • Mexico
      • Mexico Northeast
    • Northwestern U.S.A.
      • Idaho
      • Montana
      • Oregon
      • Washington
    • Southwestern U.S.A.
      • California
    • Western Canada
      • British Columbia

Links to other databases Top

Suggest others/fix!
Database ID/link to page
World Flora Online wfo-0000691925
UNII E9S376T0H5
Canadensys 8595
USDA Plants FRPU7
Tropicos 50314102
KEW urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30426867-2
The Plant List kew-2814099
Open Tree Of Life 796228
NCBI Taxonomy 55262
Nature Serve 2.157732
IUCN Red List 61957071
IPNI 30426867-2
iNaturalist 77156
GBIF 3039463
Freebase /m/0d83qh
FEIS plants/shrub/frapur
EOL 485223
Calflora (Californian flora) 10905
USDA GRIN 403169
Wikipedia Frangula_purshiana
CMAUP NPO3980

Genomes (via NCBI) Top

No reference genome is available on NCBI yet. We are constantly monitoring for new data.

Scientific Literature Top

Below are displayed the latest 15 articles published in PMC (PubMed Central®) and other sources (DOI number only)!
If you wish to see all the related articles click here.
Title Authors Publication Released IDs
A systematic methodology to assess the identity of plants in historical texts: A case study based on the Byzantine pharmacy text John the Physician's Therapeutics Lardos A, Patmore K, Allkin R, Lazarou R, Nesbitt M, Scott AC, Zipser B J Ethnopharmacol 25-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC7615571
doi:10.1016/j.jep.2023.117622
PMID:38128894
Phytotherapeutic Approaches in Canine Pediatrics Quintavalla F Vet Sci 20-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10974738
doi:10.3390/vetsci11030133
PMID:38535867
Commodity risk assessment of Cornus alba and Cornus sanguinea plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Manda RR, Schulz OM, Kariampa P, Akrivou A, Antonatos S, Beris D, Debode J, Kritikos C, Kormpi M, Manceau C, Papachristos D, Reppa C, Gardi C, Potting R EFSA J 12-Mar-2024
PMCID:PMC10928767
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8657
PMID:38476319
Commodity risk assessment of Corylus avellana plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 12-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10784871
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2024.8495
PMID:38222930
Phytochemical analysis, radical scavenging and glioblastoma U87 cells toxicity studies of stem bark of buckthorn (Rhamnus pentapomica R. Parker) Rehman YU, Iqbal A, Ali G, Alotaibi G, Ahmed A, Ayaz M BMC Complement Med Ther 02-Jan-2024
PMCID:PMC10759440
doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04309-w
PMID:38167318
Therapeutic Potential of 1,8-Dihydroanthraquinone Derivatives for Breast Cancer Okon E, Gaweł-Bęben K, Jarzab A, Koch W, Kukula-Koch W, Wawruszak A Int J Mol Sci 31-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10648492
doi:10.3390/ijms242115789
PMID:37958772
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus robur plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613938
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8314
PMID:37908449
Commodity risk assessment of Quercus petraea plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 30-Oct-2023
PMCID:PMC10613939
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8313
PMID:37908445
Herbal Remedies for Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials Chiarioni G, Popa SL, Ismaiel A, Pop C, Dumitrascu DI, Brata VD, Duse TA, Incze V, Surdea-Blaga T Nutrients 29-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10574070
doi:10.3390/nu15194216
PMID:37836500
Rapid and Versatile Biosensing of Liposome Encapsulation Efficiency Using Electrical Conductivity Sensor Pereira TM, Bonatto CC, Silva LP Biosensors (Basel) 08-Sep-2023
PMCID:PMC10526778
doi:10.3390/bios13090878
PMID:37754112
New Plants, New Resources, New Knowledge: Early Introductions of Exotic Plants to Indigenous Territories in Northwestern North America Turner NJ Plants (Basel) 28-Aug-2023
PMCID:PMC10490097
doi:10.3390/plants12173087
PMID:37687334
Commodity risk assessment of Fagus sylvatica plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 28-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10375364
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8118
PMID:37522095
Commodity risk assessment of Acer pseudoplatanus plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323731
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8074
PMID:37427019
Commodity risk assessment of Acer campestre plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323733
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8071
PMID:37427018
Commodity risk assessment of Acer palmatum plants from the UK Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, MacLeod A, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Vicent Civera A, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Battisti A, Mas H, Rigling D, Faccoli M, Gardi C, Iacopetti G, Mikulová A, Mosbach‐Schulz O, Stergulc F, Streissl F, Gonthier P EFSA J 06-Jul-2023
PMCID:PMC10323724
doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.8075
PMID:37427020

Phytochemical Profile Top

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Below are displayed the proven (via scientific papers) natural compounds!
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Name PubChem ID Canonical SMILES MW Found in Proof
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes
(10S)-10-[(9R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-10H-anthracen-9-one 44567184 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2C4C5=C(C(=CC(=C5)C)O)C(=O)C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)O)C=CC=C3O 494.50 unknown via CMAUP database
(inverted exclamation markA)-Emodin bianthrone 12096290 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2C4C5=C(C(=CC(=C5)C)O)C(=O)C6=C4C=C(C=C6O)O)C=C(C=C3O)O 510.50 unknown via CMAUP database
6-Methylanthracene-1,2,8-triol 221502 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C=C3C(=C2)C=CC(=C3O)O)C(=C1)O 240.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol-9-anthrone 68111 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2)C=CC=C3O 240.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Emodin anthrone 122635 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2)C=C(C=C3O)O 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones
1,8-Dihydroxy-3-methyl-4a,9a-dihydroanthracene-9,10-dione 24867638 Click to see CC1=CC2C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O 256.25 unknown via CMAUP database
Aloe emodin 10207 Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)CO 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Chrysophanic acid 10208 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O 254.24 unknown via CMAUP database
Chrysophanol 8-(6-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside) 5315852 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)COC(=O)C5=CC(=C(C(=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O 568.50 unknown via CMAUP database
Danthron 2950 Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=CC=C3O 240.21 unknown via CMAUP database
Physcione 10639 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)OC 284.26 unknown via CMAUP database
Rheochrysin 168938 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3OC4C(C(C(C(O4)CO)O)O)O)OC 446.40 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Anthracenes / Anthraquinones / Hydroxyanthraquinones
Emodin 3220 Click to see CC1=CC2=C(C(=C1)O)C(=O)C3=C(C2=O)C=C(C=C3O)O 270.24 unknown via CMAUP database
> Benzenoids / Benzene and substituted derivatives / Benzoic acids and derivatives / Hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives / Gallic acid and derivatives
Syringic acid 10742 Click to see COC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)OC)C(=O)O 198.17 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Glycosylamines
(E)-N-methyl-3-phenyl-N-[2-[1-[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]imidazol-4-yl]ethyl]prop-2-enamide 5382459 Click to see CN(CCC1=CN(C=N1)C2C(C(C(C(O2)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C=CC3=CC=CC=C3 417.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organic oxygen compounds / Organooxygen compounds / Carbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates / Glycosyl compounds / Phenolic glycosides
Cascaroside A 442727 Click to see C1=CC2=C(C(=C1)OC3C(C(C(C(O3)CO)O)O)O)C(=O)C4=C(C2C5C(C(C(C(O5)CO)O)O)O)C=C(C=C4O)CO 580.50 unknown via CMAUP database
> Organoheterocyclic compounds / Indoles and derivatives
Physovenine 442113 Click to see CC12CCOC1N(C3=C2C=C(C=C3)OC(=O)NC)C 262.30 unknown via CMAUP database

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